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第二讲　词形转换
　　词形转换是高考语法填空题的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换
的相关题目时，一要根据设空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词或代词
在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语或非谓语，形容词作
表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据
标志词及语境确定形容词或副词的比较等级；三要根据名词前的数词、量
词、冠词等修饰词以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
一、判断是否考查词形转换
第一步：确定是否考查词形转换
　提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换；
提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动
词词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式
　根据句式结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转
换形式。
二、判断词形转换的6种技法
（一）　提示词为动词的词形转换
提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，考虑词形转换。
考察词性转换，一般转换成_____词和_____词。
填名词：谓前作____，谓后作____，______词后和___________ __ 后，
“the+名词+of”、“名词1+of+名词2” “冠词+形容词+名词”，
填名词要考虑______数。
填形容词：名词前、系动词后一般用形容词。
名
形容
单复
主
宾
形容
形容词性物主代词
1. 动词转换为名词
（1）v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration庆祝compete→competition比赛
pollute→pollution污染educate→education教育possess→possession拥有
---词形转换规则
（2）v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
develop→development发展announce→announcement宣布
argue→argument争论；论据encourage→encouragement鼓励
（3）v.＋-r/-er/-or转换为名词，表示“人”
perform→performer表演者settle→settler移民educate→educator教育家
direct→director导演visit→visitor访问者
（一）　提示词为动词的词形转换
（4）v.＋-ure转换为名词
fail→failure mix→mixture press→pressure depart→departure
（5）后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth　die→death　deep→depth　wide→width　warm→warmth
true→truth
（6）后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词
guide→guidance　exist→existence
（7）后缀-al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival　approve→approval survive→survival
---词形转换规则
（一）　提示词为动词的词形转换
2. 动词转换为形容词
（1）v.＋-able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable可接受的
adapt→adaptable能适应的
adjust→adjustable可调节的
afford→affordable负担得起的
（2）v.＋-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused感到困惑的
excite→exciting令人激动的
（3）v.＋-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意义的
（4）v.＋-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的hope→hopeless不抱希望的
---词形转换规则
（一）　提示词为动词的词形转换

1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，__________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
2. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
3. （2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
4. （2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
5. （2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
tasty
arrival
warning
marriage
curiosity
（一）　提示词为动词的词形转换
技巧1：若提示词是______________ ，确定空格填______________ ，应考虑填_____________，同时注意______________的情况。
可数名词单数
名词
名词的复数
不规则变化
（二）　提示词为名词的词形转换
以下情况时要考虑用名词的复数：
（1）有数词或these、 those、 several、 few、 many、 all、 both、
various、 different等词修饰时，用名词的复数形式；
（2）名词前有one of时，用名词的复数形式；
（3）若谓语动词是复数形式，则设空处应用名词的复数形式。
1. （2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common______________ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
2. （2023新课标II卷）They also need to be ready to give______________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
3. Now, lots of ______________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
themes
interviews
countries
（二）　提示词为名词的词形转换
1. 名词变复数的规则：
（1）大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s；如果是以ch、 sh、
s、 x等结尾的单词，则一般加es：trees、 bikes、 books、 buses、
watches、 boxes、 bushes；
（2）辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；但元音字母＋y结尾的单
词，则直接加s：babies、 families、 boys、 plays；
（3）以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro、 hero）、两菜（tomato、
potato）加es外，其余一般加s：radios、 photos；
（4）以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f、 fe为v再加es：wives、 knives、 wolves。
（二）　提示词为名词的词形转换
2. 名词变复数的不规则变化：
（1）man→men、 woman→women、 tooth→teeth、 foot→feet、
child→children、 mouse→mice；
（2）单复数同形： Chinese、 Japanese、 people、 sheep、 deer、 fish。
（二）　提示词为名词的词形转换
（二）　提示词为名词的词形转换
技巧2：提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的____________。①单数名词和不以 s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加_______；②以 s或 es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加______。
所有格
’s
s’
4.(2023·江苏南通调研)It was a good opportunity for me to experience the____________(nation) diverse customs and traditions.
5.(2023·湖南长沙二模)Compared with the class nine years ago, this____________(year) lecture was greatly different.
6.（2022新高考二卷）“He saved my____________（son）life," said Mrs. Brown. “I don't know how to thank him.” “I just didn't want the boy to be hurt,”said Henry.
nation’s
year’s
son’s
（1）n.＋-able honor→honorable可敬的
（2）n.＋-al nature→natural自然的；天生的music→musical音乐的；悦耳的
技巧3：提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀
（二）　提示词为名词的词形转换
（3）n.＋-ful colour→colourful颜色鲜艳的meaning→meaningful有意义的
（4）n.＋-en wood→wooden木质的
（5）n.＋-y wealth→wealthy富有的
（三）　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
技巧1. 形容词、副词的词形转换
（1）分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用
派生的副词或名词；
（2）若设空处作定语、表语，则应考虑用形容词；
（3）若设空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词；
（考察副词，设空一般在句____句____、动词____ ____或两动
词________；形容词________,________________前必用副词）
（4）若设空处在介词后，则应考虑用名词作宾语。
首
末
前
后
之间
前
--ed结尾的词
形容词变副词的规则
（1）以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加-ly：brave→bravely，
immediate→immediately；
（2）一些以-e结尾的形容词去e加-（l）y：true→truly，
simple→simply， gentle→gently， possible→possibly；
（3）“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加-ly：
happy→happily， easy→easily；
（4）以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally：economic→economically，
basic→basically。
（三）　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
技巧 2：
提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变，意思不变，则可能填该词的____级、______级或______级。偶尔也考察_____义词。
原
比较
最高
反
（三）　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
（1）利用标志词确定比较等级
①句子中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a
lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇时用比较级；
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级；
③设空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。
（2）利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，就越……”。
（3）利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需用比较级或最高级。
（三）　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
1.(2023·浙江卷1月)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____________(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________(large) tea producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy...
3.(2021·全国甲卷)After ..., we decided it was time for some action and what____________(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
4.As one of the____________(famous) teas in China，Longjing tea is characterized by its green color，delicate smell，rich taste and beautiful shape.
simpler
largest
better
most famous
（四）　提示词为代词的词形转换
代词的词形转换
1. 分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2. 分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3. 分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4. 分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，
应考虑反身代词。
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
　　　　　　　
人称 类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称
代词 主格 I you he/she/it we you they
宾格 me you him/her/it us you them
物主
代词 形容词
性 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself ourselves yourselves themselves
（四）　提示词为代词的词形转换
牢记代词的句法功能
1. 作主语：人称代词主格。
2. 作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词。
3. 作定语：形容词性物主代词。
4. 如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词。
5. 用it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物
或情况。
6. that、 those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
（四）　提示词为代词的词形转换
1.(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening____________(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in____________(I).
3.(2021·浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
4.(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_________ (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
its
in my memory =in mine
mine
herself
our
（四）　提示词为代词的词形转换
（五）　提示词为数词的词形转换
1. 基数词变序数词
（1）一般由基数词加-th构成：
six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth hundred→hundredth
（2）以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加-th：
twenty→twentieth　thirty→thirtieth
（3）不规则变化：
one→first two→second three→third five→fifth
eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth
2. 年龄、年代表达法
（1）表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one’s＋整十基数词的复
数”，如：in one’s fifties 在某人五十多岁时；
（2）表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如：
in the thirties 在三十年代。
（五）　提示词为数词的词形转换
题组一：
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry_________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
2.(2023·广东深圳检测)No sooner had I reached the finishing line than they_________ (begin) to cheer.
3.(2023·辽宁沈阳期末)This was the first time that such behavior _______________ (observe) in an non human animal.
was fixing
be doing...when...”固定句型
began
“no sooner had sb. done...than..did.”结构，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
had been observed
固定句型“This was the first time that sb. had done sth”
“This is the first time that sb. have done sth”
Tips 1：特别注意一些固定句式中的特定谓语形式。
（六）　特殊句型和固定搭配
题组二：
4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether_________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)... or to put the whole...
5.(全国Ⅲ卷)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take_________ (get) there.
6.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible_________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
7.(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years_________ (record) everything I discovered.
to bite
to get
to walk
recording
Tips 2：特别注意一些固定搭配中的特定非谓语形式。
“wh ＋to do”结构
It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.
It ＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.
spend time (in) doing sth.
（六）　特殊句型和固定搭配
Tips3：下列单词“一个坚持________，两个命令________、________，三个建议________、_______、__________，四项要求________、________、________、________，一个敦促________”后接的名词性从句，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即________________或_______________________。
题组三：
8. The teacher insists that the homework _________ (finish) on time.
9. The company requests that all employees _________ (wear) formal attire to work.
should be finished
should wear
insist
order
command
suggest
advice
recommand
require
request
desire
demand
urge
should do (表主动)
should be done (表被动)
（六）　特殊句型和固定搭配
学以致用---语法填空（2019.全国一卷）
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____61____(long) than non-runners.You don't have to run fast or for long ____62____(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____63____(die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it____64____(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____67____(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____68____ (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ____69____(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try.
longer
to see
dying
is
causes
strengthen
energetic
Thank you

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