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译林版八年级下册Unit 1-4 重点短语归纳
Unit 1 Past and present
一、重点短语精讲
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
【注意】表示过去经常发生但现在已经不再发生的动作或状态。否定形式为 didn't use to do 或 usedn't to do。
【易错点】区分 be used to doing sth. (习惯于做某事) 和 be used to do sth. (被用来做某事)。
I used to go to school by bike, but now I take the bus.
我过去常常骑自行车上学，但现在我坐公交车。
2. make a living 谋生
【拓展】make a living by doing sth. = live by doing sth. (靠做……谋生)
In the past, most families here made a living by fishing.
在过去，这里的大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。
3. turn ... into ... 把……变成……
【拓展】change ... into ... (把……变成……)
The government plans to turn the old factory into a museum.
政府计划把这家旧工厂变成一个博物馆。
4. take place 发生；举行
【注意】指按计划或安排发生，无被动语态。happen 指偶然发生。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years.
这些年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
5. in / over the last / past few years 在过去的几年里
【语法点】该短语通常与现在完成时连用。
We have planted many trees in the past few years.
在过去的几年里，我们种了许多树。
二、单元巩固练习
(A) 单项选择
1. There ________ a small river behind my house, but now it is gone.
A. used to be B. used to have C. is used to being D. use to be
2. The population of the city has grown larger ________ the last 10 years.
A. in B. over C. for D. both A and B
3. He used to ________ late, but now he is used to ________ early.
A. sleep; get up B. sleeping; get up C. sleep; getting up D. sleeping; getting up
4. Great changes ________ in our school since 2018.
A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. take place
5. —Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth II
—No, I ________ it yet.
A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. don't see D. won't see
(B) 用所给词的适当形式填空
6. My father ________ (work) in this factory since he moved here.
7. We ________ (not see) each other for a long time.
8. The pollution in this area ________ (cause) many problems in the past.
9. It is convenient for local people ________ (travel) by underground now.
(C) 短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
My hometown is a beautiful place. Great changes have taken (10) p________ in it. In the past, people lived in old and small houses. The roads were narrow and (11) m________ (泥泞的). People went to town (12) o________ foot or by bike. Life was hard at that time. However, things are (13) d________ now. Tall buildings have appeared. The roads are wide and clean. Most families have bought cars, so it is (14) c________ to go anywhere. The environment has become better too. We can breathe fresh air and see green trees everywhere. The government has (15) t________ action to protect the river. I have (16) l________ here since I was born. I am proud (17) o________ the changes. I hope my hometown will be even (18) b________ in the future.
Unit 1 参考答案：
(A) 1. A (there be结构) 2. D 3. C (used to do; be used to doing) 4. A 5. B
(B) 6. has worked 7. haven't seen 8. caused 9. to travel
(C) 10. place 11. muddy 12. on 13. different 14. convenient 15. taken 16. lived 17. of 18. better
Unit 2 Amazing China
一、重点短语精讲
1. have been to vs. have gone to
【重点区分】
have been to: 去过某地（人已回来），常与 ever, never, just, twice 等连用。
have gone to: 去了某地（人未回来），主语通常是第三人称。
have been in: 在某地待了多久，常与 for/since 引导的时间状语连用。
—Where is Tom —He has gone to the library. (人不在这里)
I have been to Beijing twice. (我去过两次，现在不在北京)
2. be famous for / as 因……而闻名 / 作为……而闻名
【易错点】for 后接原因/特产；as 后接身份/地位。
Hangzhou is famous for West Lake.
杭州因西湖而闻名。
Lu Xun is famous as a great writer.
鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而闻名。
3. thousands of 成千上万的
【规划变化】thousand, hundred, million 等词，前有具体数字时，不加s，不加of；前无具体数字表示模糊概念时，加s，加of。
There are thousands of tourists visiting the Great Wall every day.
每天有成千上万的游客参观长城。
Three thousand students are reading.
三千名学生正在读书。
4. include vs. including 包括
【易错点】include 是动词，做谓语；including 是介词，做状语或定语。
The tour includes visiting the museum.
这次旅行包括参观博物馆。
Many cities, including Beijing and Shanghai, are modern.
许多城市，包括北京和上海，都很现代化。
二、单元巩固练习
(A) 单项选择
1. —Where is Mr. Wang
—He ________ Shanghai on business. He will come back in two days.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to
2. My uncle ________ the USA for ten years. He misses his hometown very much.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. went to
3. Guilin is famous ________ its beautiful mountains and rivers.
A. as B. for C. of D. with
4. ________ tourists come to visit the Palace Museum every year.
A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands D. Five thousand of
5. We should prevent the water from ________.
A. polluting B. polluted C. being polluted D. pollute
(B) 用所给词的适当形式填空
6. I ________ (never be) to a water park before. This is my first time.
7. The boy joined the club a month ago. He ________ (be) in the club for a month.
8. It is one of the ________ (good) places to enjoy the full moon.
9. The funny show always makes the children ________ (laugh).
(C) 短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
China is a country with a long history. There are many places of (10) i________. The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world. It (11) l________ like a giant dragon across the northern part of China. It has a history of (12) o________ 2,000 years. It is mainly (13) m________ of stones and bricks. Another famous place is the Summer Palace. It is a large park in Beijing. You can see a long corridor (走廊) there. It is famous (14) f________ its beautiful paintings. In the south of China, Guilin is also worth (15) v________. The mountains and rivers there are like paintings. (16) M________ of tourists go there every year. I have (17) b________ to these places and I think they are really amazing. I love my country and I hope (18) m________ people can come to visit it.
Unit 2 参考答案：
(A) 1. B (去了未回) 2. C (stay + 时间段) 3. B 4. B 5. C (prevent ... from being done)
(B) 6. have never been 7. has been (延续性动词转换) 8. best 9. laugh
(C) 10. interest 11. lies/looks 12. over 13. made 14. for 15. visiting 16. Millions 17. been 18. more
Unit 3 The world at one click
一、重点短语精讲
1. dream of / about (doing) sth. 梦想做某事
【拓展】dream 既可作名词也可作动词。dream a dream (做了一个梦)。
He dreams of becoming a pilot when he grows up.
他梦想长大后成为一名飞行员。
2. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
【注意】wait 后接不定式 to do。
The children can't wait to open their presents.
孩子们迫不及待地想打开礼物。
3. compare ... with ... 把……和……做比较
【拓展】compare ... to ... (把……比作……)。但现代英语中常混用，compare ... with 侧重找异同。
If you compare this phone with that one, you'll find this one is better.
如果你把这部手机和那部比较一下，你会发现这部更好。
4. print ... out 把……打印出来
【用法】动副结构，代词（it/them）放中间。
I have received your email. I will print it out right now.
我已经收到了你的邮件。我现在就把它打印出来。
5. set off 出发，动身；使爆炸
【同义词】start out / set out。
We will set off for the airport at 6 a.m.
我们将于早上6点出发去机场。
二、单元巩固练习
(A) 单项选择
1. The computer is very useful. It can help us ________ the world at one click.
A. learn from B. learn about C. learn to D. learn out
2. —Have you decided ________ the holiday
—Not yet.
A. where spending B. where to spend C. when spending D. when to spend
3. My parents often compare me ________ other children.
A. to B. for C. with D. at
4. The boy likes the toy car so much that he can't wait ________ it.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought
5. —Do you mind my opening the window
—________. It's too cold outside.
A. You'd better not B. Not at all C. Yes, please D. Never mind
(B) 用所给词的适当形式填空
6. It is dangerous for you ________ (climb) the tall tree.
7. We plan ________ (visit) the Eiffel Tower online this afternoon.
8. The program is designed ________ (help) students learn English.
9. Instead of ________ (read) paper books, many people read e-books now.
(C) 短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
With the development of technology, the Internet has become very important in our daily lives. We can do many things on it. For example, we can do some shopping without (10) l________ our homes. We can also distinct places of interest around the world through "online tours". It is like having the world at one (11) c________. You can see the (12) b________ of the pyramids in Egypt or the Eiffel Tower in France on your screen. It is cheap and safe. You don't need to spend a lot of money (13) o________ tickets or hotels. Also, you don't have to (14) w________ about the bad weather. However, some people think seeing things online is not as good as seeing them with their own (15) e________. They want to experience the local culture in (16) p________. Anyway, the Internet (17) p________ us with a new way to see the world. It makes our lives (18) e________ than before.
Unit 3 参考答案：
(A) 1. B 2. B (疑问词+不定式) 3. C 4. C 5. A (回答Mind的提问)
(B) 6. to climb 7. to visit 8. to help 9. reading
(C) 10. leaving 11. click 12. beauty 13. on 14. worry 15. eyes 16. person 17. provides 18. easier
Unit 4 A good read
一、重点短语精讲
1. be interested in 对……感兴趣
【拓展】interesting (有趣的，修饰物); interested (感兴趣的，修饰人)。
She is interested in reading history books.
她对阅读历史书籍很感兴趣。
2. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
【反义词】agree to do sth. (同意做某事)。
He refused to accept the gift.
他拒绝接受这份礼物。
3. manage to do sth. 设法完成某事（强调结果成功）
【辨析】try to do sth. (尽力做某事，不一定成功) vs. manage to do sth. (成功做成了某事)。
Gulliver finally managed to break the ropes.
格列佛终于设法挣断了绳子。
4. fall down / fall off 跌倒 / 从……跌落
【用法】fall down (人摔倒，建筑物倒塌); fall off (从……掉下来 = fall down from)。
Be careful, or you will fall down.
小心，否则你会摔倒的。
He fell off his bike yesterday.
昨天他从自行车上摔了下来。
5. must vs. have to 必须
【易错点】must 侧重主观意愿；have to 侧重客观责任。have to 有人称和时态变化 (has to / had to)。
We must study hard. (主观想学)
It's raining, so I have to stay at home. (客观被迫)
二、单元巩固练习
(A) 单项选择
1. My father enjoys reading. He has finished ________ hundreds of books.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
2. —Must I finish the book report today
—No, you ________. You can hand it in tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to D. shouldn't
3. Although the problem was very hard, he managed ________ it at last.
A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved
4. When Gulliver woke up, he found his arms and legs ________ to the ground.
A. tie B. tied C. tying D. to tie
5. We should read more books ________ our knowledge.
A. open up B. to open up C. opens up D. opening up
(B) 用所给词的适当形式填空
6. You'd better ________ (not shout) at the old people. It's impolite.
7. The tiny man kept ________ (cry) when he saw Gulliver.
8. This book is worthy of ________ (read) again.
9. He ________ (touch) by the story of The Little Prince last night.
(C) 短文填空（根据首字母或上下文填空）
Reading is a good habit. It can help us open up a whole new (10) w________. Last week, I read a book called Gulliver's Travels. It is written (11) b________ Jonathan Swift. The hero is a man named Gulliver. In the story, his ship crashed against the rocks and he swam to an island. He was so (12) t________ that he fell asleep quickly. When he woke up, he found he could not (13) m________. He was tied to the ground by many small ropes. Then he saw a very small man. The man was same (14) s________ as his little finger! Gulliver was surprised. Later, he learnt that he was in Lilliput. The story is very interesting. I couldn't put it (15) d________ until I finished it. I think reading classics is beneficial (有益的). We should spend more time (16) o________ reading instead of playing computer games. Have you decided (17) w________ book to read next I recommend this one to (18) y________.
Unit 4 参考答案：
(A) 1. B (finish doing) 2. C (回答must提问的否定用needn't/don't have to) 3. C (manage to do) 4. B (found sth done/adj) 5. B (不定式表目的)
(B) 6. not shout 7. crying 8. reading/being read 9. was touched
(C) 10. world 11. by 12. tired 13. move 14. size 15. down 16. on 17. which/what 18. you

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