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(共40张PPT)
课后巩固·多维提能
维度一　单句语法填空
1．If so, you may be surprised __________(learn) that libraries have changed for the better.
2．Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage _________(face) the challenge.
3．The next Summer Olympics ____________(hold) will surely attract many international tourists.
[过基础　知识巩固]
to learn
to face
to be held
4．She was the first woman ________(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
5．When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _________(send) it to.
6．He failed his exam, ________(make) his father very angry.
7．The question _________________(discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution.
to win
to send
making
to be discussed
8．_____________(promote) students' sense of social responsibility, moral education and some related activities should be strengthened.
9．With the world changing fast, we have something new ________ (deal) with all by ourselves every day.
To promote
to deal
维度二　语法与写作
1．为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校已决定向你们的汉语班捐赠一批图书。
____________________________________________,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
2．智能手机让人们体验到科技改变生活的力量。
Smart phones gave people the experience of _______________________ _____________________．
To help the students (to) learn Chinese better
the power of technology to change lives
3．会上有很多事情要谈。
__________________________________ at the meeting.
4．得知你被北京大学录取了我非常高兴。
I'm more than delighted __________________________________ __________________________．
5．几年后他回到家，却被告知当地最大的那家超市在一场大火中已经被毁了。
He returned home several years later, ____________________________ ________________________________________ in a great fire.
There are many things to talk about
to learn that you have been admitted to Peking University
only to be told the largest supermarket in the area had been ruined
维度三　语篇填空
　　Last weekend, I went to a bookstore 1. ________(buy) some books. There, I came across a boy. He was old enough 2. _________(read) by himself. He wanted to buy a geography book that cost one dollar. However, he had only sixty-two cents in his pocket. The money was too little for him 3.________(get) that book. The boy looked quite disappointed, but he was determined to try some other bookstores 4.________(get) one. Because I wanted to know the result, I decided to follow him.
to buy
to read
to get
to get
　　The boy tried four different bookstores 5. _________(find) a cheaper book, but he went from one store to another, only 6. _________ (find) the book more expensive. In the sixth bookstore, the owner found that the boy was worried, so he asked him why he was anxious 7. ________(get) a geography book. The boy told him that he wanted to become a sailor like his father, so he wanted to learn more about geography. Hearing what the boy said, the owner gave him one for free. The boy was very excited. The result was satisfying. Before I left, I gave the boy two dollars so that he was able to have money 8. ________(buy) more books.
to find
to find
to get
to buy
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　(2024·浙南名校联盟高一期中)Landfills are places
where a large amount of waste and other refuse(垃圾)
is buried in the ground. They are responsible for
releasing a large amount of planet-warming methane(甲烷) gas into the atmosphere, a new study suggests.
[过能力　综合提升]
　　The study, which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday, is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern. For this purpose, the scientists used satellite data from four major cities around the world—Delhi and Mumbai in India, Lahore in Pakistan and Buenos Aires in Argentina.
　　Based on the collected data, the scientists have drawn the conclusion that landfills are the third-largest source of methane emissions (排放) worldwide, after oil and gas systems and agriculture. And further investigation shows that the methane released from the landfills is generated from the decomposition (分解) of natural waste in them, like food, wood or paper.
　　Methane, though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO2. Scientists estimate that at least 25 percent of today's warming is driven by methane from human actions. That's why landfills are partly to blame for the global warming.
　　Joannes Maasakkers, a leader of the study, said, “We found that these landfills, which are relatively small compared to city sizes, are responsible for a large part of total emissions from a given area.” Another scientist, Euan Nisbet, who was not part of the study, said, “This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better, especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire, resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants (污染物).” He also added that the newer satellite technology and on-the-ground research make it easier for researchers to identify “who is polluting the world”．
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，垃圾填埋场向大气中释放了大量使地球变暖的甲烷气体。
√
1．Why did the scientists carry out the study
A．To reduce the emission of the methane.
B．To help the authorities control the global warming.
C．To test out the new satellite technology.
D．To clarify which places people are concerned about.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，科学家进行这项研究是为了帮助政府控制全球变暖。
√
2．What do we know about methane gas according to the passage
A．There exists methane in food, wood and paper.
B．Methane makes up most of the greenhouse gases.
C．More methane is released from landfills than from agriculture.
D．Methane prevents more heat in the air from escaping than CO2 does.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Methane, though only...traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO2.”可知，甲烷比二氧化碳更能困住空气中的热量。
√
3．What's Euan Nisbet's attitude towards the study
A．Favourable.　　　　 B．Concerned.
C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Another scientist, Euan Nisbet, who...to identify ‘who is polluting the world’．”可知，尤安·尼斯贝特对这项研究持赞成态度。
√
4．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Methane causes the temperature of the earth to go up.
B．Satellite data help identify the source of the pollutants.
C．Landfills are to blame for the release of much methane.
D．Waste and other refuse should be forbidden for their impact.
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍了垃圾填埋场是释放大量甲烷的罪魁祸首。
B
　　(2024·泰山国际学校高一期中)The lack of clues left behind by ancient Americans has made it difficult for researchers to determine precisely when humans first arrived on the continent. However, it has always been believed to be about 13，000 years ago. Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.
　　Dr. Ciprian Ardelean, of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010. Getting to the cave located 2，750 meters above sea level required a 45-minute truck ride to the base and an uphill climb over a rough terrain (地形). However, Dr. Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016, and 2017.
　　The archeologists' efforts revealed many artifacts (史前古器物) including over 1，900 stone tools from multiple layers of the cave. The scientists found that most of the tools were between 16，000 and 13，000 years old. However, 239 artifacts unearthed from the deepest layer of the cave dated back an astonishing 30，000 years!
　　While the genetic material gained in the cave was only plant and animal DNA, the team did find evidence of sulfur (硫), potassium (钾) and zinc (锌) elements that could indicate human activities such as killing animals. Dr. Ardelean says the absence of human DNA confirms that the early people visited the cave for short periods of time.
　　The researchers are unsure of the ancient humans' origins or the path they took to get to America. They guess the groups were tribes (部落) who moved from place to place and went extinct at some point during their migrations. Dr. Ardelean says, “We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went. They're a complete enigma. We falsely assume that the native populations in the Americas today are direct descendants from the earliest Americans, but now we don't think that is the case.” Archeologist Loren Davis, from Oregon State University, is unsure that the artifacts recovered are tools. The
researcher says, “If it's true that people were in Zacatecas 32，000 years ago, that changes everything—it more than doubles the time people have been in the Americas. I'm not going to say it's impossible, but if all they found are broken rocks without any hard evidence, it's natural for people to challenge the conclusion.”
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项考古发现，来自墨西哥中部扎卡特卡斯的奇奎特洞穴的证据似乎表明，史前人类可能早在3万年前就生活在北美。
√
5．What did Dr. Ciprian Ardelean do
A．He sold hundreds of artifacts.
B．He explored the cave four times.
C．He made the cave world-known.
D．He collected artifacts from the cave.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及最后一句可知，阿德林博士第一次去这个洞穴是在2010年5月，然后在2012，2016和2017年又去了三次，所以他探索了这个洞穴四次。
√
6．What shakes the traditional belief concerning North America
A．Metal elements unearthed from the cave.
B．Plant and animal DNA discovered in the cave.
C．The stone tools from the cave's deepest layer.
D．The artifacts from the upper layers of the cave.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The scientists found that most of the tools...dated back an astonishing 30，000 years！”可知，从洞穴最深处发现的石器动摇了关于北美的传统想法。
√
7．What does the underlined word “enigma” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Problem. B．Breakthrough.
C．Appeal. D．Mystery.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went.”可知，科学家们不了解古代人类情况。因此画线词的意思为“谜”。
√
8．In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage
A．Archaeology. B．Anecdote.
C．Economy. D．Literature.
解析：文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave...living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.”可知，文章介绍了一项考古发现，因此我们最有可能在报纸的考古专栏中读到这篇文章。
Ⅱ. 七选五
　　(2024·深圳平湖外国语学校高一期中) Mars is truly a fascinating planet for those of us here on Earth. 1.____________________________ _______________________________ It is about half as big as Earth and is often referred to as the Red Planet because of its red surface.
1．G　解析：根据上下文内容可知，本句与空后一句并列，都是在介绍火星，G项中It指代Mars。G项符合语境。
G．It is one of the few planets that we can see with our own eyes.
　　The Red Planet has the largest volcano in the solar system—Olympus Mons. 2.____________________________________ That's about three times the height of Mount Qomolangma.
2．A　解析：上文提到奥林匹斯山是太阳系最大的火山以及下文提到的大约是珠穆朗玛峰的三倍高，本句应说明奥林匹斯山的高度。A项符合语境。
A．It is roughly 27 kilometres high.
　　Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun, Mars is much colder than Earth. 3.___________ __________________________________________The dust storms of Mars can grow so big that sometimes they blanket the entire planet and last for months. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars' ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water.
3．E　解析：根据上下文内容可知，本句是在说明火星上的天气，下文提到了沙尘暴，可见火星上有风，E项符合语境。
E．However, Mars does have weather, with clouds and winds.
　　Scientists believe that studying Mars can help answer some of the key questions about our planet Earth, or even the universe.
　　4．____________________________________________ Since 1960, more than half of all attempted Mars missions have failed. The USA, Russia, the European Space Agency, and several other countries have lost many spacecraft in their quest to explore the Red Planet. Nevertheless, they will still continue their explorations.
4．B　解析：下文提到很多火星任务都失败了，可见火星任务并不容易实施。B项符合语境。
B．Missions to Mars have never been easy.
Chinese experts are confident about their plan to explore Mars, in spite of the many challenges. The first Mars unmanned spacecraft was launched from Wenchang around 2020. But it is only the beginning of deep voyages into outer space. 5._________________________________ _____________________________________
5．F　解析：本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文，继续说明中国对宇宙的探索，F项符合语境。
F.China will continue to explore the mysteries of the universe.
A．It is roughly 27 kilometres high.
B．Missions to Mars have never been easy.
C．Mars, however, today has no active volcanoes.
D．The temperature at the planet's surface varies widely.
E．However, Mars does have weather, with clouds and winds.
F.China will continue to explore the mysteries of the universe.
G．It is one of the few planets that we can see with our own eyes.
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星的自然环境以及火星任务的实施难度。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　(2024·宁波三锋教育联盟高一期中)Many people are 1.___________ (confuse) about the meaning of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2.__________(solve) this puzzle, it is necessary for people to know a little bit about British.
confused
To solve
　　In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3.____________ (join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the 4.____________(south) part of Ireland broke away from the UK, 5.____________ resulted in the full name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， meaning the UK is also often referred to 6._______ Britain or Great Britain.
was joined
southern
which
as
　　Even though the four countries 7.____________(belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8.__________________ (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9.______ long and interesting history to explore 10._______ it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国形成的过程和发展历史。
belonging
defence/defense
a
and
1．confused　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，表示“困惑的”，应用形容词confused。“be confused about...”意为“对……感到困惑”，为固定搭配。
2．To solve　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。
3．was joined　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语the nearby country of Wales和join之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。
4．southern　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词词组part of Ireland ，应用形容词southern意为“南方的”，作定语。
5．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句内容，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。
6．as　解析：考查介词。“be referred to as...”意为“被称作……”，为固定搭配。
7．belonging　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语，belong to意为“属于……”，无被动形式，应用现在分词。
8．defence/defense　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语。
9．a　解析：考查冠词。 history在此处是可数名词，a/an...history意为“一个……的历史”，且long的发音是以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
10．and　解析：考查连词。上下文为并列关系，应用连词and连接。

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