资源简介

(共33张PPT)
Period 3 Discovering
Useful Structures
省　略
01
要义详析·探究语法
　　为了避免重复或者使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
(1) (You) Want a hand？需要帮忙吗？
(2)—Do you know Miss Gao
—I don't know (her).
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。
(3)(You come) This way, please. 请走这边。
　　句(1)中省略了______；句(2)中省略了______；句(3)中省略了____________。
主语
宾语
主语和谓语
1．省略主语
　　一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，常常省略主语，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语；
2．省略宾语
　　当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常常省略宾语；
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)
　　在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
完成句子
(1)遵守规则，否则你会受到惩罚。
_________________,or you will get punished.
(2)我喜欢红葡萄酒胜过白葡萄酒。
I like red wine ___________________．
(3)对这个计划有什么想法吗？
_______________ about the plan
Obey the rules
better than white
Got any idea
二、并列句中的省略
(1)(教材P28) This district used to be a poor area of town, but (this district) is now a centre for art, music, and food.
这个区过去是城里的一个贫困区域，而现在是艺术、音乐和美食中心。
(2)When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.
当夏天来临时，白天变得越来越长，夜晚变得越来越短。
(3)They tried their best but (they tried) in vain.
他们尽力了，但是却白费力气。
　　句(1)中省略了共同的______；句(2)中省略了共同的______；句(3)中省略了共同的____________。
主语
谓语
主语和谓语
1．在并列句中，后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分常常省略，以避免重复；
2．有时由于上下文语境很明显，后面一个分句中的一些词语也可以省略。
写出下列句中可以省略的部分
(1)Tom picked up a comic on the floor and Tom handed it to his teacher.________________
(2)Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.__________________________
省略第二个Tom
省略第二个must have been
(3)His claim made me happy, but his claim made Jim angry. _______________
(4)He has a knowledge of china but his friend doesn't have a knowledge of china._______________________________
省略his claim
省略have a knowledge of china
三、复合句中的省略
(1)While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我在街上散步时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
(2)My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit (that) we had ever eaten.
我和我丈夫都认为它们是我们吃过的最好的水果。
(3)They said (that) the meeting was very important and that we mustn't be late.
他们说这场会议非常重要，我们一定不能迟到。
　　句(1)中省略了从句中的______和_____；句(2)中省略了在定语从句中作______的关系代词that；句(3)中省略了引导______从句的第一个that，第二个that不可省略。
主语
was
宾语
宾语
1．状语从句中的省略
　　状语从句的主语跟主句的主语相同或从句主语是it且从句谓语中含有be动词时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
2．定语从句中的省略
　　关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时，可以省略关系代词。
3．宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略；
(2)when、where、how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
将下列句子改为省略句
(1)While I was in Japan, I came across my former colleague.
→__________________,I came across my former colleague.
(2)If it is possible, I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
→______________,I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
While in Japan
If possible
(3)He said that the diagram was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
→_______________________________________________________________________________
(4)The exact year that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
→___________________________________________________________________________
He said the diagram was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
四、其他情况的省略
(1)You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question).
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
(2)We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英文歌。
(3)—Can you finish your work today
—I think so.
——你今天能完成工作吗？
——我认为能。
(4)The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使他没能按时到达那里。
　　句(1)中省略了和主句中相同的成分，仅保留______________；句(2)中感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为__________时要还原to；句(3)中的so代替_____________________________；句(4)中省略了__________。
不定式符号to
被动语态
I can finish my work today
介词from
1．动词不定式的省略
(1)当动词不定式在形容词afraid、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等后面作状语时，to后面的内容常省略；
(2)某些使役动词，如make、let、have等和感官动词，如see、watch、notice、observe、hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to，但这些动词若用于被动语态，则不省略to；
(3)并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to，但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to；
(4)当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常常可以省略to后面的内容，常见的动词有agree、afford、expect、forget、hope、know、manage、pretend、remember、refuse、want、wish、would like等；如果不定式中含有be或完成式，通常保留be或have；
(5)介词but(除了)、 except (除了) 前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的动词不定式省略to；
(6)当动词不定式作某些复合谓语时，如be going to、 be able to、 have to、 ought to、 used to等，可以只保留不定式符号to。
2．使用so、 not等时的省略
　　可以用so、 not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
3．介词的省略
　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后面的动名词。常见的结构有：
(1)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
(2)be busy (in) doing sth.
(3)spend some time (in) doing sth.
(4)stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
补全下列句子中的省略成分/补全句子
(1)I have trouble ____ learning English.
(2)He likes to swim more than ____ skate.
(3)You can go with us if you want to ____________．
(4)—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.
—_____________ (我认为如此)．
in
to
go with us
I think so
02
课堂微练·即时检验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man was noticed __________(enter) the classroom.
2．Video games can be a poor influence if ______ (leave) in the wrong hands.
3．The city now is much noisier than it used to ____．
4．Her job is to take care of the elders and ___________(wash) their clothes.
5．To my relief, I had my father ________ (repair) my bike yesterday.
to enter
left
be
(to) wash
repair
6．You should stay where you are，unless _______ (ask) to leave.
7．You can't imagine what difficulty we had _________(walk) home in the snowstorm.
8．Are you too old for fairy tales If you think ____，Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.
9．The skin can prevent your body ______ losing too much water.
10．The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not ____．
asked
walking
so
from
to
Ⅱ.语法与写作(将下列句子改为省略句)
1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn _______________________ was red and ______________.
2．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but ______________________．
she got from the iron
very painful
his brother will not
3．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate ___________________________．
4．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but _______________．
as if waiting for someone
most haven't

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