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2026春外研社版英语八年级下册 Unit 1-3 重点语法归纳
Unit 1 Career talks
语法主题：被动语态 (I) —— 一般现在时与一般将来时
定义：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态（Subject is the doer）和被动语态（Subject is the receiver）。当主语是动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。
考点1 一般现在时的被动语态
表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观真理、现在的状态。
构成： am / is / are + 过去分词 (done)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + done (+ by...) English is spoken by many people. (许多人说英语。)
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + done Jobs are not finished easily. (工作不容易完成。)
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done... —Is the office cleaned every day (办公室每天都打扫吗？)
考点2 一般将来时的被动语态
表示将来某个时间要发生的被动动作。
构成： will be + 过去分词 (done)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + will be + done More jobs will be created in the future. (未来将创造更多工作。)
否定句 主语 + won't be + done The meeting won't be held tomorrow. (明天不会举行会议。)
一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + done... —Will robots be used in hospitals (医院里会使用机器人吗？)
【注意】主动表被动的特殊情况
1. 感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）用主动表被动。
The flower smells sweet. (这花闻起来很香。)
2. 部分动词（sell, write, wash, wear）与 well, easily 等副词连用，表示事物特性时。
This pen writes smoothly. (这支笔写起来很顺滑。)
【易错点】by 短语的省略
当动作执行者不明确（people, someone）、不重要或众所周知时，"by + 执行者" 通常省略。
Unit 1 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Many new jobs ________ thanks to the development of technology.
A. offer B. are offering C. are offered D. offered
2. —Will the sports meeting be held tomorrow
—No, it ________ next Friday.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. holds
3. This kind of cloth ________ soft and comfortable.
A. is felt B. feels C. is feeling D. feel
4. Football ________ all over the world.
A. is playing B. plays C. is played D. played
5. The trees ________ well by the gardener every day.
A. take care of B. are taken care C. are taken care of D. took care of
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Look! The windows ________ (clean) by the students now.
7. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year.
8. English ________ (speak) as a second language in many countries.
9. The stars can’t ________ (see) in the daytime.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Jobs are very important in our lives. In the past, people worked mainly on farms. But now, different kinds of jobs 10.________ (find) in cities. For example, many young people want to be pilots. They think planes are cool. A plane is usually 11.________ (fly) by two pilots. However, with the development of technology, some jobs might disappear. It is said that cars will 12.________ (drive) by computers in the future. So, drivers may lose their jobs. But don't worry. New jobs will 13.________ (create) at the same time. For example, robots need to be 14.________ (fix) when they are broken. So we need robot repairmen. Also, more attention 15.________ (pay) to the environment, so green jobs will be popular. We should study hard. Skills 16.________ (learn) at school today will help us find good jobs tomorrow. Remember, success is 17.________ (achieve) by hard work. What do you want 18.________ (be) in the future
Unit 2 Growing pains and gains
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 一般过去时
定义：表示在过去某一具体时间发生的被动动作。
考点1 构成
was / were + 过去分词 (done)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + done The window was broken yesterday. (窗户昨天被打碎了。)
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + done We were not invited to the party. (我们没有被邀请去派对。)
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + done... —Was the book written by Mo Yan (这本书是莫言写的吗？)
考点2 动词短语的被动语态
动词短语（如 take care of, look after, laugh at）变被动语态时，切勿遗漏后面的介词或副词。
主动：People laughed at him.
被动：He was laughed at by people. (at 不能省)
【规划变化】主动变被动三步走
1. 变宾为主：主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语。
2. 变谓语：动词过去式 → was/were + 过去分词。
3. 变主为宾：主动句的主语 → by + 宾语（常省略）。
【注意】带双宾语的动词
give, show, send, tell 等动词有两个宾语（人+物），变被动时有两种方式：
1. 人作主语：Sb. was given sth.
I was given a book.
2. 物作主语：Sth. was given to sb.
A book was given to me.
Unit 2 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The bridge ________ two years ago.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built
2. —Who ________ the telephone
—Alexander Graham Bell.
A. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented
3. I ________ to the teacher's office yesterday afternoon.
A. ask to go B. asking to go C. was asked to go D. asked to go
4. The children ________ good care of by the teachers in the kindergarten.
A. took B. were taken C. were taken of D. were taken good care of
5. A beautiful present ________ to me on my birthday.
A. gave B. was giving C. was given D. giving
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. My bike ________ (steal) last night.
7. When ________ these photos ________ (take) They look old.
8. The old man ________ (save) by a kind driver yesterday.
9. We ________ (tell) not to play football on the street.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Growing up is full of stories. Last week, a speech competition 10.________ (hold) in our school. I 11.________ (encourage) by my teacher to take part in it. I spent two days writing my speech. Then it was 12.________ (check) and corrected by my English teacher. I practised it many times. On the day of the competition, the hall was 13.________ (fill) with students. When my name was 14.________ (call), I felt very nervous. But when I stood on the stage, I saw my friends smiling at me. I 15.________ (give) confidence. I started my speech. Surprisingly, my speech was listened 16.________ carefully by everyone. In the end, I won the first prize. A nice notebook was 17.________ (award) to me. I was very happy because my hard work was 18.________ (pay) off.
Unit 3 What makes a great team
语法主题：情态动词 (I) —— 建议与义务 (should, have to)
定义：情态动词表示说话人的语气和态度（如建议、必要性、推测等）。本单元重点关注团队合作中提出建议和表达义务的用法。
考点1 should 的用法
含义：“应该”，表示建议、劝告或责任。
肯定句： You should listen to others. (你应该倾听他人。)
否定句： You shouldn't be late. (你不应该迟到。)
疑问句： Should I tell him the truth (我应该告诉他真相吗？)
考点2 have to 的用法
含义：“必须，不得不”，强调客观的需要或责任。
肯定句： We have to finish the work today. (我们今天不得不完成工作。)
否定句（重点）： don't / doesn't have to 意为“不必，没有必要”（相当于 needn't），而不是“不能”。
You don't have to come if you are busy. (如果你忙，你不必来。)
疑问句： Do/Does + 主语 + have to ...
Does he have to wear a uniform (他必须穿制服吗？)
考点3 must 与 have to 的区别
词汇 侧重点 例句
must 主观意愿，强调“我认为必须” I must study hard. (我自己想努力。)
have to 客观情况，强调“被迫，不得不” It's raining. I have to take an umbrella. (下雨了，客观上不得不带伞。)
【易错点】mustn't vs don't have to
1. mustn't 表示“禁止，千万不能”（语气强烈）。
You mustn't smoke here. (此处禁止吸烟。)
2. don't have to 表示“不必”（没有义务）。
You don't have to clean the room. (你不必打扫房间。)
Unit 3 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. —Must I finish the report today
—No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to D. shouldn't
2. To be a good team leader, you ________ listen to your members' ideas.
A. should B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not
3. It's raining hard outside. You ________ stay at home.
A. had to B. have to C. must to D. haven't to
4. You ________ cross the road when the traffic light is red. It's dangerous.
A. don't have to B. needn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't
5. —Does Tom have to join the club
—Yes, he ________. Everyone is required to join one.
A. has B. does C. must D. should
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. You should ________ (discuss) the problem with your partner.
7. He ________ (have) to practice basketball every day.
8. We ________ (not have) to arrive so early. The meeting starts at 10:00.
9. A team member shouldn't ________ (be) selfish.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Teamwork is very important in our daily life. Whether in sports or at school, we often work in teams. To make a great team, everyone 10.________ (should) play their part. First, members 11.________ respect each other. You don't 12.________ to agree with everything, but you should listen carefully. Second, communication is key. You 13.________ share your ideas clearly. If you have a problem, you should talk to your team leader. You 14.________ (must) keep silent. Third, a leader 15.________ to be responsible. He or she should make fair decisions. Sometimes, the team may face difficulties. You 16.________ give up. Instead, you should help each other. Remember, "There is no 'I' in 'team'". We 17.________ work together to achieve our goal. If we do so, success 18.________ be ours.2026春外研社版英语八年级下册 Unit 1-3 重点语法归纳
Unit 1 Career talks
语法主题：被动语态 (I) —— 一般现在时与一般将来时
定义：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态（Subject is the doer）和被动语态（Subject is the receiver）。当主语是动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。
考点1 一般现在时的被动语态
表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观真理、现在的状态。
构成： am / is / are + 过去分词 (done)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + done (+ by...) English is spoken by many people. (许多人说英语。)
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + done Jobs are not finished easily. (工作不容易完成。)
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done... —Is the office cleaned every day (办公室每天都打扫吗？)
考点2 一般将来时的被动语态
表示将来某个时间要发生的被动动作。
构成： will be + 过去分词 (done)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + will be + done More jobs will be created in the future. (未来将创造更多工作。)
否定句 主语 + won't be + done The meeting won't be held tomorrow. (明天不会举行会议。)
一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + done... —Will robots be used in hospitals (医院里会使用机器人吗？)
【注意】主动表被动的特殊情况
1. 感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）用主动表被动。
The flower smells sweet. (这花闻起来很香。)
2. 部分动词（sell, write, wash, wear）与 well, easily 等副词连用，表示事物特性时。
This pen writes smoothly. (这支笔写起来很顺滑。)
【易错点】by 短语的省略
当动作执行者不明确（people, someone）、不重要或众所周知时，"by + 执行者" 通常省略。
Unit 1 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Many new jobs ________ thanks to the development of technology.
A. offer B. are offering C. are offered D. offered
2. —Will the sports meeting be held tomorrow
—No, it ________ next Friday.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. holds
3. This kind of cloth ________ soft and comfortable.
A. is felt B. feels C. is feeling D. feel
4. Football ________ all over the world.
A. is playing B. plays C. is played D. played
5. The trees ________ well by the gardener every day.
A. take care of B. are taken care C. are taken care of D. took care of
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Look! The windows ________ (clean) by the students now.
7. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year.
8. English ________ (speak) as a second language in many countries.
9. The stars can’t ________ (see) in the daytime.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Jobs are very important in our lives. In the past, people worked mainly on farms. But now, different kinds of jobs 10.________ (find) in cities. For example, many young people want to be pilots. They think planes are cool. A plane is usually 11.________ (fly) by two pilots. However, with the development of technology, some jobs might disappear. It is said that cars will 12.________ (drive) by computers in the future. So, drivers may lose their jobs. But don't worry. New jobs will 13.________ (create) at the same time. For example, robots need to be 14.________ (fix) when they are broken. So we need robot repairmen. Also, more attention 15.________ (pay) to the environment, so green jobs will be popular. We should study hard. Skills 16.________ (learn) at school today will help us find good jobs tomorrow. Remember, success is 17.________ (achieve) by hard work. What do you want 18.________ (be) in the future
【参考答案】
1-5: CBBCC (第3题feel系动词主动表被动; 第5题短语动词被动不能丢介词)
6. are being cleaned (现在进行时的被动) 7. will be built 8. is spoken 9. be seen (情态动词被动)
10. are found 11. flown 12. be driven 13. be created 14. fixed 15. is paid 16. learned/learnt 17. achieved 18. to be
Unit 2 Growing pains and gains
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 一般过去时
定义：表示在过去某一具体时间发生的被动动作。
考点1 构成
was / were + 过去分词 (done)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + done The window was broken yesterday. (窗户昨天被打碎了。)
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + done We were not invited to the party. (我们没有被邀请去派对。)
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + done... —Was the book written by Mo Yan (这本书是莫言写的吗？)
考点2 动词短语的被动语态
动词短语（如 take care of, look after, laugh at）变被动语态时，切勿遗漏后面的介词或副词。
主动：People laughed at him.
被动：He was laughed at by people. (at 不能省)
【规划变化】主动变被动三步走
1. 变宾为主：主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语。
2. 变谓语：动词过去式 → was/were + 过去分词。
3. 变主为宾：主动句的主语 → by + 宾语（常省略）。
【注意】带双宾语的动词
give, show, send, tell 等动词有两个宾语（人+物），变被动时有两种方式：
1. 人作主语：Sb. was given sth.
I was given a book.
2. 物作主语：Sth. was given to sb.
A book was given to me.
Unit 2 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The bridge ________ two years ago.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built
2. —Who ________ the telephone
—Alexander Graham Bell.
A. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented
3. I ________ to the teacher's office yesterday afternoon.
A. ask to go B. asking to go C. was asked to go D. asked to go
4. The children ________ good care of by the teachers in the kindergarten.
A. took B. were taken C. were taken of D. were taken good care of
5. A beautiful present ________ to me on my birthday.
A. gave B. was giving C. was given D. giving
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. My bike ________ (steal) last night.
7. When ________ these photos ________ (take) They look old.
8. The old man ________ (save) by a kind driver yesterday.
9. We ________ (tell) not to play football on the street.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Growing up is full of stories. Last week, a speech competition 10.________ (hold) in our school. I 11.________ (encourage) by my teacher to take part in it. I spent two days writing my speech. Then it was 12.________ (check) and corrected by my English teacher. I practised it many times. On the day of the competition, the hall was 13.________ (fill) with students. When my name was 14.________ (call), I felt very nervous. But when I stood on the stage, I saw my friends smiling at me. I 15.________ (give) confidence. I started my speech. Surprisingly, my speech was listened 16.________ carefully by everyone. In the end, I won the first prize. A nice notebook was 17.________ (award) to me. I was very happy because my hard work was 18.________ (pay) off.
【参考答案】
1-5: DACDC (第2题是主动语态询问谁发明的; 第5题物作主语需加to，但被动结构是was given)
6. was stolen 7. were; taken 8. was saved 9. were told
10. was held 11. was encouraged 12. checked 13. filled 14. called 15. was given 16. to 17. awarded 18. paid
Unit 3 What makes a great team
语法主题：情态动词 (I) —— 建议与义务 (should, have to)
定义：情态动词表示说话人的语气和态度（如建议、必要性、推测等）。本单元重点关注团队合作中提出建议和表达义务的用法。
考点1 should 的用法
含义：“应该”，表示建议、劝告或责任。
肯定句： You should listen to others. (你应该倾听他人。)
否定句： You shouldn't be late. (你不应该迟到。)
疑问句： Should I tell him the truth (我应该告诉他真相吗？)
考点2 have to 的用法
含义：“必须，不得不”，强调客观的需要或责任。
肯定句： We have to finish the work today. (我们今天不得不完成工作。)
否定句（重点）： don't / doesn't have to 意为“不必，没有必要”（相当于 needn't），而不是“不能”。
You don't have to come if you are busy. (如果你忙，你不必来。)
疑问句： Do/Does + 主语 + have to ...
Does he have to wear a uniform (他必须穿制服吗？)
考点3 must 与 have to 的区别
词汇 侧重点 例句
must 主观意愿，强调“我认为必须” I must study hard. (我自己想努力。)
have to 客观情况，强调“被迫，不得不” It's raining. I have to take an umbrella. (下雨了，客观上不得不带伞。)
【易错点】mustn't vs don't have to
1. mustn't 表示“禁止，千万不能”（语气强烈）。
You mustn't smoke here. (此处禁止吸烟。)
2. don't have to 表示“不必”（没有义务）。
You don't have to clean the room. (你不必打扫房间。)
Unit 3 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. —Must I finish the report today
—No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to D. shouldn't
2. To be a good team leader, you ________ listen to your members' ideas.
A. should B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not
3. It's raining hard outside. You ________ stay at home.
A. had to B. have to C. must to D. haven't to
4. You ________ cross the road when the traffic light is red. It's dangerous.
A. don't have to B. needn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't
5. —Does Tom have to join the club
—Yes, he ________. Everyone is required to join one.
A. has B. does C. must D. should
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. You should ________ (discuss) the problem with your partner.
7. He ________ (have) to practice basketball every day.
8. We ________ (not have) to arrive so early. The meeting starts at 10:00.
9. A team member shouldn't ________ (be) selfish.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Teamwork is very important in our daily life. Whether in sports or at school, we often work in teams. To make a great team, everyone 10.________ (should) play their part. First, members 11.________ respect each other. You don't 12.________ to agree with everything, but you should listen carefully. Second, communication is key. You 13.________ share your ideas clearly. If you have a problem, you should talk to your team leader. You 14.________ (must) keep silent. Third, a leader 15.________ to be responsible. He or she should make fair decisions. Sometimes, the team may face difficulties. You 16.________ give up. Instead, you should help each other. Remember, "There is no 'I' in 'team'". We 17.________ work together to achieve our goal. If we do so, success 18.________ be ours.
【参考答案】
1-5: CABCB (第1题must疑问句的否定回答用needn't或don't have to; 第5题助动词do提问用do/does回答)
6. discuss 7. has 8. don't have 9. be
10. should 11. should/must 12. have 13. should/must 14. mustn't 15. has 16. shouldn't/mustn't 17. must/should 18. will

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