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2026春冀教版英语八年级下册 Unit 5-8 重点语法归纳
Unit 5 Great inventions
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 一般过去时的被动语态
定义：表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作，且主语是动作的承受者。
考点1 构成
was / were + 过去分词
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by...) Paper was invented by Cai Lun. (纸是蔡伦发明的。)
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The car was not made in Germany. (这辆车不是在德国制造的。)
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词... —Were these trees planted last year (这些树是去年种的吗？)
考点2 适用场景
强调动作的接受者，且动作发生在过去。
不知道动作的执行者，或没有必要指出执行者时。
历史事件、发明创造的描述（常见于本单元话题）。
【易错点】主动表被动的情况
某些动词（如 look, sound, smell, taste, feel, sell, write, wash 等）在表示事物的属性或特征时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
例：This kind of paper feels soft. (这种纸摸起来很软。)
例：The book sells well. (这本书卖得很好。)
Unit 5 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The Abacus (算盘) ________ by Chinese people in ancient times.
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
2. —Who ________ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents
3. A new bridge ________ across the river last year.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds
4. These photos ________ in my hometown three years ago.
A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken
5. The story ________ by Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer.
A. was written B. wrote C. is written D. writes
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The bike ________ (buy) by my father yesterday.
7. When ________ the telephone ________ (invent)
8. We ________ (tell) to wait at the bus stop ten minutes ago.
9. Many trees ________ (plant) on the hill last spring.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
China is a great country with a long history. In ancient China, there were many great inventions. Four of them are very famous. They are paper-making, printing, gunpowder and the compass. Paper 10.________ (invent) by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is used for writing and drawing. Printing was developed to make books easier to produce. The compass was used to show directions. It helped people 11.________ (find) their way while sailing on the sea. Gunpowder was used for making firecrackers (鞭炮) at first. These inventions 12.________ (change) the world greatly. They show the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. Today, China is still developing rapidly. More and more new things, like high-speed trains and 5G technology, 13.________ (create) by Chinese scientists. We should be proud 14.________ our country. As students, we should study hard to make our country 15.________ (strong) and better. Do you know any other Chinese inventions Please share 16.________ us.
Unit 6 I love literature!
语法主题：宾语从句 (Object clauses)
定义：在复合句中，作及物动词或介词的宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
考点1 引导词（连接词）的选择
从句类型 引导词 例句
陈述句 that (口语中常省略) He says (that) he loves literature. (他说他热爱文学。)
一般疑问句 if / whether (是否) I wonder if/whether he will come. (我想知道他是否会来。)
特殊疑问句 wh- 词 (what, who, where, when, how, why等) Do you know who wrote this poem (你知道谁写了这首诗吗？)
考点2 语序（陈述语序）
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”。
误：I don't know where is he.
正：I don't know where he is.
考点3 时态呼应
主现从不限：主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
主过从必过：主句是一般过去时，从句须用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。
真理永现：如果从句陈述的是客观真理或自然现象，即便主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
Unit 6 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Could you please tell me ________
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where lives he D. where he live
2. I don't know ________ he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you.
A. if B. that C. when D. why
3. The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. traveling C. travels D. travel
4. —Do you know ________ the book Harry Potter
—Yes. It's very interesting.
A. who wrote B. who did write C. who writes D. whom wrote
5. He asked me ________ I was doing at that time.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. She says that she ________ (like) reading fables.
7. I wanted to know when the train ________ (leave) yesterday.
8. Could you tell me how I can ________ (get) to the library
9. The boy asked his mother if he ________ (can) watch TV.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
I love reading very much. My teacher often tells us 10.________ reading is important. Last week, I borrowed a book from the library. It is called The Little Prince. I asked the librarian 11.________ I could keep the book for two weeks. She said yes. The book tells a story about a little prince from another planet. I wonder 12.________ the prince travelled to the Earth. In the story, he met a fox. The fox told him a secret: "It is only with the heart that one can see rightly." I think 13.________ is true. I really enjoyed the book. I don't know 14.________ wrote it, so I searched on the Internet. It turns out that the writer is a Frenchman. Reading makes me happy. I believe that good books are our best 15.________ (friend). I hope everyone can fall in love 16.________ reading. Do you know 17.________ book I will read next It's Journey to the West!
Unit 7 The value of money
语法主题：定语从句 (Attributive clauses) —— 基础篇
定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
考点1 关系代词的选择 (本单元重点)
关系代词 先行词指代 在从句中的成分 例句
who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who is speaking is my teacher.
which 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the book which I bought yesterday.
that 人或物 主语 / 宾语 The money that you saved is useful.
【注意】只用 that 不用 which 的情况
1. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
2. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。
3. 先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰时。
考点2 主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数必须与先行词保持一致。
例：I like the boy who plays (单数，与 boy 一致) football well.
例：I like the boys who play (复数，与 boys 一致) football well.
Unit 7 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The girl ________ is reading under the tree is my sister.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
2. This is the best movie ________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
3. Money is something ________ is used to buy things.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
4. I like books ________ interesting stories.
A. that tells B. that tell C. who tells D. who tell
5. The money ________ he donated helped many poor children.
A. who B. what C. where D. which
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The boy who ________ (stand) there is Li Ming.
7. I like the songs that ________ (be) popular in the 1990s.
8. This is the pen which I ________ (buy) yesterday.
9. Do you know the man who ________ (talk) to Mr. Wang
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Money plays an important role in our life. But do you know the history of money In the past, people didn't have coins or paper money. They used shells 10.________ were easy to carry as money. Later, people began to use metal coins. Now, we use paper money and coins. We can also use mobile phones to pay. However, money is not everything. There are many things 11.________ money cannot buy, such as time, love and friendship. We should use money wisely. We can save some money 12.________ (buy) books or help others. There are many people 13.________ are in need of help. For example, Ma Xu, an old lady 14.________ donated 10 million yuan to her hometown, is a great person. She sets a good example for us. We should learn from the people 15.________ are kind and generous. Let's try our best to make good use 16.________ money. Remember: Don't let money become your master. You should be the master of 17.________ (it).
Unit 8 Natural disasters
语法主题：构词法 (Word formation)
定义：英语构词法主要有三种：合成法、派生法（前缀和后缀）和转化法。本单元重点学习通过加后缀或前缀来改变词性或词义。
考点1 后缀 (Suffixes)
名词变形容词：
-y: rain → rainy, wind → windy, cloud → cloudy
-ful (充满……的): care → careful, help → helpful, use → useful
-less (无……的): use → useless, care → careless, home → homeless
-al: nature → natural, nation → national
动词变名词：
-er/-or (人): teach → teacher, visit → visitor, invent → inventor
-tion (动作/状态): protect → protection, operate → operation
-ment: develop → development, govern → government
考点2 前缀 (Prefixes)
表示否定或相反意义：
un-: happy → unhappy, lucky → unlucky
dis-: like → dislike, appear → disappear, honest → dishonest
im-: possible → impossible, polite → impolite
考点3 合成法 (Compounding)
由两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新的单词。
earth (地) + quake (震) → earthquake (地震)
rain (雨) + coat (衣) → raincoat (雨衣)
Unit 8 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. We should take care of our environment. It is very ________.
A. importance B. important C. importantly D. import
2. The weather today is ________. It's raining all day.
A. rain B. rains C. rainy D. raining
3. Edison was a great ________. He created many new things.
A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. inventing
4. It is ________ to finish the work in such a short time. No one can do it.
A. possible B. impossible C. possibility D. possibly
5. The naughty boy is very ________. He often breaks things.
A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Thank you for your ________ (kind).
7. The ________ (develop) of science helps us a lot.
8. He felt very ________ (lucky) because he lost his wallet.
9. We need some ________ (music) for the party.
三、短文填空（每空一词，注意词形转换）
Natural disasters are dangerous. Earthquakes, floods and typhoons are common 10.________ (nature) disasters. An earthquake can destroy buildings and roads. It is really 11.________ (frighten). When an earthquake happens, we must keep calm. It is 12.________ (use) to panic (惊慌). We should find a safe place to hide. If we are at school, we can hide under the desks. This can provide some 13.________ (protect). Floods often happen in 14.________ (rain) seasons. Too much water can cause big trouble. Typhoons usually bring strong winds and heavy rain. They are very 15.________ (power). To stay safe, we should listen to the weather report 16.________ (careful). We should also learn some basic safety knowledge. Life is precious. The government and 17.________ (science) are working hard to fight against these disasters. With their help, we can live a safer and 18.________ (happy) life.2026春冀教版英语八年级下册 Unit 5-8 重点语法归纳
Unit 5 Great inventions
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 一般过去时的被动语态
定义：表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作，且主语是动作的承受者。
考点1 构成
was / were + 过去分词
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by...) Paper was invented by Cai Lun. (纸是蔡伦发明的。)
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The car was not made in Germany. (这辆车不是在德国制造的。)
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词... —Were these trees planted last year (这些树是去年种的吗？)
考点2 适用场景
强调动作的接受者，且动作发生在过去。
不知道动作的执行者，或没有必要指出执行者时。
历史事件、发明创造的描述（常见于本单元话题）。
【易错点】主动表被动的情况
某些动词（如 look, sound, smell, taste, feel, sell, write, wash 等）在表示事物的属性或特征时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
例：This kind of paper feels soft. (这种纸摸起来很软。)
例：The book sells well. (这本书卖得很好。)
Unit 5 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The Abacus (算盘) ________ by Chinese people in ancient times.
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
2. —Who ________ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents
3. A new bridge ________ across the river last year.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds
4. These photos ________ in my hometown three years ago.
A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken
5. The story ________ by Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer.
A. was written B. wrote C. is written D. writes
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The bike ________ (buy) by my father yesterday.
7. When ________ the telephone ________ (invent)
8. We ________ (tell) to wait at the bus stop ten minutes ago.
9. Many trees ________ (plant) on the hill last spring.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
China is a great country with a long history. In ancient China, there were many great inventions. Four of them are very famous. They are paper-making, printing, gunpowder and the compass. Paper 10.________ (invent) by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is used for writing and drawing. Printing was developed to make books easier to produce. The compass was used to show directions. It helped people 11.________ (find) their way while sailing on the sea. Gunpowder was used for making firecrackers (鞭炮) at first. These inventions 12.________ (change) the world greatly. They show the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. Today, China is still developing rapidly. More and more new things, like high-speed trains and 5G technology, 13.________ (create) by Chinese scientists. We should be proud 14.________ our country. As students, we should study hard to make our country 15.________ (strong) and better. Do you know any other Chinese inventions Please share 16.________ us.
【参考答案】
1-5: DBBCA (第2题是主动语态询问谁发明了)
6. was bought 7. was; invented 8. were told 9. were planted
10. was invented 11. find/to find 12. changed 13. are created 14. of 15. stronger 16. with
Unit 6 I love literature!
语法主题：宾语从句 (Object clauses)
定义：在复合句中，作及物动词或介词的宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
考点1 引导词（连接词）的选择
从句类型 引导词 例句
陈述句 that (口语中常省略) He says (that) he loves literature. (他说他热爱文学。)
一般疑问句 if / whether (是否) I wonder if/whether he will come. (我想知道他是否会来。)
特殊疑问句 wh- 词 (what, who, where, when, how, why等) Do you know who wrote this poem (你知道谁写了这首诗吗？)
考点2 语序（陈述语序）
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”。
误：I don't know where is he.
正：I don't know where he is.
考点3 时态呼应
主现从不限：主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
主过从必过：主句是一般过去时，从句须用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。
真理永现：如果从句陈述的是客观真理或自然现象，即便主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
Unit 6 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Could you please tell me ________
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where lives he D. where he live
2. I don't know ________ he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you.
A. if B. that C. when D. why
3. The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. traveling C. travels D. travel
4. —Do you know ________ the book Harry Potter
—Yes. It's very interesting.
A. who wrote B. who did write C. who writes D. whom wrote
5. He asked me ________ I was doing at that time.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. She says that she ________ (like) reading fables.
7. I wanted to know when the train ________ (leave) yesterday.
8. Could you tell me how I can ________ (get) to the library
9. The boy asked his mother if he ________ (can) watch TV.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
I love reading very much. My teacher often tells us 10.________ reading is important. Last week, I borrowed a book from the library. It is called The Little Prince. I asked the librarian 11.________ I could keep the book for two weeks. She said yes. The book tells a story about a little prince from another planet. I wonder 12.________ the prince travelled to the Earth. In the story, he met a fox. The fox told him a secret: "It is only with the heart that one can see rightly." I think 13.________ is true. I really enjoyed the book. I don't know 14.________ wrote it, so I searched on the Internet. It turns out that the writer is a Frenchman. Reading makes me happy. I believe that good books are our best 15.________ (friend). I hope everyone can fall in love 16.________ reading. Do you know 17.________ book I will read next It's Journey to the West!
【参考答案】
1-5: BACAC (第3题客观真理用一般现在时)
6. likes 7. left 8. get 9. could (主过从必过)
10. that 11. if/whether 12. why/how 13. it/that 14. who 15. friends 16. with 17. what/which
Unit 7 The value of money
语法主题：定语从句 (Attributive clauses) —— 基础篇
定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
考点1 关系代词的选择 (本单元重点)
关系代词 先行词指代 在从句中的成分 例句
who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who is speaking is my teacher.
which 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the book which I bought yesterday.
that 人或物 主语 / 宾语 The money that you saved is useful.
【注意】只用 that 不用 which 的情况
1. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
2. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。
3. 先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰时。
考点2 主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数必须与先行词保持一致。
例：I like the boy who plays (单数，与 boy 一致) football well.
例：I like the boys who play (复数，与 boys 一致) football well.
Unit 7 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The girl ________ is reading under the tree is my sister.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
2. This is the best movie ________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
3. Money is something ________ is used to buy things.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
4. I like books ________ interesting stories.
A. that tells B. that tell C. who tells D. who tell
5. The money ________ he donated helped many poor children.
A. who B. what C. where D. which
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The boy who ________ (stand) there is Li Ming.
7. I like the songs that ________ (be) popular in the 1990s.
8. This is the pen which I ________ (buy) yesterday.
9. Do you know the man who ________ (talk) to Mr. Wang
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Money plays an important role in our life. But do you know the history of money In the past, people didn't have coins or paper money. They used shells 10.________ were easy to carry as money. Later, people began to use metal coins. Now, we use paper money and coins. We can also use mobile phones to pay. However, money is not everything. There are many things 11.________ money cannot buy, such as time, love and friendship. We should use money wisely. We can save some money 12.________ (buy) books or help others. There are many people 13.________ are in need of help. For example, Ma Xu, an old lady 14.________ donated 10 million yuan to her hometown, is a great person. She sets a good example for us. We should learn from the people 15.________ are kind and generous. Let's try our best to make good use 16.________ money. Remember: Don't let money become your master. You should be the master of 17.________ (it).
【参考答案】
1-5: BACBD (第2题最高级修饰用that; 第4题先行词books复数谓语用tell)
6. stands/is standing 7. were 8. bought 9. is talking/talked
10. which/that 11. that 12. to buy 13. who/that 14. who/that 15. who/that 16. of 17. it
Unit 8 Natural disasters
语法主题：构词法 (Word formation)
定义：英语构词法主要有三种：合成法、派生法（前缀和后缀）和转化法。本单元重点学习通过加后缀或前缀来改变词性或词义。
考点1 后缀 (Suffixes)
名词变形容词：
-y: rain → rainy, wind → windy, cloud → cloudy
-ful (充满……的): care → careful, help → helpful, use → useful
-less (无……的): use → useless, care → careless, home → homeless
-al: nature → natural, nation → national
动词变名词：
-er/-or (人): teach → teacher, visit → visitor, invent → inventor
-tion (动作/状态): protect → protection, operate → operation
-ment: develop → development, govern → government
考点2 前缀 (Prefixes)
表示否定或相反意义：
un-: happy → unhappy, lucky → unlucky
dis-: like → dislike, appear → disappear, honest → dishonest
im-: possible → impossible, polite → impolite
考点3 合成法 (Compounding)
由两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新的单词。
earth (地) + quake (震) → earthquake (地震)
rain (雨) + coat (衣) → raincoat (雨衣)
Unit 8 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. We should take care of our environment. It is very ________.
A. importance B. important C. importantly D. import
2. The weather today is ________. It's raining all day.
A. rain B. rains C. rainy D. raining
3. Edison was a great ________. He created many new things.
A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. inventing
4. It is ________ to finish the work in such a short time. No one can do it.
A. possible B. impossible C. possibility D. possibly
5. The naughty boy is very ________. He often breaks things.
A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Thank you for your ________ (kind).
7. The ________ (develop) of science helps us a lot.
8. He felt very ________ (lucky) because he lost his wallet.
9. We need some ________ (music) for the party.
三、短文填空（每空一词，注意词形转换）
Natural disasters are dangerous. Earthquakes, floods and typhoons are common 10.________ (nature) disasters. An earthquake can destroy buildings and roads. It is really 11.________ (frighten). When an earthquake happens, we must keep calm. It is 12.________ (use) to panic (惊慌). We should find a safe place to hide. If we are at school, we can hide under the desks. This can provide some 13.________ (protect). Floods often happen in 14.________ (rain) seasons. Too much water can cause big trouble. Typhoons usually bring strong winds and heavy rain. They are very 15.________ (power). To stay safe, we should listen to the weather report 16.________ (careful). We should also learn some basic safety knowledge. Life is precious. The government and 17.________ (science) are working hard to fight against these disasters. With their help, we can live a safer and 18.________ (happy) life.
【参考答案】
1-5: BCCBC
6. kindness 7. development 8. unlucky 9. musicians/music
10. natural 11. frightening 12. useless 13. protection 14. rainy 15. powerful 16. carefully 17. scientists 18. happier

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