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2026春沪教牛津版英语八年级下册 Unit 1-4 重点语法归纳
Unit 1 Raising funds
语法主题：被动语态 (I) —— 基础概念与常用时态
定义：英语中语态分为主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。当主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
考点1 被动语态的构成
基本结构： 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 (past participle)。
【规划变化】时态的变化体现在 be 动词上
一般现在时： am / is / are + done
一般过去时： was / were + done
一般将来时： will be + done
考点2 句式变换（以一般现在时为例）
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by...) English is spoken by many people. (许多人说英语。)
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 Trees are not planted in winter. (冬天不植树。)
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词... —Is the room cleaned every day (房间每天都打扫吗？)
【注意】主动变被动的步骤
1. 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把谓语动词变为be + 过去分词（注意保持时态一致）。
3. 把主动句的主语变为 by + 宾语，放在句末（若动作执行者不重要，可省略）。
Active: People grow tea in Hangzhou.
Passive: Tea is grown in Hangzhou (by people).
Unit 1 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Many trees ________ on the hill every year.
A. plant B. are planting C. are planted D. planted
2. The 33rd Olympic Games ________ in Paris in 2024.
A. hold B. held C. were held D. will be held
3. —Who ________ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents
4. This kind of car ________ in Shanghai.
A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made
5. Knives ________ cutting things.
A. are used for B. are used to C. used for D. used to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The classroom ________ (clean) by us every day.
7. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year.
8. The window ________ (break) by the boy yesterday.
9. English ________ (speak) widely around the world.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Charity activities are popular in our school. Every year, a charity sale 10.________ (hold) on the playground. Many things, such as old books and toys, 11.________ (sell) at low prices. The money 12.________ (collect) from the sale is used to help poor students. Last week, we had a charity sale. I 13.________ (ask) to be a seller. At first, I was shy, but soon I became confident. Many books 14.________ (buy) by the students. We were happy that a lot of money 15.________ (raise). All the money will 16.________ (send) to a primary school in the countryside next week. We hope the students there can have a better life. Charity is a way of 17.________ (show) love. It 18.________ (believe) that small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
Unit 2 Body language
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 特殊用法与情态动词
本单元继续深入学习被动语态，重点在于含情态动词的被动语态以及一些特殊动词的被动用法。
考点1 含情态动词的被动语态
结构： 情态动词 (can, may, must, should) + be + 过去分词
肯定句： The work must be finished today. (这项工作必须今天完成。)
否定句： Cars should not be parked here. (车不应该停在这里。)
疑问句： Can the magazine be taken out (这本杂志能带出去吗？)
考点2 无被动语态的词 (必考易错点)
【易错点】以下情况不能用被动语态
1. 不及物动词： happen, take place, break out, appear, disappear 等。
误：The accident was happened yesterday.
正：The accident happened yesterday.
2. 连系动词： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等，用主动形式表被动含义。
The music sounds nice. (音乐听起来不错。)
考点3 使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
make, let, have, see, hear, watch 等词，在主动语态中接不带 to 的不定式（do），但在被动语态中必须还原 to。
主动：The boss made him work all day.
被动：He was made to work all day (by the boss).
Unit 2 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Teenagers should ________ to choose their own clothes.
A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. be allowed
2. The baby is made ________ crying by the nurse.
A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
3. Good medicine ________ bitter (苦).
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste D. are tasted
4. Great changes ________ in our hometown in the last few years.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. were taken place
5. The books ________ out of the reading room.
A. must take B. mustn't take C. must be taken D. mustn't be taken
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The work can ________ (finish) in two days.
7. He was seen ________ (enter) the room just now.
8. This kind of cloth ________ (feel) soft and comfortable.
9. Stars can't ________ (see) in the daytime.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Body language is important in communication. Sometimes, feelings can be 10.________ (express) without words. For example, a smile usually means friendliness. In many cultures, nodding 11.________ (use) to show agreement. However, gestures may have different meanings in different countries. In China, people often shake hands when they meet. But in Japan, people usually bow. We should be careful. Rude gestures shouldn't 12.________ (use). For example, pointing at others with your finger is 13.________ (consider) impolite in many places. Eye contact is also a kind of body language. In some Western countries, you are expected 14.________ (look) at the person when you talk. But in some Asian countries, looking at older people continuously might be seen 15.________ rude. Body language helps us understand each other better. It can 16.________ (say) that actions speak louder than words. If body language is used 17.________ (proper), our communication will be smoother. We should learn more about it to avoid 18.________ (misunderstand).
Unit 3 Traditional skills
语法主题：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构 (Wh- word + to-infinitive)
定义：疑问词（who, what, which, when, where, how 等）后接动词不定式（to do），构成一种特殊结构，在句中常作宾语，有时也可作主语或表语。
考点1 基本构成与功能
结构： Question word + to do sth.
作宾语（最常见）： I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。)
作主语： How to solve the problem is important. (如何解决这个问题很重要。)
作表语： The question is where to go. (问题是去哪里。)
考点2 疑问词的选择
根据句意选择正确的疑问词：
what to do: 做什么（do 缺宾语）
how to do it: 怎么做这件事（do 有宾语 it，用 how）
where to go: 去哪里
when to start: 什么时候开始
which to choose: 选择哪一个
【易错点】why 不能与不定式连用
英语中没有 why to do 的结构。若要表示“为什么做”，通常用从句 why we should do...。
考点3 与宾语从句的转换 (拓展)
“疑问词 + 不定式”常可转换为由该疑问词引导的宾语从句（主语通常与主句主语一致）。
I don't know what to do.
= I don't know what I should do.
Unit 3 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Can you tell me ________ the computer
A. how to use B. what to use C. how use D. what use
2. I haven't decided ________ for the holiday.
A. where go B. where to go C. when go D. why to go
3. The guide book tells us ________ to visit the museum.
A. best time B. when is the best time C. when the best time is D. when is the best time to
4. She is new here. She doesn't know ________ to talk to.
A. who B. when C. how D. where
5. —Could you tell me ________ the problem
—Sorry, I don't know, either.
A. what to solve B. how to solve C. when to solve D. why to solve
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Please tell us when ________ (start) the meeting.
7. He is learning how ________ (make) a Chinese knot.
8. I am not sure which one ________ (choose).
9. The teacher showed us how ________ (write) the character.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese art. Many people like it, but beginners often don't know 10.________ (how) to start. First, you need to decide 11.________ to cut. You can choose flowers, animals or characters. Second, you need to learn how 12.________ (hold) the scissors correctly. It is not easy. You may ask a teacher for help if you don't know 13.________ to do it. The teacher will show you 14.________ to cut simple shapes. My grandmother is good at paper cutting. She often teaches me. Yesterday, she taught me how to make a paper butterfly. I didn't know where 15.________ put the finished picture. She told me 16.________ stick it on the window. Now I am learning 17.________ (make) more complex pictures. It takes time to learn, but I really enjoy deciding which colour 18.________ (use) and creating beautiful things.
Unit 4 Cartoons
语法主题：现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
考点1 构成与基本用法
结构： have / has + 过去分词 (done)
用法1（影响/结果）： I have lost my key. (我把钥匙弄丢了 → 结果：我现在进不去门)
用法2（持续）： She has lived here for ten years. (她住在这里十年了 → 现在还在住)
考点2 标志词 (Key Words)
already (肯定句), yet (否定/疑问句句末)
just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不)
for + 时间段 (e.g., for 2 years)
since + 过去时间点/从句 (e.g., since 2010, since I came here)
考点3 难点辨析：have been to / have gone to
短语 含义 语境线索
have been to 去过某地（已回来） 常与 ever, never, twice 连用。
I have been to Beijing twice.
have gone to 去了某地（未回来） 人不在说话现场。
Where is Tom He has gone to the library.
have been in 在某地待了多久 常与 for/since 连用，表持续。
I have been in Shanghai for a month.
【规划变化】瞬间动词的转换
在肯定句中，瞬间动词（短暂性动词）不能与 for/since 连用，需转为延续性动词：
buy → have; borrow → keep; die → be dead; join → be in / be a member of; leave → be away.
Unit 4 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. —Where is your father
—He ________ Australia. He will come back next week.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to
2. I ________ the book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
3. —Have you ________ seen the cartoon Monkey King
—No, ________.
A. ever; ever B. never; never C. ever; never D. never; ever
4. My grandparents ________ in that village since 1980.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
5. The famous writer ________ for five years, but his books are still popular.
A. died B. has died C. was dying D. has been dead
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. I ________ (see) the film Nezha twice.
7. She ________ (not finish) drawing the picture yet.
8. Mr. Li ________ (teach) us art since he came to our school.
9. My brother ________ (join) the cartoon club two years ago.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Cartoons are loved by people of all ages. I am a cartoon fan. I 10.________ (watch) many cartoons since I was a child. My favourite character is Mickey Mouse. He 11.________ (bring) happiness to people for nearly 100 years. I 12.________ (buy) many toy figures of Mickey Mouse. I have 13.________ (keep) them in my bedroom for a long time. Recently, Chinese cartoons have become very popular. I have 14.________ (see) the movie Chang'an. It is amazing! Have you 15.________ (ever) watched it It tells stories about Li Bai and Gao Shi. The movie 16.________ (win) the hearts of many young people. My friend Tom has 17.________ (go) to the cinema to watch it. He hasn't come back 18.________ (yet). I believe Chinese cartoons will be even better in the future.2026春沪教牛津版英语八年级下册 Unit 1-4 重点语法归纳
Unit 1 Raising funds
语法主题：被动语态 (I) —— 基础概念与常用时态
定义：英语中语态分为主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。当主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
考点1 被动语态的构成
基本结构： 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 (past participle)。
【规划变化】时态的变化体现在 be 动词上
一般现在时： am / is / are + done
一般过去时： was / were + done
一般将来时： will be + done
考点2 句式变换（以一般现在时为例）
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by...) English is spoken by many people. (许多人说英语。)
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 Trees are not planted in winter. (冬天不植树。)
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词... —Is the room cleaned every day (房间每天都打扫吗？)
【注意】主动变被动的步骤
1. 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把谓语动词变为be + 过去分词（注意保持时态一致）。
3. 把主动句的主语变为 by + 宾语，放在句末（若动作执行者不重要，可省略）。
Active: People grow tea in Hangzhou.
Passive: Tea is grown in Hangzhou (by people).
Unit 1 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Many trees ________ on the hill every year.
A. plant B. are planting C. are planted D. planted
2. The 33rd Olympic Games ________ in Paris in 2024.
A. hold B. held C. were held D. will be held
3. —Who ________ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents
4. This kind of car ________ in Shanghai.
A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made
5. Knives ________ cutting things.
A. are used for B. are used to C. used for D. used to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The classroom ________ (clean) by us every day.
7. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year.
8. The window ________ (break) by the boy yesterday.
9. English ________ (speak) widely around the world.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Charity activities are popular in our school. Every year, a charity sale 10.________ (hold) on the playground. Many things, such as old books and toys, 11.________ (sell) at low prices. The money 12.________ (collect) from the sale is used to help poor students. Last week, we had a charity sale. I 13.________ (ask) to be a seller. At first, I was shy, but soon I became confident. Many books 14.________ (buy) by the students. We were happy that a lot of money 15.________ (raise). All the money will 16.________ (send) to a primary school in the countryside next week. We hope the students there can have a better life. Charity is a way of 17.________ (show) love. It 18.________ (believe) that small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
【参考答案】
1-5: CDBCA (第3题询问谁发明了，用主动语态；第5题be used for doing被用来做)
6. is cleaned 7. will be built 8. was broken 9. is spoken
10. is held 11. are sold 12. collected (过去分词作定语) 13. was asked 14. were bought 15. was raised 16. be sent 17. showing 18. is believed
Unit 2 Body language
语法主题：被动语态 (II) —— 特殊用法与情态动词
本单元继续深入学习被动语态，重点在于含情态动词的被动语态以及一些特殊动词的被动用法。
考点1 含情态动词的被动语态
结构： 情态动词 (can, may, must, should) + be + 过去分词
肯定句： The work must be finished today. (这项工作必须今天完成。)
否定句： Cars should not be parked here. (车不应该停在这里。)
疑问句： Can the magazine be taken out (这本杂志能带出去吗？)
考点2 无被动语态的词 (必考易错点)
【易错点】以下情况不能用被动语态
1. 不及物动词： happen, take place, break out, appear, disappear 等。
误：The accident was happened yesterday.
正：The accident happened yesterday.
2. 连系动词： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等，用主动形式表被动含义。
The music sounds nice. (音乐听起来不错。)
考点3 使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
make, let, have, see, hear, watch 等词，在主动语态中接不带 to 的不定式（do），但在被动语态中必须还原 to。
主动：The boss made him work all day.
被动：He was made to work all day (by the boss).
Unit 2 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Teenagers should ________ to choose their own clothes.
A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. be allowed
2. The baby is made ________ crying by the nurse.
A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
3. Good medicine ________ bitter (苦).
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste D. are tasted
4. Great changes ________ in our hometown in the last few years.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. were taken place
5. The books ________ out of the reading room.
A. must take B. mustn't take C. must be taken D. mustn't be taken
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The work can ________ (finish) in two days.
7. He was seen ________ (enter) the room just now.
8. This kind of cloth ________ (feel) soft and comfortable.
9. Stars can't ________ (see) in the daytime.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Body language is important in communication. Sometimes, feelings can be 10.________ (express) without words. For example, a smile usually means friendliness. In many cultures, nodding 11.________ (use) to show agreement. However, gestures may have different meanings in different countries. In China, people often shake hands when they meet. But in Japan, people usually bow. We should be careful. Rude gestures shouldn't 12.________ (use). For example, pointing at others with your finger is 13.________ (consider) impolite in many places. Eye contact is also a kind of body language. In some Western countries, you are expected 14.________ (look) at the person when you talk. But in some Asian countries, looking at older people continuously might be seen 15.________ rude. Body language helps us understand each other better. It can 16.________ (say) that actions speak louder than words. If body language is used 17.________ (proper), our communication will be smoother. We should learn more about it to avoid 18.________ (misunderstand).
【参考答案】
1-5: DBAAD (第3题系动词无被动；第4题take place无被动；第5题含情态动词的被动)
6. be finished 7. to enter 8. feels 9. be seen
10. expressed 11. is used 12. be used 13. considered 14. to look 15. as 16. be said 17. properly 18. misunderstandings
Unit 3 Traditional skills
语法主题：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构 (Wh- word + to-infinitive)
定义：疑问词（who, what, which, when, where, how 等）后接动词不定式（to do），构成一种特殊结构，在句中常作宾语，有时也可作主语或表语。
考点1 基本构成与功能
结构： Question word + to do sth.
作宾语（最常见）： I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。)
作主语： How to solve the problem is important. (如何解决这个问题很重要。)
作表语： The question is where to go. (问题是去哪里。)
考点2 疑问词的选择
根据句意选择正确的疑问词：
what to do: 做什么（do 缺宾语）
how to do it: 怎么做这件事（do 有宾语 it，用 how）
where to go: 去哪里
when to start: 什么时候开始
which to choose: 选择哪一个
【易错点】why 不能与不定式连用
英语中没有 why to do 的结构。若要表示“为什么做”，通常用从句 why we should do...。
考点3 与宾语从句的转换 (拓展)
“疑问词 + 不定式”常可转换为由该疑问词引导的宾语从句（主语通常与主句主语一致）。
I don't know what to do.
= I don't know what I should do.
Unit 3 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Can you tell me ________ the computer
A. how to use B. what to use C. how use D. what use
2. I haven't decided ________ for the holiday.
A. where go B. where to go C. when go D. why to go
3. The guide book tells us ________ to visit the museum.
A. best time B. when is the best time C. when the best time is D. when is the best time to
4. She is new here. She doesn't know ________ to talk to.
A. who B. when C. how D. where
5. —Could you tell me ________ the problem
—Sorry, I don't know, either.
A. what to solve B. how to solve C. when to solve D. why to solve
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Please tell us when ________ (start) the meeting.
7. He is learning how ________ (make) a Chinese knot.
8. I am not sure which one ________ (choose).
9. The teacher showed us how ________ (write) the character.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese art. Many people like it, but beginners often don't know 10.________ (how) to start. First, you need to decide 11.________ to cut. You can choose flowers, animals or characters. Second, you need to learn how 12.________ (hold) the scissors correctly. It is not easy. You may ask a teacher for help if you don't know 13.________ to do it. The teacher will show you 14.________ to cut simple shapes. My grandmother is good at paper cutting. She often teaches me. Yesterday, she taught me how to make a paper butterfly. I didn't know where 15.________ put the finished picture. She told me 16.________ stick it on the window. Now I am learning 17.________ (make) more complex pictures. It takes time to learn, but I really enjoy deciding which colour 18.________ (use) and creating beautiful things.
【参考答案】
1-5: ABCA B (第1题how to use sth; 第5题solve sth用how; 第2题where to go; 第4题talk to who)
6. to start 7. to make 8. to choose 9. to write
10. how 11. what 12. to hold 13. how 14. how 15. to 16. to 17. to make 18. to use
Unit 4 Cartoons
语法主题：现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
考点1 构成与基本用法
结构： have / has + 过去分词 (done)
用法1（影响/结果）： I have lost my key. (我把钥匙弄丢了 → 结果：我现在进不去门)
用法2（持续）： She has lived here for ten years. (她住在这里十年了 → 现在还在住)
考点2 标志词 (Key Words)
already (肯定句), yet (否定/疑问句句末)
just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不)
for + 时间段 (e.g., for 2 years)
since + 过去时间点/从句 (e.g., since 2010, since I came here)
考点3 难点辨析：have been to / have gone to
短语 含义 语境线索
have been to 去过某地（已回来） 常与 ever, never, twice 连用。
I have been to Beijing twice.
have gone to 去了某地（未回来） 人不在说话现场。
Where is Tom He has gone to the library.
have been in 在某地待了多久 常与 for/since 连用，表持续。
I have been in Shanghai for a month.
【规划变化】瞬间动词的转换
在肯定句中，瞬间动词（短暂性动词）不能与 for/since 连用，需转为延续性动词：
buy → have; borrow → keep; die → be dead; join → be in / be a member of; leave → be away.
Unit 4 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. —Where is your father
—He ________ Australia. He will come back next week.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to
2. I ________ the book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
3. —Have you ________ seen the cartoon Monkey King
—No, ________.
A. ever; ever B. never; never C. ever; never D. never; ever
4. My grandparents ________ in that village since 1980.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
5. The famous writer ________ for five years, but his books are still popular.
A. died B. has died C. was dying D. has been dead
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. I ________ (see) the film Nezha twice.
7. She ________ (not finish) drawing the picture yet.
8. Mr. Li ________ (teach) us art since he came to our school.
9. My brother ________ (join) the cartoon club two years ago.
三、短文填空（每空一词）
Cartoons are loved by people of all ages. I am a cartoon fan. I 10.________ (watch) many cartoons since I was a child. My favourite character is Mickey Mouse. He 11.________ (bring) happiness to people for nearly 100 years. I 12.________ (buy) many toy figures of Mickey Mouse. I have 13.________ (keep) them in my bedroom for a long time. Recently, Chinese cartoons have become very popular. I have 14.________ (see) the movie Chang'an. It is amazing! Have you 15.________ (ever) watched it It tells stories about Li Bai and Gao Shi. The movie 16.________ (win) the hearts of many young people. My friend Tom has 17.________ (go) to the cinema to watch it. He hasn't come back 18.________ (yet). I believe Chinese cartoons will be even better in the future.
【参考答案】
1-5: BDC C D (第2题borrow非延续，用have kept；第5题die非延续，用has been dead)
6. have seen 7. hasn't finished 8. has taught 9. joined (ago用过去时)
10. have watched 11. has brought 12. have bought 13. kept 14. seen 15. ever 16. has won 17. gone 18. yet

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