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专题三　形容词、副词
英语
1. 概念、分类及句法功能

语法清单
2. 常见形容词与副词的转换
　　大部分副词可由相应的形容词加上后缀-ly构成,但注意有变化。
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 直接加-ly definite→definitely　digital→digitally 　extreme→extremely
entire→entirely　desperate→desperately　initial→initially
literal→literally　mindful→mindfully　unintentional→unintentionally
以-y结尾 变y为i,再加-ly clumsy→clumsily　necessary→necessarily　temporary→temporarily
以-le结尾 去e,再加-y gentle→gently　incredible→incredibly　remarkable→remarkably
以-ue结尾 去e,再加-ly true→truly
情况 变化规则 示例
以-ic结尾 加-ally basic→basically　scientific→scientifically　dramatic→dramatically
specific→specifically　symbolic→symbolically　automatic→automatically
以-ll结尾 只加-y full→fully　dull→dully
其他特殊情况 whole→wholly　sole→solely
1. Starting with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments, the opera brought a
______________(complete) new sound to my Western ears.
解析　句意:这部戏以管弦乐队演奏中国传统乐器开场,让我这个西方人的耳朵听到了
一种全新的声音。设空处修饰形容词new,应使用副词形式。
即时练习
completely
2. Dr. Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said they had been __________(whole) de-
voted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,
7 days a week for more than 5 years.
解析　句意:研究小组的负责人孙强博士说,他们全身心投入研究,五年多来每周七天,
每天24小时照看一千多只猴子。设空处修饰动词devoted,应使用副词形式。
　wholly
3. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed ______________(dramatic)
when the first telescope was angled at the night sky.
解析　句意:当第一台望远镜对准夜空时,我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大
变化。设空处修饰动词changed,应使用副词形式。
　dramatically
4. We can achieve almost anything online—with access to the Internet come some ______
(true) life-changing advantages.
解析　句意:我们在网上几乎无所不能,接入互联网带来了一些实实在在改变我们生活
的好处。设空处修饰形容词life-changing,应使用副词形式。
　truly
情况 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词 加-er/-est small smaller smallest
以字母e结尾的词 加-r/-st large larger largest
以一个辅音字母结尾
的重读闭音节词 双写这个辅音字母,
再加-er/-est hot hotter hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结
尾的词 变y为i再加-er/-est easy easier easiest
多音节词和部分双音
节词 词前加more/most interesting more interesting most interesting
4. 比较等级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther(只指距离)更远的 farthest(只指距离)最远的
further(指距离或程度)更远的,更进一步的 furthest(指距离或程度)最远的,最深入的
old older(指血缘、年龄、新旧)较年长的,较老的,较旧的 oldest(指血缘、年龄、新旧)最年长的,最老的,最旧的
elder(指血缘)较年长的 eldest(指血缘)最年长的
late later(时间上)较迟的 latest(时间上)最迟的
latter(顺序上)后者的 last(顺序上)最后的
(3)没有比较级和最高级的词
情况 示例
本身有比较含义 major主要的　minor次要的　junior年轻的　senior年长的
superior较好的　prior较早的
表示终极意义 final最后的　impossible不可能的　full满的　empty空的
excellent(ly)/极好的(地)　perfect(ly)完美的(地)　very非常,极
maximum最大限度的　minimum最低限度的
absolute(ly)/complete(ly)/entire(ly)/thorough(ly)/total(ly)/whole完全/全部
表示独一无二 only唯一的　single单一的　unique独一无二的
5. 比较等级的用法
(1)原级
①基本用法
结构 示例
as+形容词/副词原级+as... (和……一样……) He was as white as a sheet.他面无血色。
Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no tiredness.
尽管我像以前一样努力工作,但我不觉得疲惫。
not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...(不如……那样……) To some degree, the size of the working-age population is not as important as the
quality of the workers.在某种程度上,劳动年龄人口的规模不如工人的质量重要。
I didn't do my homework so/as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。
as+形容词原级+名词(短语)+as... She has as charming a face as her grandmother.她长得和她祖母一样迷人。
②as...as...结构的短语
as long as只要　as far as就……而言　as soon as一……就……
as well as和　as good as与……几乎一样;简直
(2)比较级
①基本用法
结构 意义 示例
比较级+than 比……更…… The plan turned out better than we had expected.
这个计划的结果比我们预料的要好。
not+比较级+than 不比……更…… The studies show that EQ is as important, if it is not more important than IQ.研究表明,即使情商不比智商更重要,至少也同等重要。
比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… (事物本身渐增) The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。
the+比较级...,the+比较级... 越……,越…… (双方平行增长) The more we know each other, the better we understand each other.
我们互相了解得越多,就越能互相理解。
the+比较级+of the two+名词 两者中比较……的 Bob is the taller of the two boys.鲍勃是两个男孩中较高的一个。
②比较级的修饰语
意义 修饰语 示例
……得多 much, far, a lot等 She's much better today.她今天好多了。
There are far more opportunities for young people than there used to be.
现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。
更 even, rather, still等 We face an even greater challenge today.我们今天面临着更大的挑战。
The task is rather more difficult than I expected.这项工作比我想象的更难。
There was still more bad news to come.随后还传来了更多坏消息。
一点儿 a bit, a little等 You are driving too quick. Can you drive a bit more slowly
你开得太快了。能稍慢点吗
温馨提示　more只能用于构成比较级,不可用于修饰比较级。
③比较级形式表达最高级意义
结构 示例
比较级+ than+ 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都大。
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
=China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
=China is larger than all the other countries in Asia.
=China is larger than the rest of the countries in Asia.
表示否定意义的词(no, not, never, few, nothing等)+比较
级+than There is nothing better than being praised by my teacher
before my classmates.没有什么比在同学面前被老师表
扬更好的了。
(3)最高级
①基本用法
结构 示例
the+形容词最高级 (+单数名词)+比较范围 Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动。
(the+)副词最高级+比较范围 He could jump (the) farthest of all.在所有人中,他跳得最远。
one of the+形容词最高级 (+复数名词)+比较范围 Yuan Longping is one of the most influential scientists in agriculture.
袁隆平是农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一。
温馨提示　形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可省略。
②最高级的修饰语
修饰语 示例
序数词 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
much Carl's English was much the worst.卡尔的英语糟糕透了。
by far Watching sports was by far the most popular activity on Saturday.看体育比赛是周六最受欢迎的活动。
(4)倍数表示法
句型 示例
倍数+as+原级+as... This table is three times as big as that one.
倍数+比较级+than... This table is three times bigger than that one.
倍数+the+名词+of... This table is three times the size of that one.
倍数+that/those of... The output of this year is three times that of 2021.
倍数+what从句 The output of this year is three times what it was in 2021.
6. 分词形容词
　　-ing形容词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,常用于修
饰物;-ed形容词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态,意为“感到……的”,常用于修饰
人。
-ing形容词 -ed形容词 -ing形容词 -ed形容词
amazing令人惊奇的 amazed惊奇的 frightening令人害怕的 frightened受惊的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed失望的 pleasing令人高兴的 pleased高兴的
exhausting 令人筋疲力尽的 exhausted筋疲力尽的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的
7. 具有两种形式的同根副词
不以-ly结尾的副词 以-ly结尾的副词 不以-ly结尾的副词 以-ly结尾的副词
clear远离,不接触 clearly清晰地,明显地 high(空间上)高 highly(程度上)高度地
close不远地,接近 closely密切地,接近 late迟,晚 lately最近
deep(空间上)深 deeply(情感上)深刻地,强烈地 near近 nearly几乎,差不多
easy小心,慢点 easily容易地,不费力地 right恰好;径直;立即 rightly公正合理地;正确地
free不固定地;免费 freely不受限制地;无拘无束地 wide充分地 widely广泛地,范围广地
hard努力地 hardly几乎不
8. 既可作形容词又可作副词的词
close adj.亲密的; 接近的 adv.接近地 long adj.长的 adv.长时间地
deep adj.深的 adv.深深地;在深处 near adj.附近的 adv.在附近
early adj.早的 adv.早地 pretty adj.美丽的 adv.十分;非常
enough adj.足够的 adv.足够地 straight adj.直的 adv.径直
fast adj.快的 adv.迅速地 very adj.正是的 adv.非常,很
hard adj.硬的 adv.努力地 well adj.健康的 adv.很好地
late adj.晚的 adv.晚
1. To ensure the research findings are _______________(access) to policymakers without
scientific backgrounds, the team created simplified infographics alongside the technical
report.
解析　句意:为确保研究结果对没有科学背景的政策制定者来说易于理解,该团队在技
术报告之外还制作了简化的信息图。be accessible to表示“容易被……理解/获取”。
故填accessible。
综合提升练
　accessible
2. Leo ⅩⅣ holds Peruvian nationality and is warmly remembered in Peru for his work
with _________________ (disadvantage) groups and for his efforts to build bridges across
social divides, leaving a lasting impression.
解析　句意:利奥十四世持有秘鲁国籍,并因帮助弱势群体和努力构建跨越社会鸿沟的
桥梁而受到秘鲁人民的深切怀念,留下了持久印象。设空处修饰名词groups,应使用形
容词形式。故填disadvantaged(弱势的)。
　disadvantaged
3. Rain has ________________ (continual) washed away any soil, and therefore the stone
forest shows its simple face as a world wonder.
解析　句意:雨水持续不断地冲走所有土壤,因此石林以其朴素的面貌展现出世界奇观
的样子。设空处修饰动词短语,应用副词形式。故填continually。
　continually
4. My son has grown into a ____________ (tough) and more mature young man.
解析　句意:我的儿子已成长为一个更坚韧、更成熟的年轻人。由and可知,设空处与
more mature并列,应用形容词的比较级形式。故填tougher。
　tougher
5. Besides these practical steps, ___________ (symbol) ritual acts existed: drinking realgar
wine (雄黄酒), painting bright “王” characters on children's foreheads, and saying an-
cient spells.
解析　句意:除了这些实际步骤外,还存在一些象征性的仪式活动:饮用雄黄酒、在儿童
额头上绘制醒目的“王”字以及念诵古老的咒语。设空处修饰名词短语ritual acts,应
用形容词形式,表示“象征性的”。故填symbolic。
　symbolic
6. In __________ (coast) regions like Fujian and Zhejiang, fish lantern dances are central to
the ceremony that honors sea gods and celebrates harvests.
解析　句意:在福建和浙江等沿海地区,鱼灯舞是敬奉海神、庆祝丰收仪式的核心活
动。设空处修饰名词regions,应用形容词形式,表示“沿海的”。故填coastal。
　coastal
7. The museum also offers ________________ (interact) experiences like real-time wartime
poster creation, e-book reading, quizzes and personalized video making.
解析　句意:该博物馆还提供互动体验,如实时战时海报制作、电子书阅读、问答和个
性化视频制作。设空处修饰名词experiences,应用形容词形式。故填interactive。
　interactive
8. Food culture is a large part of everyday life in China, and in my opinion, the Chinese
people are ________________ (adventure) when it comes to trying new foods.
解析　句意:饮食文化是中国日常生活的重要组成部分,在我看来,中国人在尝试新食物
方面是富有冒险精神的。由空前系动词are可知,设空处作表语,表示“敢于冒险的”,
故填adventurous。
　adventurous
9. The competition was _____________ (obvious) a challenge for someone with little expe-
rience with computers.
解析　句意:这场竞赛对计算机经验不足的人来说显然是一项挑战。由句意可知,设空
处修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。故填obviously。
　obviously
10. Established in 1984, the Weifang International Kite Festival, held annually in Shandong
Province, China, is interpreted as the ____________ (large) of its kind, welcoming delega-
tions from all around the globe and hundreds of thousands of spectators each year.
解析　句意:成立于1984年的潍坊国际风筝会每年在中国山东省举行,被认为是同类活
动中最大的,每年欢迎来自全球的代表团和数十万的观众。根据句意并结合空前定冠
词the可知,设空处表示“最大的”,应用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
　largest
11. Every week, I spent one day studying profession-related ________________(theory)
knowledge.
解析　句意:每周,我花一天时间学习与专业相关的理论知识。设空处修饰名词know-
ledge,应用形容词形式。故填theoretical。
　theoretical
12. The actions help to increase Wuhan's flood resilience and effectively return the rivers,
riverbanks and riverscape to the people, thus making the city ________________ (livable),
business-friendly and attractive for tourists.
解析　句意:这些行动有助于提高武汉的防洪韧性,有效将河流、河岸和河景归还给人
民,从而使城市更宜居、更有利于商业发展并对游客更具吸引力。根据句意,此处表示
“更宜居”,应用形容词比较级形式。故填more livable。
　more livable
13. Once faded due to time, historical documents are being _____________(digit) restored,
allowing researchers to study brushstrokes more clearly than before.
解析　句意:一度因岁月褪色的历史文献正得到数字化修复,使研究人员能比以往更清
晰地研究笔触。设空处修饰动词的被动形式,应用副词形式。故填digitally。
　digitally
14. These efforts have made _______________ (notice) impacts on the lives of over 3,000
local residents, including more than 100 stay-at-home women, individuals with disabilities,
and over 800 people with limited incomes.
解析　句意:这些努力对当地3000多名居民的生活产生了显著的影响,其中包括100多
名家庭妇女、残疾人和800多名低收入者。设空处修饰名词impacts,应用形容词形式,
表示“显著的,显而易见的”。故填noticeable。
　noticeable
15. Chen Xinyi, the director of the production, said that she believed the show would be
“_______________ (incredible) satisfying” and hoped it would help people from overseas
learn about the great individuals of China, their personalities, and their inspiring spirits.
解析　句意:作品的导演陈薪伊表示,她相信这场演出将“极其令人满意”,并希望它有
助于海外观众了解中国的伟大人物、他们的品格以及他们鼓舞人心的精神。设空处
修饰形容词satisfying,应用副词形式。故填incredibly。
　incredibly
16. Additionally, special awards for mobile photography and social media engagement
were introduced to encourage ____________(broad) public participation.
解析　句意:此外,还设立了手机摄影和社交媒体参与特别奖,以鼓励更广泛的公众参
与。设空处修饰public participation,且由句意可知,此处表示“更广泛的”,应使用形容
词比较级形式,故填broader。
　broader
17. In 2019, Yuan was awarded the Medal of the Republic, the country's __________(high)
honour, for his contribution to China's food security and scientific development of agricul-
ture, as well as increasing the world's food output.
解析　句意:2019年,袁隆平被授予共和国勋章——国家最高荣誉,以表彰他对中国粮食
安全、农业科学发展以及提高世界粮食产量所做的贡献。根据常识并结合空前the
country's可知,此处表示“最高的”,应用形容词最高级形式。故填highest。
　highest
18. In general, the more sunlight a place gets, the ___________ (warm) it will be.
解析　句意:一般来说,一个地方获得的阳光越多,它就越温暖。“the+比较级..., the+比
较级...”表示“越……越……”,故填warmer。
　warmer
19. In the next two days, the Chinese craft is set to use a __________ (robot) arm and a drill
to collect surface and underground substances and then put them into a sealed container
before elevating the precious materials into lunar orbit for a return journey.
解析　句意:在接下来的两天里,中国航天器将使用一只机械臂和一个钻头采集地表及
地下的物质,并将其放入密封容器,随后将珍贵材料提升至环月轨道以待返回地球。设
空处修饰名词arm,应用形容词形式。故填robotic。
　robotic
20. At 15, Guo Shanqiuyun made a decision to attend middle school in the United States,
and eight years later, made an even _________ (brave) decision to return to China and start
her career in the countryside.
解析　句意:15岁时,郭山秋韵决定去美国读中学。八年后,她作出了一个更勇敢的决定
——回到中国并在乡村开始自己的事业。由空前even可知,设空处应用形容词比较级
形式,表示“更勇敢的”,故填braver。
　braver
21. _________________(geological), the Gobi desert preserves a rich and varied
paleo-environment and is considered a hot spot for fossil discovery.
解析　句意:从地质学角度来看,戈壁沙漠保留了丰富多样的古环境,并且被视作化石发
现的热点地区。设空处修饰后面的整个句子,应用副词形式。故填Geologically。
　Geologically
22. Last year, the cooperative assigned 40 percent of its ____________(expect) earnings to
the shareholders in the village.
解析　句意:去年,合作社将预期收益的40%分配给了村中股东。设空处作定语,修饰名
词earnings,应使用形容词形式,意为“预期的”。
　expected
23. The exhibition area consists of basic, ___________(theme), open, and temporary exhibi-
tion sections.
解析　句意:展区由基本陈列、专题展览、开放展区与临时展览四部分组成。设空处
作定语,与basic、open和temporary并列,共同修饰名词短语exhibition sections,应使用形
容词形式,意为“专题的”。
　themed
24. The province is _______________(energetic) developing characteristic cultural tourism
and carrying out a series of activities to promote the ice and snow economy.
解析　句意:该省正大力发展特色文化旅游,并通过开展系列活动推广冰雪经济。设空
处作状语,修饰动词developing,应使用副词形式,意为“大力,积极地”。
　energetically

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