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沪教版英语八年级下册 UNIT 5-8 重点短语归纳
UNIT 5 Saving animals in danger
1. in danger 处于危险中
讲解：danger 是名词，意为“危险”。in danger 表示处于危险的状态中。
反义 out of danger (脱离危险)。
拓展 dangerous (adj. 危险的)。
Many wild animals are in danger because of human activities.
由于人类活动，许多野生动物处于危险之中。
2. protect ... from ... 保护……免受……
讲解：protect 是动词，意为“保护”。from 后接可能会造成伤害的事物。
同义短语 stop ... from ... / keep ... from ... (阻止……做……/使……免受……)。
We should protect our eyes from the strong sunlight.
我们应该保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。
3. cut down 砍倒；削减
讲解：cut down trees (砍树)。也可以表示“减少，削减（开支等）”。
易错点 代词作宾语时要放在中间，如 cut it/them down。
People are cutting down forests to make space for farms.
人们正在砍伐森林来为农场腾出空间。
4. make space for ... 为……腾出空间
讲解：space 在这里作不可数名词，意为“空间，空地”。
同义 make room for。
Please move the table to make space for the new sofa.
请把桌子移开，为新沙发腾出空间。
5. live in harmony with 与……和谐共处
讲解：harmony 意为“融洽，和谐”。
Humans should learn to live in harmony with nature.
人类应该学会与自然和谐共处。
【实战演练】
一、单项选择
1. Many animals are ________ of losing their lives because of hunting.
A. in danger B. in need C. in order D. in time
2. We must take action to ________ the river ________ pollution.
A. protect; for B. protect; from C. stop; to D. save; with
3. The heavy snow stopped us ________ going out.
A. to B. for C. from D. with
4. Don't ________ too many trees, or the birds will lose their homes.
A. cut up B. cut off C. cut down D. cut out
5. It is important for us ________ wild animals.
A. protect B. protected C. to protect D. protecting
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The hunter shot the tiger and it ________ (die) immediately.
7. The elephants were forced ________ (leave) their homeland.
8. It is ________ (danger) for children to play with fire.
9. We should stop people from ________ (kill) whales for meat.
三、短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
Animals are our friends, but many of them are facing great danger now. Take giant pandas for example. They mainly live on 10. b________. However, people are cutting down bamboo forests to make 11. s________ for houses and farms. As a result, pandas are losing their 12. h________. Some elephants are also killed for their 13. t________. People sell them to make money. It is cruel to hurt animals. We should take action to 14. p________ them. The government has set up nature reserves. We should not buy products made of animal fur or skin. If we don't help them, they may 15. d________ out soon. Let's work together to help animals live in 16. p________ (和平) and 17. h________ with us. It is our duty to save these animals in 18. d________.
Unit 5 参考答案： 一、1-5 ABCCC
二、6. died 7. to leave 8. dangerous 9. killing
三、10. bamboo 11. space 12. habitats/homes 13. tusks 14. protect 15. die 16. peace 17. harmony 18. danger
UNIT 6 Learning by doing
1. take part in 参加（活动）
讲解：指参加会议、群众性活动等，并在其中发挥作用。
辨析 join 指加入组织成为成员（如 join the club）；join in 多指参加正在进行的活动（如 join in the game）。
Many students took part in the English speech contest last week.
上周许多学生参加了英语演讲比赛。
2. instead of 而不是；代替
讲解：介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词（v-ing）。
He stayed at home reading instead of going out to play.
他待在家里看书，而不是出去玩。
3. be afraid of 害怕……
讲解：of 后接名词或动名词（doing）。
句型 be afraid to do sth (不敢做某事)。
Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.
说英语时不要害怕犯错。
4. communicate with 与……交流
讲解：communicate 是动词，with 后接交流对象。communication 是名词。
Learning English helps us communicate with people from all over the world.
学英语帮助我们与来自世界各地的人交流。
5. look up 查阅；向上看
讲解：在字典或参考书中查找信息。如果是代词作宾语，代词放在中间（look it up）。
If you don't know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不认识这个词，可以在字典里查一下。
【实战演练】
一、单项选择
1. All the students actvely ________ the sports meeting.
A. joined B. took part in C. took place D. took off
2. You’d better go to school by bus ________ taking a taxi.
A. instead of B. instead C. because of D. out of
3. Don't be afraid ________ speaking in front of the class.
A. to B. for C. at D. of
4. You ________ eat too much candy. It's bad for your teeth.
A. should B. shouldn't C. had better D. must
5. I don't know the meaning of this word. Let me ________.
A. look it up B. look up it C. look for it D. look it at
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. You had better ________ (finish) your homework before dinner.
7. ________ (speak) English every day is a good way to learn it well.
8. Don't worry about ________ (make) mistakes.
9. The ________ (communicate) between parents and children is very important.
三、短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
English Week gives us a chance to learn English happily. There are many interesting activities. For example, we can 10. t________ part in the English singing contest. It is exciting to sing English songs on stage. We can also perform a play. Some students are shy. They are 11. a________ of speaking English because they don't want to make 12. m________. In fact, making mistakes is a part of learning. You 13. s________ speak out bravely. If you meet a new word, you can 14. l________ it up in the dictionary or ask your teacher for help. We can also watch English movies 15. i________ of just reading books. It helps improve our listening. English is a bridge. It helps us 16. c________ with the world. I hope everyone can enjoy the 17. f________ of learning English and improve their 18. s________ (技能).
Unit 6 参考答案： 一、1-5 BADBA
二、6. finish 7. Speaking 8. making 9. communication
三、10. take 11. afraid 12. mistakes 13. should 14. look 15. instead municate 17. fun 18. skills
UNIT 7 Space exploration
1. carry out 执行；开展
讲解：carry out a task / an experiment / a plan (执行任务/做实验/实施计划)。
The astronauts carried out many scientific experiments in the space station.
宇航员在空间站进行了许多科学实验。
2. take off 起飞；脱下
讲解：
① 指飞机、火箭等“起飞”。
② 指“脱下”衣物（反义词 put on）。
The spacecraft took off successfully yesterday.
飞船昨天成功起飞了。
3. rely on / depend on 依赖；依靠
讲解：rely on sb./sth. 意为“信赖，依靠”。
In space, astronauts have to rely on special machines to get water.
在太空中，宇航员必须依靠特殊的机器来获取水。
4. be proud of 为……感到自豪
讲解：proud 是形容词，名词是 pride (take pride in)。
We are all proud of our country's achievements in space exploration.
我们都为我国在太空探索方面取得的成就感到自豪。
5. look out of 从……向外看
讲解：look out of the window (往窗外看)。
When I looked out of the window, I saw the beautiful blue Earth.
当我往窗外看时，我看见了美丽的蓝色地球。
【实战演练】
一、单项选择
1. The plane will ________ in ten minutes. Please sit down.
A. take off B. take out C. take up D. take away
2. While I ________ TV, my mother came back.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching
3. We should not ________ our parents for everything. We need to be independent.
A. rely on B. put on C. turn on D. come on
4. The scientists ________ a research on the moon last year.
A. carried out B. carried away C. carried on D. carried off
5. Nie Haisheng is a great astronaut. We are proud ________ him.
A. for B. of C. in D. with
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. When the teacher came in, the students ________ (talk) loudly.
7. Space ________ (explore) is very dangerous but meaningful.
8. The astronauts tied their sleeping bags to the wall to avoid ________ (float) away.
9. It is ________ (amaze) to see the sunrise in space.
三、短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
China has made great progress in space technology. Many astronauts have traveled into 10. s________. Do you know how they live there Life in space is different from that on Earth because there is no 11. g________ (重力). Astronauts can 12. f________ around in the cabin. When they sleep, they have to tie themselves to the wall, or they might float away. They eat special food. They also need to 13. e________ every day to keep healthy, because their muscles can get weak in space. Astronauts have many tasks. They often 14. c________ out experiments. Sometimes they have to go out of the space station to walk in space. It is dangerous. We are very 15. p________ of them. When they 16. l________ out of the window, they can see our beautiful home—the Earth. I hope I can become an 17. a________ one day and take a 18. t________ to space.
Unit 7 参考答案： 一、1-5 ADAAB
二、6. were talking 7. exploration 8. floating 9. amazing
三、10. space 11. gravity 12. float 13. exercise 14. carry 15. proud 16. look 17. astronaut 18. trip/tour
UNIT 8 Imagine that!
1. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
讲解：refuse (拒绝) 后接不定式。
反义 agree to do sth. (同意做某事)。
He refused to believe that there were aliens.
他拒绝相信有外星人。
2. compared with/to 与……相比
讲解：过去分词短语作状语。compare A with/to B (把A和B作比较)。
Compared with the Earth, Mars is much colder.
与地球相比，火星要冷得多。
3. head for 前往，驶向
讲解：head 在此处作动词，意为“朝……方向行进”。
同义 leave for / go to。
The ship is heading for the mysterious island.
这艘船正驶向那座神秘的岛屿。
4. in front of 在……前面
讲解：指在物体外部的前面。
辨析 in the front of 指在物体内部的前部。
A strange creature appeared in front of me.
一个奇怪的生物出现在我面前。
5. be similar to 与……相似
讲解：similar (相似的)。
区别 the same as (与……相同)；different from (与……不同)。
This alien looks similar to a human, but it has three eyes.
这个外星人看起来像人类，但它有三只眼睛。
【实战演练】
一、单项选择
1. The boy refused ________ us his name.
A. telling B. tell C. to tell D. told
2. ________ the sun, the earth is very small.
A. Compare to B. Compared with C. Comparing with D. To compare
3. Look! The dark clouds are ________ us. Let's run.
A. heading for B. waiting for C. looking for D. asking for
4. I didn't go to the park yesterday ________ it rained heavily.
A. so B. because C. but D. although
5. My new pen is similar ________ yours.
A. as B. with C. to D. from
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The story is about an ________ (know) world.
7. As it was late, we decided ________ (go) home.
8. The alien had a strange ________ (appear).
9. He ________ (mention) the accident to the police yesterday.
三、短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
Have you ever imagined meeting aliens Last night, I had a dream. I was walking in the forest when I saw a strange light. I walked towards it and found a spaceship. A door opened, and a creature walked out. I was scared at first 10. b________ it looked very strange. It had green skin and big eyes. However, it seemed friendly. It didn't speak, but used gestures to 11. c________ with me. It pointed to the sky, as if telling me it came from another planet. 12. C________ with humans, it was very short. It invited me to enter the spaceship. Inside, everything was 13. d________ from things on Earth. The technology was very advanced. Suddenly, I heard a loud noise. I woke up and realized it was just a dream. But I believe we are not alone in the universe. Maybe one day, aliens will really 14. h________ for Earth and visit us. We should be ready to welcome these 15. u________ (未知的) friends. It will be an amazing 16. e________. I refused to 17. b________ that we are the only living things. Life is full of 18. w________ (奇迹).
Unit 8 参考答案： 一、1-5 CBABC
二、6. unknown 7. to go 8. appearance 9. mentioned
三、10. because 11. communicate 12. Compared 13. different 14. head 15. unknown 16. experience 17. believe 18. wonders

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