Unit 4 Helping out 单词讲解表 (外研版八下)

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Unit 4 Helping out 单词讲解表 (外研版八下)

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Unit 4 Helping out 单词讲解表 (外研版八下)
单词 / 音标 / 词义 核心搭配 重点考点 经典例句 (源自课本)
excuse
/ k skju z/
v. 原谅 Excuse me 劳驾;打扰一下
excuse sb for doing 原谅某人做某事 1. 名词形式 excuse / k skju s/ (借口);
2. 常用口语 Excuse me 用于引起注意或表示歉意。 "Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please "
“打扰一下,请问我可以要一支紫色的蜡笔吗?”
excuse me
/ k skju z mi /
劳驾 (用于礼貌地引起他人注意,尤其是发问时) (见上) 1. 区别:Sorry (做错事后道歉) vs Excuse me (打扰前使用)。 "Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please "
“打扰一下,请问我可以要一支紫色的蜡笔吗?”
purple
/ p pl/
adj. 紫色的 purple flower 紫色的花
in purple 穿着紫色的衣服 1. 既可作形容词,也可作名词“紫色”。 May I have a purple crayon, please
请问我可以要一支紫色的蜡笔吗?
crayon
/ kre n/
n. 彩色蜡笔 draw with a crayon 用蜡笔画画
a box of crayons 一盒蜡笔 1. 课文中指医院提供给儿童画画的工具。 Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
嗯,蜡笔可能会携带病毒并传播疾病。
five-year-old
/ fa v j r ld/
adj. 五岁的 a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 1. 复合形容词,中间有连字符,year 用单数;
2. 作定语修饰名词;
3. 区别:She is five years old. (作表语,无连字符,复数)。 Five-year-old Leah asked a nurse.
五岁的利亚问一位护士。
sunshine
/ s n a n/
n. 阳光 Sunshine Hospital 阳光医院 (专有名词)
bright sunshine 明媚的阳光 1. 不可数名词;
2. 课文中指医院的名字。 This conversation happened in a waiting room at Sunshine Hospital.
这段对话发生在阳光医院的候诊室里。
virus
/ va r s/
n. 病毒 carry viruses 携带病毒
spread viruses 传播病毒 1. 复数形式:viruses (加-es)。 Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
嗯,蜡笔可能会携带病毒并传播疾病。
afford
/ f d/
v. 买得起,付得起 can/could afford sth 买得起某物
can afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 1. 常与情态动词 can, could, be able to 连用;
2. 否定形式:can't afford. It just couldn't afford new crayons for every child.
它(医院)根本无法为每个孩子都提供新蜡笔。
disappointment
/ d s p ntm nt/
n. 失望,沮丧;扫兴,沮丧 to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
hide one's disappointment 掩饰失望 1. 动词:disappoint (使失望);
2. 形容词:disappointed (感到失望的) / disappointing (令人失望的)。 Leah didn't want other young patients to feel her disappointment.
利亚不想让其他年轻的病人感受到她的失望。
X-ray
/ eks re /
n. X光检查 take an X-ray 做X光检查
wait for X-rays 等待拍片 1. 复数:X-rays;
2. 注意冠词:an X-ray (因为 X 发音以元音 /e/ 开头)。 It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。
treatment
/ tri tm nt/
n. 治疗,疗法;对待 medical treatment 医疗
get treatment 接受治疗 1. 动词:treat (治疗;对待);
2. 后缀 -ment 构成名词。 It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。
pocket
/ p k t/
n. 衣袋,口袋 pocket money 零花钱
pick one's pocket 扒窃 1. 常用搭配:in one's pocket。 (See 'pocket money' below)
pocket money
/ p k t m ni/
零花钱 save pocket money 攒零花钱 1. 不可数名词 (money)。 Her pocket money was only enough for about 40 boxes.
她的零花钱只够买大约40盒。
illness
/ ln s/
n. 病,疾病 serious illness 重病
because of illness 因为生病 1. 形容词:ill (生病的);
2. 同义词:disease, sickness。 Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores for money, either.
因为生病,她也没法通过做家务来赚钱。
wheelchair
/ wi lt e (r)/
n. 轮椅 in a wheelchair 坐轮椅 1. 构词:wheel (轮子) + chair (椅子)。 She would always be there in her wheelchair.
她总是坐在轮椅上出现在那里。
public
/ p bl k/
adj. 公众的,大众的 in public 公开地
go public 公开;上市 1. 名词:the public (公众)。 Leah's story went public.
利亚的故事被公之于众。
go public
/ɡ p bl k/
公开,公之于众 (story/news) go public 消息公开 1. 动词短语,public 在此作形容词表状态。 Leah's story went public.
利亚的故事被公之于众。
mention
/ men n/
v. 提到,说起,谈到 mention sth to sb 向某人提及某事
don't mention it 别客气/没关系 1. 及物动词,直接接宾语;
2. 写作题常见:Why does the writer mention... Why does the writer mention "brighter pictures" in the end
作者最后为什么要提到“更明亮的图画”?
directly
/d rektli/
adv. 直接地 help directly 直接帮助
speak directly 直接说 1. 形容词:direct (直接的);
2. 常见于指令:Try not to use direct language... Try not to use direct language to give suggestions.
尽量不要用直接的语言给建议。(注:此处引用形容词形式,副词directly用法类似)
solution
/s lu n/
n. 解决,解决方法 solution to the problem 问题的解决办法 1. 动词:solve (解决);
2. 重点搭配:solution to... (注意介词用 to)。 Describe solutions. (Writing outline)
描述解决方案。
bottle
/ b tl/
n. 瓶子 a bottle of... 一瓶...
plastic bottle 塑料瓶 1. 量词用法。 Here is a bottle of water for you.
这有一瓶水给你。
a bottle of
/ b tl v/
一瓶 a bottle of water/milk 一瓶水/牛奶 1. 复数形式:two bottles of...。 Here is a bottle of water for you.
这有一瓶水给你。
exam
/ ɡ z m/
n. 考试 take/pass/fail an exam 参加/通过/挂科
prepare for an exam 备考 1. 全称:examination。 You must return it after the exam.
你必须在考试后归还它。
dialogue
/ da l ɡ/
n. 对话,对白 complete the dialogue 完成对话 1. 常见于练习题指令。 Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.
看图片并完成对话。
flu
/flu /
n. 流行性感冒,流感 have the flu 得了流感
catch the flu 染上流感 1. 通常加定冠词:the flu。 She has the flu and has to stay at home.
她得了流感,必须待在家里。
homeless
/ h ml s/
adj. 无家可归的 homeless animals 流浪动物
homeless people 无家可归的人 1. 构词:home (家) + less (无/缺)。 More homeless animals are coming to the local animal hospitals.
越来越多的流浪动物来到当地的动物医院。
soldier
/ s ld (r)/
n. 士兵,军人 a brave soldier 勇敢的士兵 1. 语境:抗震救灾的英雄。 I can never forget those soldiers, firemen, doctors and nurses.
我永远不会忘记那些士兵、消防员、医生和护士。
fireman
/ fa m n/
n. 消防队员 firemen (复数) 1. 构词:fire (火) + man (人);
2. 同义词:firefighter。 I can never forget those soldiers, firemen...
我永远不会忘记那些士兵、消防员……
against
/ ɡenst/
prep. 反对 race against time 与时间赛跑
be against 反对 1. 介词,不是动词;
2. 反义词:for (支持)。 Day and night, they raced against time to save as many people as possible.
他们日以继夜地与时间赛跑,以拯救尽可能多的人。
graduate
/ ɡr d ue t/
v. 大学毕业 graduate from... 从...毕业 1. 名词形式也是 graduate (毕业生),发音略有不同。 I graduated from college and became a nurse.
我从大学毕业并成为了一名护士。
college
/ k l d /
n. 大学;学院 go to college 上大学
graduate from college 大学毕业 1. 泛指高等教育机构。 I graduated from college and became a nurse.
我从大学毕业并成为了一名护士。
goodwill
/ ɡ d w l/
n. 好意,亲善,友善 a circle of goodwill 爱心循环 1. 构词:good + will (意愿)。 Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness.
爱能引出爱,从而创造出一个善意和仁慈的循环。
means
/mi nz/
n. 手段;方法;工具 by no means 绝不
by means of 通过...方式 1. 单复数同形;
2. 区别:mean (v. 意味着)。 The work was by no means easy.
这项工作绝非易事。
by no means
/ba n mi nz/
绝不,一点儿也不 by no means easy 绝不简单 1. 强调否定语气,相当于 not at all。 The work was by no means easy.
这项工作绝非易事。
lucky
/ l ki/
adj. 运气好的,幸运的 be lucky to do sth 有幸做某事
lucky dog 幸运儿 1. 名词:luck;副词:luckily;
2. 反义词:unlucky。 Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life.
即使在今天,我仍然为生命中有这样一段奇妙的经历而感到幸运。

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