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Unit 8 Once upon a Time 单元词汇梳理
本单元主题是“从前”，通过经典童话和寓言故事（如《渔夫和金鱼》、《皇帝的新装》、《丑小鸭》等），重点学习一般过去时的用法，以及叙述故事的基本要素。
一、 核心单词与短语详解
（一） 故事开端与背景
upon / p n/ prep. 在……上
【拓展】同义词：on。在现代英语中较正式，常用于固定短语。
Once upon a time, there lived a king.
从前，住着一位国王。
once upon a time 从前；很久以前
【注意】常用于故事的开头，句子时态通常用一般过去时。
Once upon a time, animals could talk.
很久以前，动物会说话。
long ago 很久以前
Long ago, people lived in caves.
很久以前，人们住在山洞里。
emperor / emp r (r)/ n. 皇帝
The emperor liked new clothes very much.
这位皇帝非常喜欢新衣服。
king /k / n. 君主；国王
The lion is the king of the forest.
狮子是森林之王。
（二） 动作与情节发展
bite /ba t/ v. 咬；咬伤
【规则变化】不规则动词：过去式 bit /b t/。
【搭配】bite through 咬穿。
The mouse bit through the net.
老鼠咬破了网。
promise / pr m s/ v. 承诺；保证 n. 承诺；诺言
【搭配】make a promise 许下诺言；keep a promise 信守诺言；promise to do sth. 承诺做某事。
He promised to help me.
他承诺过会帮我。
lie /la / v. 撒谎 n. 谎言
【易错点】 1. 作“撒谎”讲是规则动词：lie - lied - lied (现在分词 lying)。
2. 作“躺；位于”讲是不规则动词：lie - lay - lain (现在分词 lying)。
3. 本单元重点是“撒谎”。
【搭配】tell a lie / tell lies 撒谎；lie to sb. 向某人撒谎。
It's wrong to tell lies.
撒谎是不对的。
pretend /pr tend/ v. 假装；伪装
【搭配】pretend to do sth. 假装做某事；pretend that... 假装……
He pretended to be asleep.
他假装睡着了。
decide /d sa d/ v. 决定
【搭配】decide to do sth. 决定做某事；make a decision 做决定。
They decided to go for a picnic.
他们决定去野餐。
praise /pre z/ v. & n. 赞美；表扬
The teacher praised him for his hard work.
老师表扬了他的努力工作。
laugh at 嘲笑
【注意】laugh (笑) 是不及物动词，接宾语需加介词 at。
Don't laugh at others' mistakes.
不要嘲笑别人的错误。
search /s t / v. 寻找；搜寻
【搭配】search for 寻找（某人/某物）；search + 地点 搜查（某地）。
They are searching for the missing dog.
他们正在寻找那只走失的狗。
lay /le / v. 下(蛋)；放置；搁
【易错点】不规则动词：lay - laid - laid。容易与 lie (躺 - lay - lain) 混淆。
The hen laid an egg yesterday.
这只母鸡昨天生了一个蛋。
set /set/ v. 使处于某种状况；使开始
【搭配】set ... free 释放；set off 出发。
The boy set the bird free.
男孩把鸟放飞了。
die /da / v. 死亡；消失
【规则变化】过去式 died；现在分词 dying；形容词 dead (死的)；名词 death (死亡)。
The poor dog died last week.
那只可怜的狗上周死了。
succeed /s k si d/ v. 成功
【搭配】succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事。
【拓展】名词 success；形容词 successful。
He finally succeeded in solving the problem.
他最终成功解决了这个问题。
（三） 人物特征与情感
wise /wa z/ adj. 明智的；高明的
【拓展】名词 wisdom (智慧)。
It is a wise decision.
这是一个明智的决定。
silly / s li/ adj. 愚蠢的；傻的
【拓展】近义词：stupid / foolish。
Don't ask such silly questions.
别问这种傻问题。
afraid / fre d/ adj. 害怕的；担心的
【搭配】be afraid of... 害怕……；be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事。
The mouse was afraid of the lion.
老鼠害怕狮子。
true /tru / adj. 符合事实的；真正的
【拓展】名词 truth (真相)；反义词 false (错误的)。
Is the story true
这个故事是真的吗？
truth /tru θ/ n. 真相；事实
【搭配】tell the truth 说实话。
You must tell me the truth.
你必须告诉我真相。
hate /he t/ v. 不喜欢；厌恶；讨厌
【搭配】hate doing sth. / hate to do sth.
I hate being late.
我讨厌迟到。
ugly / ɡli/ adj. 丑陋的；难看的
【拓展】反义词：beautiful (美丽的)。
The ugly duckling became a beautiful swan.
丑小鸭变成了一只美丽的天鹅。
rich /r t / adj. 富有的；富含……的
【拓展】反义词：poor (贫穷的)。
The king was very rich.
国王非常富有。
powerful / pa fl/ adj. 强大的；有影响力的
【规则变化】名词 power (力量) + 后缀 -ful。
The genie is very powerful.
那个精灵非常强大。
（四） 物品与代词
net /net/ n. 网；网状物
【搭配】Internet 互联网。
The lion was caught in a net.
狮子被网抓住了。
official / f l/ n. 官员；高级职员
The officials were afraid to tell the truth.
官员们不敢说真话。
duckling / d kl / n. 小鸭子
【规则变化】duck (鸭子) + 后缀 -ling (表示“小”)。
The mother duck led her ducklings to the water.
鸭妈妈带着小鸭子们下水了。
swan /sw n/ n. 天鹅
Swans have white feathers.
天鹅有白色的羽毛。
feather / fe (r)/ n. 羽毛
【拓展】谚语：Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。
The bird has blue feathers.
这只鸟有蓝色的羽毛。
fisherman / f m n/ n. 渔夫
【规则变化】复数形式：fishermen。
The fisherman lived by the sea.
渔夫住在海边。
someone / s mw n/ pron. 某人；有人
【注意】常用于肯定句；疑问句中表示委婉请求或希望得到肯定回答时也可用。
There is someone at the door.
门口有人。
anyone / eniw n/ pron. 任何人；某个人
【注意】常用于否定句和疑问句。
Did anyone see my bag
有人看见我的包了吗？
himself /h m self/ pron. 他自己；他本人
【规则变化】反身代词。
He bought himself a new book.
他给自己买了一本新书。
instead of 而不是；代替
【搭配】后接名词、代词或动名词 (doing sth.)。
He went fishing instead of doing homework.
他去钓鱼了，而不是做作业。
in the end 最后；终究
【拓展】同义短语：at last / finally。
In the end, the prince and princess lived happily ever after.
最后，王子和公主过上了幸福的生活。
（五） 补充词汇 (Review from Primary School)
catch v. 捕捉 -> 过去式 caught
sell v. 出售 -> 过去式 sold
arm n. 手臂
leg n. 腿
cry v. 大叫；哭
money n. 钱
二、 单元单词练习
（一）单项选择
1. The story happened ________.
A. once upon a time B. at the moment C. in the future D. right now
2. The old man told the children not to ________ lies.
A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
3. Everyone laughed ________ the silly emperor, but a little boy told the truth.
A. to B. on C. at D. with
4. We should drink more water ________ sugary drinks.
A. instead B. instead of C. because D. because of
5. —Did you go to the cinema alone
—No, I went with ________.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The hunter ________ (catch) a lion yesterday.
2. To our surprise, the ________ (ugly) duckling became a white swan.
3. He pretended ________ (not see) me when he walked past.
4. It is important to tell the ________ (true).
（三）短文填空（根据首字母或语境填空）
Once upon a time, there was a farmer. He had a goose. One day, the goose (1) l________ a golden egg. The farmer was very happy. He sold the egg for a lot of (2) m________. Every day, the goose laid a golden egg. The farmer became very (3) r________. But he was greedy (贪婪的). He thought, "There must be many golden eggs (4) i________ the goose. If I kill it, I can get all of them at once." So he (5) d________ to kill the goose. He cut it open, but he found nothing. The goose (6) d________, and he had no more golden eggs. The farmer was very sad. He realized it was (7) s________ to be so greedy. We should be happy with what we have (8) i________ of wanting everything at once. This story teaches us a (9) w________ lesson.
参考答案
（一）单项选择： 1. A (once upon a time 从前) 2. D (tell lies 撒谎) 3. C (laugh at 嘲笑) 4. B (instead of 代替) 5. B (someone 用于肯定回答或表示确指某人)
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. caught (yesterday提示过去时) 2. ugly (形容词修饰名词) 3. not to see (pretend to do, 否定pretend not to do) 4. truth (the后接名词)
（三）短文填空： 1. laid 2. money 3. rich 4. inside 5. decided 6. died 7. silly / foolish 8. instead 9. wise

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