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沪教版英语七年级下册 Unit 4 单元词汇梳理
一、 单词与词组详解
1. dolphin / d lf n/ n. 海豚
Dolphins are very clever and they can perform tricks. 海豚非常聪明，它们能表演杂技。
2. blind /bla nd/ adj. 瞎的；失明的
【用法】the blind (盲人，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数) 【拓展】go blind (变瞎)
The guide dog helps the blind man cross the road safely. 导盲犬帮助这位盲人安全地过马路。
3. wool /w l/ n. 羊毛；毛线
【易错点】不可数名词 【形容词】woollen (羊毛制的)
This sweater is made of wool. 这件毛衣是羊毛做的。
4. receptionist /r sep n st/ n. 接待员
【构词】receive (v. 接待/收到) + -tion = reception (n. 接待) + -ist (人)
The receptionist gave me the key to my room. 接待员把房间钥匙给了我。
5. allow / la / v. 允许进入(或通过)；准许
【重点搭配】allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事) 【被动】sb. be allowed to do sth.
My parents don't allow me to play computer games on weekdays. 我父母不允许我周一到周五玩电脑游戏。
6. apologize / p l d a z/ v. 道歉
【重点搭配】apologize to sb. for doing sth. (因做某事向某人道歉) 【名词】apology (make an apology to sb.)
You should apologize to the teacher for being late. 你应该因为迟到向老师道歉。
7. asleep / sli p/ adj. 睡着的
【易错点】只能作表语，不能作定语修饰名词（如不能说 an asleep boy）。 【搭配】fall asleep (入睡，强调动作)；be asleep (睡着了，强调状态)
The baby fell asleep in her mother's arms. 婴儿在妈妈怀里睡着了。
8. fireman / fa m n/ n. 消防队员
【复数】firemen
The brave firemen saved many people from the fire. 勇敢的消防员从火灾中救出了许多人。
9. search-and-rescue / s t nd reskju / n./adj. 搜索救援
【构词】合成词，常作定语修饰名词，如 search-and-rescue team (搜救队)。
Search-and-rescue dogs can find people under the snow. 搜救犬能发现雪底下的人。
10. disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难；灾害
The earthquake was a terrible disaster. 那场地震是一场可怕的灾难。
11. guard /ɡɑ d/ v. 守卫；保卫; n. 卫兵
A dog can guard your house when you are away. 你不在家时，狗可以看家护院。
12. material /m t ri l/ n. 材料；原料
Wood is a common building material. 木头是一种常见的建筑材料。
13. either / a (r)/ adv. (用于否定句)也
【辨析】too (肯定句末)；also (句中)；either (否定句末)。 【搭配】either...or... (或者……或者……)
I don't like bananas, and I don't like apples either. 我不喜欢香蕉，我也不喜欢苹果。
14. scared /ske d/ adj. 惊恐的；恐惧的
【搭配】be scared of (doing) sth. (害怕...) 【同义】afraid, frightened
The little girl is scared of snakes. 那个小女孩害怕蛇。
15. probably / pr b bli/ adv. 很可能；大概
【形容词】probable (可能的)
It will probably rain this afternoon. 今天下午很可能会下雨。
16. sometime / s mta m/ adv. 在某时（指将来或过去的某个不确定的时间）
【辨析】
sometime: 某时 (I will go there sometime next year.)
sometimes: 有时 (I sometimes walk to school.)
some time: 一段时间 (I need some time to finish it.)
Let's have dinner together sometime next week. 咱们下周找个时间一起吃晚饭吧。
17. extinct / k st kt/ adj. 已灭绝的；绝种的
【搭配】go/become extinct (灭绝)
Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago. 恐龙在数百万年前灭绝了。
18. effort / ef t/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试
【搭配】make an effort (to do sth.) (做出努力)
He put a lot of effort into learning English. 他在学习英语上投入了很大精力。
19. lead (sb) to 带着（某人）到……；通向……
The path leads to the forest. 这条小路通向森林。
20. fall asleep 入睡；睡着
【用法】表示动作的瞬间，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
It took me a long time to fall asleep last night. 昨晚我花了很长时间才睡着。
二、 单元“单词”练习
（一） 单项选择 (5道)
1. My brother was so tired that he ______ on the sofa immediately.
A. fell asleep B. was asleep C. went to bed D. sleep
2. — I won’t go to the party tonight.
— I won’t, ______. I have too much homework to do.
A. too B. also C. either D. neither
3. If we don’t protect them, these animals may become ______ soon.
A. dangerous B. extinct C. alive D. excited
4. The teacher didn’t ______ the students ______ enter the lab without permission.
A. let; to B. allow; / C. allow; to D. make; to
5. You should ______ your mother ______ breaking her favorite vase.
A. apologize to; for B. apologize for; to C. say sorry to; to D. apologize to; to
（二） 用所给词的适当形式填空 (4道)
1. Look at those ____________ (fireman). They are working hard to put out the fire.
2. He realized he made a mistake and made an ____________ (apologize) to me.
3. It is ____________ (probable) going to snow tomorrow, so wear warm clothes.
4. The ____________ (blind) need more care and help from society.
（三） 短文填空 (9道小题)
Animals are our friends. Some animals are very helpful. For example, dogs are clever and brave. They can help people in many ways. Some dogs are trained to be guide dogs. They can lead (1) ____________ (blind) people to cross the street safely. Some dogs work as (2) ____________ (guard). They can look after our houses when we are away or (3) ____________ (sleep). In a (4) ____________ (disaster) like an earthquake, search-and-rescue dogs play an important role. They use their noses to find people under the ruins. They make a great (5) ____________ (effort) to save lives. However, some animals are in danger. Sharks are strong, but many of them are killed for food. We should not eat shark fin soup. If we don't protect them, they may become (6) ____________ (extinct) (7) ____________ (sometime) in the future. We should (8) ____________ (allow) animals to live freely. We must protect them and not make them (9) ____________ (scare) of humans.
三、 参考答案
（一）单项选择
1. A (fall asleep表示入睡的动作，fits context)
2. C (否定句末用either)
3. B (become extinct 灭绝)
4. C (allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事)
5. A (apologize to sb. for sth. 向某人因某事道歉)
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
1. firemen (those提示复数，man变men)
2. apology (an后接名词)
3. probably (修饰动词或句子用副词)
4. blind (the blind 表示盲人这一类人)
（三）短文填空
1. blind (形容词修饰people)
2. guards (作为卫兵/看守，用复数)
3. asleep (be asleep 处于睡着的状态)
4. disaster (名词，灾难)
5. effort (make an effort 做出努力)
6. extinct (become extinct 灭绝)
7. sometime (在将来的某时)
8. allow (should后接原形)
9. scared (make sb. + adj., 感到害怕的用scared)

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