资源简介

(共27张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clauses
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
分 类
1 限制性定语从句
2 非限制性定语从句
1、形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2、语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that。
She has a brother, who works in a hospital.
The holiday, which we’re looking forward to, is drawing near.
3、语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，若去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
The king never wore clothes which made him unusual.
The king never wore clothes, which made him unusual.
区 别
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
I love the songs that ______(be) gentle.
are
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
关系代词 指代先行词 在从句中的成分
that 人或物 主语、宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语（宾语）
whom 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
先行词是物，that/ which选择问题
4种只用that引导定语从句的情况：
①先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
（注：若先行词是人，只用who不用that）
②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
③先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。
The articles are the very ones that should be read.
④先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the person and things that we remembered.
3种只用which引导定语从句的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句时。
The film is very interesting, which makes me very glad.
②关系代词充当介词的宾语，且位于介词之后时。
This is the room in which he used to live.
③先行词本身是that/those时。（指人时用who）
What about that which had appeared in recent activities
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
辨析1
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
辨析2
as引导的定语从句
as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
We have found the same materials as are used in their factory.
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake.
正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。
The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
She married again，which was unexpected.
她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
关系词 位置不同 表意不同
as 主句之前、中、后 意为“正如……”
which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这……”或“这件事”等
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的成分
时间名词 when 作时间状语
地点名词 where 作地点状语
原因名词 why 作原因状语
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
注意
1. 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
2. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.
Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge.
3. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。
It’s not what you say; it’s the way(that/in which) you say it.
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved.
The woman _____ _____ you talked just now is my teacher.
(2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定
I’ll never forget the day on which my brother joined the army.
There is a big window in my room ________ _______ I can see the railway station.
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
3种形式
1. 单个介词
2. 介词短语
3. num/pron + of
with whom
through which
3种来源
通常用whom指人，which指物；
也可用“介词＋whose＋名词”、from where、since when
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
分 类
1 限制性定语从句
2 非限制性定语从句
that 人或物 主语、宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语（宾语）
whom 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语
when 时间 where 地点 why 原因
通常用whom指人，which指物；
也可用“介词＋whose＋名词”、from where、since when
1. 单个介词
2. 介词短语
3. num/pron + of
第一讲 基础知识梳理
先行词
定语从句
修 饰
被 修 饰
构 成
名词、代词或主句
构 成
关系词
从句
3个作用
1引导定语从句
2代替先行词
3充当从句成分
3个类别
1关系代词
2关系副词
3介词
关系词
This is the place _______ we visited last month.
This is the place _______ we will go next week.
This is the place _______ we will go to next week.
This is the place to _______ we will go next week.
定语从句关系词的选择，先根据定语从句的句子结构判断应填关系代词还是关系副词，然后再根据先行词确定具体的关系词。
具体来说关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；若不缺则用关系副词引导定语从句。
which
where
which
which
第二讲 高考必备技能
一、正确填空
1. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
2. A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
4. It is the third time that she has won the race, _______ has surprised us all.
5. He tries to create an atmosphere _______ workers can communicate effectively.
which
as
who
which
where
第二讲 高考必备技能
一、正确填空
6. The truth is that there are many reasons _______ wars break out.
7. The Great Wall is such a famous tourist attraction _______ draws millions of people every year.
8. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ _______ she could turn for help.
9. In some conflict areas civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.
10. Canada is like a blooming flower, unfolding with breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those enjoy what it has to offer.
why
as
to whom
where
who
第二讲 高考必备技能
二、通顺翻译
1. (2024年全国新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【解析】
句意： Glasshouse作为当代设计的一个伟大成就，将中国西南的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，将植物从它们在亚洲的本土栖息地带到英国，从而阐明了英国园艺的丰富性。
空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。
which/that
第二讲 高考必备技能
2. (2024年全国新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【解析】
句意：纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。
这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，指人，用关系代词who引导。
who
二、通顺翻译
第二讲 高考必备技能
3. (2024年全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【解析】
句意：黄石公园曾是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。
本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which。
which
二、通顺翻译
第二讲 高考必备技能
4. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【解析】
句意：GPNP旨在给所有生活在大熊猫领域内的物种提供更强大的保护，显著提高了这一区域内的生态健康状况。
分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。
that
二、通顺翻译
1（2024·全国新高考·I卷）我也送了他一件在布拉格买的精美纪念品，他欣然接受。（souvenir， Prague）
2（2024·全国新高考·I卷）我决定画一幅池上小桥的水彩画，被鲜花包围。（watercolor）
第二讲 高考必备技能
三、驾驭写作
I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight.
I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded flowers in full bloom.
第二讲 高考必备技能
三、驾驭写作
(2022·全国甲)6月8号的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。
World Ocean Day falls on June 8th which/that is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
(2023·北京)我建议组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色空间，这将使参与者体验到城市公园的美丽。
I suggest organizing a walking tour around the city to explore the green spaces in Beijing, which will allow participants to experience the beauty of the city’s parks.
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
一、定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.
The lady who _______(be) standing behind the counter is my sister.
注
He is one of the students who ________(have) made great progress.
He is the only one of the students who ________(have) made great progress.
is
have
has
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
二、定语从句与并列句的区别
1. She has written many novels, some of ________ are interesting.
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词novels，“some of which”在从句中作主语。
2. She has written many novels, and some of ________ are interesting.
此句为and连接的并列句。
which
them
两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
三、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别
1. She has collected many old stamps, most of _______ are worth thousands of dollars.
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词stamps，“most of which”在从句中作主语，后边有谓语动词are。
2. She has collected many old stamps, most of _______ worth thousands of dollars.
逗号后面没有谓语动词，是独立主格结构，不需要引导词，故填them。
which
them
定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
四、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
1. We young people should go to the place ________ is in need of help.
关系代词which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且在从句中作主语。
2. We young people should go _________ we’re most needed.
where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词go。
which
where
定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
五、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别
1. I will always remember the days ________ I spent with my grandparents in the countryside.
that/which引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the days”，且在从句中作状语。
2. I always remember the days in the countryside ________ I see the photo of my grandparents.
when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词remember。
which
when
定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
六、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
1. This is such an interesting work of art _______ all of us like.
as引导定语从句，as在从句中作like的宾语。
2. This is such an interesting work of art _______ all of us like it.
such...that...引导结果状语从句。
as
that
在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。
补充：
I live in the same house that he used to live in. （同一间房子）
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. （相像的，不是同一件T恤）
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
七、定语从句与主语从句的区别
1. _______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整句话的内容。
2. _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
3. _______ is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
what在此引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，而后面的that引导的则是表语从句。
As
It
What
定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
八、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
作用不同：同位语从句一般用于进一步解释某一抽象名词的含义、内容等；定语从句是修饰先行词的，用于对先行词进行详细描述、限定。
引导词不同：同位语从句常常由that引导；定语从句则由关系代词或关系副词等引导。
The fact that she passed the exam made her parents proud.
The girl who is sitting next to me is my cousin.
第三讲 知识迁移与拓展
九、定语从句与强调句的区别
1. It was on the morning of May 1st ________ I met Liang Wei at the airport.
将句子改为： I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport. 显然，这句话是完整的，故为强调句。
2. It is the factory ________ Mr Wang works.
此句是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知句子不完整，故填where。
that
where
强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。

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