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Day22. 现在完成时：基础结构、标志词 (already/yet/for/since) 与瞬间/延续动词转换
参考答案与详解
第一部分：单项选择
1.B | 【解析】yet 用于疑问句（已经）和否定句（还未）；already 通常用于肯定句。
2.B | 【解析】has gone to 表示“去了未回”；has been to 表示“去过已回”。由“一小时后回来”可知人不
在。
3.C | 【解析】[核心陷阱] buy 是瞬间动词，不能与 for three years 连用，需改为延续性的 have had。
4.B | 【解析】get married 是瞬间动作，表示状态的延续用 be married。
5.C | 【解析】since + 过去的时间点，主句用现在完成时。
6.A | 【解析】第一空：人不在家，去了北京，用 has gone；第二空：去过两次（经历），用 has been。
7.C | 【解析】since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。
8.B | 【解析】begin 是瞬间动词，不能与 for ten minutes 连用，需改为 be on。
9.C | 【解析】join 是瞬间动词，表示“入伍/入团”后的状态持续用 be in。
10.B | 【解析】[易错点] 问句中有 when 或答语中有具体过去时间（two days ago），必须用一般过去时，不
能用现完。
第二部分：语法填空
11.kept | 【解析】for 引导的一段时间，动词用延续性的 keep。
12.left | 【解析】“It is + 时间 + since + 一般过去时”固定句型。
13.been closed | 【解析】close 是瞬间动词，表示“关着”的状态持续用 be closed。
14.been | 【解析】die 为瞬间动词，与 for 连用改为 be dead。
15.haven't seen | 【解析】since 结构标志着主句用现在完成时。
第三部分：综合应用
16.have lived here | 【解析】住在这里是一个持续的状态。
17.C | been in / been a member of | 【解析】How long 提问一段时间，不能用瞬间动词 join。
18.has been over for | 【解析】finish/end 需转换为 be over，一段时间前加 for。30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 22：现在完成时：基础结构、标志词 (already/yet/for/since) 与瞬间/延续动词转换
一、 核心概念与结构
1. 定义：
用法 A（影响）： 动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响或结果。
例：I have lost my key. (钥匙丢了 → 结果：我现在进不去门)
用法 B（持续）： 动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在（甚至可能继续下去）。
例：He has lived here for ten years. (十年前住这 → 现在还住这)
二、句型结构 (S + have/has + P.P.) 注释：P.P. (Past Participle) = 过去分词
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句型 结构 典型例句
肯定句 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 She has finished her work.
否定句 主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 I haven't seen the movie.
疑问句 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Has he arrived yet
-
二、核心标志词与搭配
中考单选和完形填空的“题眼”。
1. already / yet / just
already (已经)： 用于肯定句，通常放在 have/has 之后，done 之前；或句末（表惊讶）。
yet (还，已经)： 用于否定句（还未）和疑问句（已经），通常放句末。
just (刚刚)： 用于肯定句，放在 have/has 和 done 中间。
2. for / since (持续性用法的标配)
这是区分“瞬间”与“延续”的关键信号。
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关键词 搭配规则 典型例句
for for + 一段时间 I have studied English for 3 years.
since since + 过去的时间点 I have been here since 2020.
since since + 一般过去时的句子 I have known him since he was a child.
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需注意： For 牵着“段”，Since 指着“点”。 Since 后接从句时，主句现完，从句过去（“前完后过”）。
三、 中考重难点：瞬间动词 vs. 延续性动词
这是中考考查现在完成时的核心难点。 原则： 瞬间动词（点动词）表示短暂的动作，不能与 for/since 表示一段时间
的状语连用。若要连用，必须进行词义转换。
解题步骤：看到 for 或 since，确定句子强调“延续”。检查动词是否为瞬间动词（如 die, buy, borrow）。若是，将其替
换为对应的状态动词或短语。
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※重点：高频转换对照表
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瞬间动词 (不可接 →延续性动词/状态 (可接 瞬间动词 (不可接 →延续性动词/状态 (可接
for/since) for/since) for/since) for/since)
borrow (借入) →keep (保存) buy (买) →have (拥有)
die (死) →be dead leave (离开) →be away (from)
join (加入) →be in / be a member of begin / start (开始) →be on
open (打开) →be open close (关闭) →be closed
arrive / come / go →be in / be at finish / end →be over
marry (结婚) →be married Fall asleep →be asleep
-
举例理解：
(×) He has died for two years. (√) He has been dead for two years.
(×) I have bought the book for a week. (√) I have had the book for a week.
四、 难点辨析：have been to / gone to / been in
这是完形填空和单选的高频辨析点。
1.have been to: 去过（已回）。强调经历。
例: I have been to Beijing twice. (我人现在不在北京)
2.have gone to: 去了（未回）。人不在说话现场。
例: — Where is Tom — He has gone to the library.
3.have been in: 待在（常与 for/since 连用）。
例: He has been in Shanghai for a month. (人现在还在上海)
五、 现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时
一般过去时： 强调动作发生的时间（yesterday, last year, just now, in 1990）。与现在无关。
现在完成时： 强调动作造成的影响或持续。与现在有关。
陷阱提示： 如果句子里出现了 When (什么时候) 提问，或者具体的时间状语 (just now)，绝对不能用现在完成时，必
须用一般过去时。
(×) When have you arrived
(√) When did you arrive
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 22：现在完成时：基础结构、标志词 (already/yet/for/since) 与瞬间/延续动词转换【配套练习】
姓名： 日期： 分数：
一、 单项选择【目标：辨析标志词、瞬间动词陷阱及 have been/gone 区别。】
1.(2024·江苏模拟)—Have you finished your project ________ — No, not ________. I need another two hours.
A. already; yet B. yet; yet C. already; already D. yet; already
2.(2023·武汉)—Where is your sister — She ________ to the library. She will be back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
3.(2022·北京) I ________ this bike for three years, and it is still in good condition.
A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. have borrowed
4.(2024·预测)—How long ________ your parents ________ married — For twenty years.
A. have; got B. have; been C. did; get D. were; being
5.(2023·上海)Mr. Smith ________ in this school since he moved to this city in 2015.
A. taught B. teaches C. has taught D. is teaching
6.(2022·广东)— Is your father at home — No, he ________ to Beijing on business. He ________ there twice.
A. has gone; has been B. has been; has gone C. went; has been D. has gone; went
7.(2021·天津)We ________ each other since we were in primary school.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. are knowing
8.(2024·模拟预测) The movie ________ for ten minutes. You’d better hurry up.
A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. was on
9.(2023·重庆)My brother ________ the League for two years.
A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. joins
10.(2022·南京)—When ________ you ________ the letter — Two days ago.
A. have; received B. did; receive C. will; receive D. do; receive
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空【目标：考查瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。】
11.(2024·模拟) I have ________ (keep) the book for two weeks. I must return it now.
12.(2023·河南) It’s three years since he ________ (leave) his hometown.
13.(2022·杭州) How long has the shop ________ (close)
14.(2024·预测)My grandpa has ________ (be) dead for ten years.
15.(2023·广州) I ________ (not see) him since last Friday.
三、 综合应用：翻译与改错【目标：强化 for/since 逻辑与句型转换。】
16.(翻译) 自从我五岁起，我就住在这里。(使用 since 引导从句)
I ________________________________________________ since I was five.
17.(改错) (A) How long (B) has he (C) joined the (D) music club 错误项：______ 改正：____________
18.(翻译) 这场足球赛已经结束半个小时了。(使用 be over 结构)
The football match ________________________________________________ half an hour.
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