资源简介 30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划Day 18:分词用法 (doing/done) 作定语与状语一、 核心逻辑:Doing 与 Done 的本质区别这是分词学习的“总开关”,必须死记硬背且深刻理解。-形式 语法名称 核心含义 1:语态 核心含义 2:时态 经典例词V-ing 现分(Present Participle) 主动 (Active) 进行 (Progressive) falling leaves (正在飘落的叶子)V-ed 过分(Past Participle) 被动 (Passive) 完成 (Completed) fallen leaves (落叶/已落下的)-扩展:boiling water = 正在沸腾的水(主动/进行)boiled water = 开水(已烧开的水/完成)developing countries = 发展中国家(正在发展)developed countries = 发达国家(已发展完成)二、 分词作定语 (Attribute):修饰名词1. 位置规则:前置与后置①单个分词,放在名词前(前置定语):例:a sleeping baby (一个正在睡觉的婴儿) 例:a broken cup (一个被打碎的杯子)②分词短语,放在名词后(后置定语): (中考重难点)例:The girl standing under the tree is my sister.(= The girl who is standing under the tree...)例:The book written by Mo Yan is popular.(= The book which was written by Mo Yan...)2. 情感类分词辨析 (Interesting vs. Interested)这是分词作表语/定语的高频考点。1 -ing 分词(令人……的): 修饰物,说明事物的特征。例:The news is exciting. / an interesting book.②-ed 分词(感到……的): 修饰人,说明人的心理状态。例:I am excited. / an interested look (专注的表情 - 表情是人的延伸).三、 分词作状语 (Adverbial):修饰全句这是初中向高中过渡的高阶考点,也是写作中的“提分利器”。1. 核心铁律:逻辑主语一致性分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。①主动关系→用 Doing例: Hearing the bad news, she cried.解析: 哭的人是她,听见消息的人也是她。(She heard...)②被动关系→用 Done第 44 页 共 85 页例: Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.解析: 公园看起来很美,公园是被看。(The park is seen...)2. 常见错误示范 (纠错题常客)(×)Walking in the park, the flowers are beautiful.解析: 花不能走路。逻辑主语不一致。(√)Walking in the park, I saw beautiful flowers.四、 独立主格与固定搭配1. 固定搭配(独立于主语之外)有些分词短语已经固化为插入语,不受“逻辑主语一致性”限制,写作时可放心使用:Generally speaking (一般来说)Judging from (从……判断)Including (包括)According to (根据…… - 虽是介词短语,常与分词考点混淆)2. “With + 宾语 + 宾补”结构with the door open (adj.)with the dog following me (主动→doing)with the work finished (被动/完成→done)五、记忆技巧①“翻译法”:翻译成“正在……的”或“令人……的”→选 -ing。翻译成“被……的”或“感到……的” → 选 -ed。②后置定语还原法:看到名词后跟着动词形式,试着加个 who is/which is。The boy (who is) called Tom. → 被叫作,用 Done。The boy (who is) calling you. →主动叫,用 Doing。③状语看主语:做状语题,先圈出句子主语(逗号后第一个词),问自己:是它发出的动作(Doing),还是它承受动作(Done)?第 45 页 共 85 页30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划Day 18:分词用法 (doing/done) 作定语与状语【配套练习】姓名: 日期: 分数:一、 单项选择【考点:逻辑主语判断、定语后置规律及情感形容词辨析。】1.(2024·江苏模拟)—Do you know the boy ________ under the big tree — Yes, he is my cousin, Li Ming.A. stood B. standing C. stands D. to stand2.(2023·武汉) The book ________ by Mo Yan is very popular among students.A. writing B. writes C. written D. wrote3.(2022·北京) ________ from the top of the hill, the whole city looks like a beautiful picture.A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See4.(2024·预测) ________ the bad news, tears ran down her face.A. Hearing B. Heard C. To hear D. Hear5.(2021·上海) There is a sign on the wall ________ "No Smoking".A. said B. saying C. says D. to say6.(2023·重庆)Most young people find the program "The Readers" very ________.A. exciting B. excited C. excitement D. excite7.(2022·广东) ________ careful, or you will make mistakes in the exam.A. Being B. To be C. Be D. Been8.(2024·四川模拟) The woman ________ at the meeting is our new English teacher.A. speaking B. spoken C. speaks D. speak9.(2022·杭州) ________ more time, I could have done it better.A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Give10.(2023·天津) Don't drink the ________ water. It's too hot.A. boiled B. boiling C. boil D. boils二、 用所给词的适当形式填空【考点:词性转换与分词功能辨析。】11.(2024·模拟) Look at the ________ (break) glass on the floor. Be careful!12.(2022·河南)We should do something to stop the ________ (pollute) water from flowing into the river.13.(2023·河北) ________ (compare) with 2020, the number of tourists increased by 20% this year.14.(2024·预测) She sat by the window, ________ (read) a novel quietly.三、 综合应用:句子翻译与改错【考点:分词做状语的逻辑一致性与后置定语应用。】15.(翻译) 那个叫汤姆的男孩是我的朋友。(使用分词作后置定语) The boy ________________________ is my friend.16.(翻译) 既然你知道了真相,你就应该告诉他。(使用分词作状语) ________________________ the truth, you should tellhim.17.(改 错 ) Walking (A) in the park, beautiful flowers (B) could be seen (C) everywhere. 错 误 项 : ______ 改 正 :____________18.(翻译) 听到这个令人兴奋的消息,他跳了起来。(注意 interesting/interested 的区别) Hearing the ________________________ news, he jumped up.第 46 页 共 85 页Day18. 分词用法 (doing/done) 作定语与状语参考答案与详解第一部分:单项选择1.B | 【解析】[主动定语] 那个“正站”在树下的男孩。Boy 与 stand 是主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,用 standing。2.C | 【解析】[被动定语] 书是被写的。Book 与 write 是被动关系,用过去分词 written。3.B | 【解析】[状语逻辑] 句子的主语是 the city。城市“被看”,所以用 Seen。如果是 Seeing,主语必须是人。4.A | 【解析】[状语逻辑] 句子的主语是 tears (眼泪)?不对!注意陷阱。 原题修正:这里是一道典型的错题陷阱。 标准语境应为 "Hearing the bad news, she cried." 或 "When she heard..."。如果主语是 tears,选 A 也是错误的(眼泪不能听)。但中考常见考法通常默认主语是隐含的“她”。 严谨解析: 若主语是 She,她“听见”是主动,选 A。若主语是 Tears,此题无解(这是中考命题的逻辑坑,需选 A 对应的逻辑主语应为人)。5.B | 【解析】[特殊用法] 标语、信件、标志上“写着/说”,英语习惯用 active voice (say/read)。Sign saying...(写着……的牌子)。6.A | 【解析】[情感形容词] 节目(program)是物,令人兴奋的,用 exciting。7.C | 【解析】[祈使句] 逗号后有 or,前面是祈使句结构 "Be..., or...",不要混淆为分词。8.A | 【解析】[主动定语] 正在发言的妇女,主动进行,用 speaking。9.B | 【解析】[被动状语] 主语是 I。我“被给”更多时间。Given more time = If I was given more time.10.B | 【解析】[时态辨析] boiling water (正在沸腾的水/开水) vs. boiled water (凉白开/已烧开过的水)。根据 toohot 可知是正在沸腾或滚烫的,强调状态,boiling 更符合语境;若指熟水,boiled 亦可。中考常考 boiling 强调“滚烫”。第二部分:语法填空11.broken | 【解析】被打破的玻璃,表示状态/被动。12.polluted | 【解析】被污染的水,polluted 作定语。pared | 【解析】固定搭配 Compared with... (与……相比),逻辑上是“被比较”。14.reading | 【解析】伴随状语,她坐着,同时读着书(主动),用 reading。第三部分:综合应用15.called / named Tom | 【解析】被叫作,用过去分词作后置定语。16.Knowing | 【解析】Knowing the truth... (因为/既然)知道真相,主动关系。17.A | When I was walking (或将后半句改为 I saw beautiful flowers) | 【解析】[逻辑主语错误] 鲜花(flowers)不能在公园里散步(walking)。必须修改主语或状语。18.exciting | 【解析】修饰 news (物),用 exciting。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 【30天早背晚练】初中英语语法强基训练计划Day 18.pdf 初中英语语法强基30天训练计划(答案)_18.pdf