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(共36张PPT)
Unit 1
Laugh out loud!
Using language
Non-defining attributive clauses
让你的句子“自带高光”
从“干巴巴”到“有灵魂”的魔法公式
Learning objectives
1. Recognize the form, function of non-defining attributive clauses by observing and analyzing.
2. Conclude the differences between non-defining and defining attributive clauses by analyzing and summarizing.
3. Use non-defining attributive clauses.
Baby won’t you tell me why there is sadness in your eyes
I don’t wanna say goodbye to you
Love is one big illusion ___________I should try to forget
but there is something left in my head
You're the one ___________ set it up now you're the one to make it stop
I'm the one ______________ is feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing _____ you said
but there is something left in my head
I won't forget the way _______________you're kissing
The feelings so strong were lasting for so long
But I'm not the man____________________ your heart is missing
That’s why you go away I know!
Listen to a song and fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.
(that/which)
That's why you go away
who/that
who/that
(that)
(that/in which)
(whom/who/that)
Activity 1 Lead-in
Michael Learns to Rock
什么是定语从句？
给名词/代词“加buff”的从句，像给主角加一段背景故事，让描述更具体生动。
例：The girl is my deskmate.
→ The girl who is wearing a pink hairpin
is my deskmate.
定语从句“铁三角”
连接主句和从句的
“桥梁”
(who/whom/whose/which/that/where/when/why）
用来修饰先行词的“故事细节”
被修饰的名词/代词
（故事的“主角”）
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
地点 地点状语
时间 时间状语
原因 原因状语
where
when
why
先行词 关系代词 句中成分
人/物 主语/宾语
物 主语/宾语
人 主语/宾语
人 宾语
人/物 定语
that
who
which
whom
whose
关系词“大闯关”（人）
关系词 先行词 在从句中作成分 eg:
who 人 主语/宾语 The boy who won the game is my cousin.
whom 人 宾语 This is the artist whom we talked about yesterday.
whose 人/物 定语（表所属）
The student whose notebook was lost is crying.
关系词“大闯关”（物/地点/时间/原因）
关系词 先行词 在从句中作成分 eg:
1.which 物 主语/宾语
The book which lies on the desk is mine.
2.that 人/物 主语/宾语
The dog that bit the mailman was taken away.
3.where 地点 地点状语
This is the café where we first met.
4.when 时间 时间状语
I’ll never forget the day when we graduated.
5.why 原因 原因状语
Tell me the reason why you were late.
解题三步法
1. 找先行词：确定被修饰的名词/代词是人还是物
2. 析从句成分：看从句缺主语、宾语、定语还是状语
3. 选关系词：根据成分匹配对应的关系词
1. What do “where” , “which” and “when” refer to in each sentence
Look at the sentences and answer questions.
2. Which sentences contain a clause with essential information（必要信息） and which with extra information（补充信息） If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense
extra information;
make sense
essential information;
not complete
Look at the sentences and answer questions.
3 Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information
extra information;
Look at the sentences and answer questions.
非限制性定语从句
关系代词 关系副词
限制性 人：that, who, whom 时间：when
物：which, as 地点：where
原因：why
所属：whose 非限制性 人：who, whom 时间：when
物：which, as 地点：where
所属：whose 原因：for which
是对先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明的定语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，去掉此句不会影响主句意思的完整性。
概述
关系词
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
翻译 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
翻译成两个分句
关系代词的使用 1.做宾语时可省略 2. 可用that 3.可用who代替whom 1. 不可省
2. 不用that
3. 不用who代替whom
特殊情况： as
We have found such materials as are used in their company.
These books are sold at such a high price as people thought.
The school is not the same one as it was.
as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用于the same… as…，such… as…，so… as… 结构中。as在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
特殊情况： as
We have found such materials as are used in their company.
These books are sold at such a high price as people thought.
The school is not the same one as it was.
As is known to all, English is an official language for many countries.
Mark twin was a great writer, as is mentioned above.
Jack, as you know, is a famous singer.
非限制性定语从句
as常与从句中的know/see/hear/expect等动词连用。
特殊情况： as
As is known to all, staying up late is harmful to our health.
= Staying up late is harmful to our health, as is known to all.
= Staying up late, as is known to all, is harmful to our health.
比较：
Staying up late is harmful to our health, which is known to us all.
as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 常在主句之后
翻译 正如、就像……那样 这，这一点
众所周知，熬夜有害健康。
① is reported, the pop star will come to Hohhot next month.
②The pop star will come to Hohhot next month, is reported.
③It was the third time that he had got first prize, surprised all of us.
④She published so many poems, some of are still popular.
⑤Look! He wears the same kind of coat you do.
As
as
which
which
as
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
As or Which？
as常见搭配
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
（选词填空：as/which)
①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____Rachel Carson says in"A Fable for Tomorrow".
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, ______made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, ___ is often the case in science.
④____ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
as
which
As
as
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
The boys _____ are planting trees on the hill are school students.
Have you seen the books _____ he bought yesterday
The student _____ we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
She is the girl _____ father is a professor.
He lives in such a room _____ has no windows.
He likes to use the dictionary _____ was published in 1986.
Do you remember the day _____ we met each other
This is the house _____ we lived for 10 years.
Cooperation is the reason _____ they won the game.
who
why
where
when
which
as
whose
who
which
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.
Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
Try to accept your mistakes, where / through which you can learn a lot.
Close your eyes and picture the future, where you’ve made your dreams come true.
Exercises
Use the grammar
More tips to maintain a positive mind.
Share your sorrow with your best friends, who must be willing to give advice and relate to you.
Read some jokes and watch some crosstalk shows, which will relieve your pressure.
1. , who is lying next to him
2. , which he finds annoying
3. , which he thinks will impress Holmes
4. , who has lost his patience by now
缺主语
缺主语
缺宾语
缺主语
omplete the passage.
注意1：whose
1. The house is his. The window of the house is broken.
The house whose window is broken is his.
whose+名词可以换成the + 名词+ of which/whom/of which/whom+the + 名词。
The house，the window of which is broken, is his.
2. Look at the woman. Her hair is short and wavy.
Look at the woman whose hair is short and wavy.
Look at the woman, the hair of whom is short and wavy.
1. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时
He talked about the men and the stories that attracted him.
2. 指物先行词被the very, just, the right, the only, the last等修饰时
These are the very sites that interest me.
The bus is the last that will go to Datong.
3. 先行词是指物的不定代词all, any, every, much, some, few, little, no及something, everything, anything, nothing, none 或这些词被 修饰时
There is something that inspires us to go on.
注意2：that vs which
只能用that的情况
4. 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
The first method that we are to take is very easy.
This is the best way that has been used .
5. 主句主语是who或which时
Who that have seen him does not like him
Which is the house that you like
6. 有两个定语从句，为了避免重复，一个用which，一个用that
They built a small company, which stood for their images that could make contributions.
只能用that的情况
注意2：that vs which
1. 非限制性定语从句中
He talked about his success, which inspired others.
2. 紧跟介词后
The is the house in which my mum lived for 30 years.
3. 先行词本身就是that
What’s that which flied through the window just now
注意3：that vs which
只能用which的情况
1.非限制性定语:
从句与主句的关系只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主向之问通常用逗号分开。
2.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
I am fond of the novel,which you bought for me.
我喜欢那本小说,就是你给我买的那本。
Summary
3.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
The reason, for which he couldn' t reduce his consumption, wasn't given.
他为何不能降低消费,他没有给出任何理由。
4.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.
(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到,这使得他的老师很生气。
只用which
只用that
A mind map of attributive clauses.
人:
物:
who, whose, that, whom，as
先行词+关系词+从句
修饰名词或代词做定语的从句
when, where, why
that, which, whose，as
非限制
1. She heard a terrible story, _________frightened her.
2. She heard a terrible story ____________ frightened her.
3. I had told them the reason, _________ I didn't attend school.
4. I had told them the reason _______________ I didn't attend school.
5. She was eager to go to the hospital to see her stepmother,_________ she loved and respected as her own mother.
6. She was eager to go to the hospital to see her stepmother________________ she loved and respected as her own mother.
7. Do you know Jack________________ we talked about
8. Do you know Jack, _________ we talked about
which
which/that
for which
why/for which
whom
（who/whom/that）
(who/whom/that)
whom
加赠练习：单句语法填空
9. Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, __________is often the case.
10.English is a language shared by several cultures, each of 　　　　 uses it differently.
11. The clothes, for ___________ I paid a lot of money, is now out of fashion.
12. I suggest you go to your mum, from___________ you can get answers to your questions.
13.　　 is known to everybody, laughter is healthier than anger .
as
which
whom
which
As
Lead-in
齐声朗读：
关于非限定性定语从句：
1.形式上由逗号和主句分开，关系词不可以省略，不是修饰限定先行词的作用，而是补充解释的作用，通常翻译成两个句子。
2.只有两个关系代词不能引导：why 和 that；
3.指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换；
4.从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导，要用as
5. as引导非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对主句进行补充说明，通常用于如下固定搭配，as有“正如……， 就像……”之意：
as we all know正如我们都知道的=as is known to all 正如我们都知道的
as is said above 正如上面所说的//as has been said before正如前面所说的
as is always mentioned above正如上面提到的
as has been pointed out正如所指出的
as can be imagined 可以想象到的
as is often the case 这是经常发生的，这是常有的事=as often happens
as is reported in the newspaper正如报纸上报道的
as might / could be expected 正如人们所预料的
此外as还用在the same … as , such… as结构中，先行词被the same或者such修饰
Homework：
一.基础性作业：
从以下两个主题中任选其一，运用非限制性定语从句完成一段120-150词的英文描述，至少使用3个不同的非限制性定语从句关系词（who/which/where/when/whose等）。
1. 描述一位你敬佩的人：结合人物的外貌、性格、事迹等细节，用非限制性定语从句补充人物特征。
2. 描述一个难忘的场景：选取校园、家乡、旅行地等场景，用非限制性定语从句描绘场景中的事物、氛围或相关故事。
（参考范文）
My grandmother, who has silver hair and warm eyes, is the person I admire most. She lives in a small village, where the air is always fresh and the people are friendly. Every morning, she walks to the old market, which has stood for over fifty years, to buy fresh vegetables for the family.
二、拓展性作业：简单句改写为非限制性定语从句
以下是一篇介绍校园图书馆的简单句短文，请将其中标序号的简单句改写为非限制性定语从句，整合为一篇逻辑连贯、语法正确的短文，改写后保留原文核心信息，字数控制在180词左右。
① Our school library is in the center of the campus. ② It has a history of 30 years. ③ The library has three floors. ④ Each floor has different reading areas. ⑤ The first floor is for popular books and newspapers. ⑥ It is always crowded with students. ⑦ Ms. Li is the librarian. ⑧ She helps us find books quickly. ⑨ I often go to the library after class. ⑩ I can read quietly and borrow books there.
改写要求
1. 至少将8个标序号的简单句改写为非限制性定语从句；
2. 合理使用关系词（which/where/who/whose等），保证从句与主句逻辑通顺；
3. 可适当调整语序和连接词，使篇章更流畅。
评分参考
- 语法准确性：非限制性定语从句的关系词使用、标点（逗号）规范；
- 篇章连贯性：改写后句子衔接自然，信息完整；
- 语言丰富性：能灵活运用不同类型的非限制性定语从句

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