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沪教版英语七年级下册 Unit 5-8 重点语法归纳
Unit 5 Water is life
数量的表达
本单元重点在于如何询问和描述可数名词与不可数名词的数量。
考点1 询问数量
疑问词组 用法 例句
How many 修饰可数名词复数 How many apples do we have (我们要多少苹果？)
How much 修饰不可数名词 How much water is there in the bottle (瓶子里有多少水？)
考点2 表示数量的词/短语
修饰词 修饰对象 含义
many 可数名词复数 许多
much 不可数名词 许多
a lot of / lots of 可数复数 / 不可数 许多（常用于肯定句）
a few 可数名词复数 有一些，几个（表肯定）
a little 不可数名词 有一点（表肯定）
few 可数名词复数 几乎没有（表否定）
little 不可数名词 几乎没有（表否定）
【易错点】enough 的位置：
enough (足够的) 修饰名词时放在名词前，修饰形容词或副词时放在形容词或副词后。
There is enough food. (有足够的食物。)
The boy is old enough to go to school. (这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。)
Unit 5 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. We have ______ time left. Let's hurry up.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
2. —______ milk do you need
—Two glasses, please.
A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long
3. There are ______ students in the playground.
A. a lot B. a little C. much D. lots of
4. I am thirsty. Can you give me ______ water
A. some B. any C. many D. few
5. The room is big ______ for us to hold a party.
A. too B. very C. enough D. so
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. How many ________ (kilo) of apples did you buy
7. We should drink eight ________ (glass) of water every day.
8. Water is precious. We must use it ________ (wise).
9. A drop of water has a long ________ (journey) to reach our taps.
三、短文填空
Water is very important to us. All living things need water to survive. However, there is not 10. ________ (many/much) fresh water on Earth. In some places, people do not have enough clean water to 11. ________ (drink). We use water in many ways in our 12. ________ (day) life. We use it to brush our teeth, wash our faces and take a 13. ________ (bathe/bath). We also use it to cook food and wash clothes. Water also plays an important role 14. ________ industry and agriculture. Factories need water to make goods. Farmers need water to grow crops. We should not waste water. Remember to turn 15. ________ the tap when you are not using it. If the tap is broken, we should 16. ________ (fix) it at once. We can reuse water, too. For example, we can use the water for washing vegetables to 17. ________ (water) the flowers. Let's try our best to 18. ________ (saving) every drop of water.
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. C (时间不可数，hurry up暗示时间不多) 2. B 3. D 4. A (希望得到肯定回答用some) 5. C
二、词形填空：6. kilos 7. glasses 8. wisely 9. journey
三、短文填空：10. much 11. drink 12. daily 13. bath 14. in 15. off 16. fix 17. water 18. save
Unit 6 Electricity everywhere
情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
考点1 can / cannot (can't)
表示能力： 意为“能，会”。
I can swim. (我会游泳。)
表示许可： 意为“可以”（口语中常用）。
Can I use your pen (我可以用你的钢笔吗？)
考点2 may / may not
表示许可： 意为“可以”（比can更正式）。
May I come in (我可以进来吗？)
表示推测： 意为“可能，也许”。
It may rain tomorrow. (明天可能下雨。)
考点3 must / must not (mustn't)
表示必要性/义务： 意为“必须”。
We must follow the traffic rules. (我们必须遵守交通规则。)
表示禁止： must not (mustn't) 意为“禁止，千万别”。
You mustn't play with fire. (你千万别玩火。)
【注意】回答 must 的疑问句：
—Must I finish the work now (我必须现在完成工作吗？)
—Yes, you must. (是的，必须。)
—No, you needn't / you don't have to. (不，不必。)
注意：否定回答不能用 mustn't，因为 mustn't 表示“禁止”。
Unit 6 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. —Must I clean the room now
—No, you ______. You can do it later.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
2. The sign says "No Photos". So you ______ take photos here.
A. must B. mustn't C. can D. need
3. —______ I open the window It's hot inside.
—Yes, please.
A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need
4. Electricity is dangerous. You ______ touch the wire with wet hands.
A. can B. may C. must D. must not
5. —Can you play the guitar
—No, I ______, but I can play the piano.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. We use electricity ________ (power) many things in our homes.
7. Please read the ________ (instruct) before you use the new camera.
8. Remember to turn off the ________ (electric) appliances when you leave.
9. It is dangerous to stand under a tree on ________ (rain) days.
三、短文填空
Electricity is very useful in our daily life. It gives us light and heat. It makes machines work. However, electricity can be 10. ________ (danger) if we do not use it carefully. We must follow some safety 11. ________ (rule). First, never touch switches 12. ________ wet hands. Water conducts electricity easily. Second, do not put too many plugs into one socket. It may cause a fire. Third, we should turn 13. ________ the lights when we leave a room. This can help save energy. Also, we can use 14. ________ (nature) light during the day instead 15. ________ electric lights. In summer, we'd better set the air conditioner at a proper temperature. Using electricity 16. ________ (wise) is everyone's duty. If we waste electricity, we waste energy resources. Let's take action to be green 17. ________ (consume). A small change can make a big 18. ________ (different).
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
二、词形填空：6. to power 7. instructions 8. electrical 9. rainy
三、短文填空：10. dangerous 11. rules 12. with 13. off 14. natural 15. of 16. wisely 17. consumers 18. difference
Unit 7 Role models of our time
感叹句
感叹句用于表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感。主要由 What 或 How 引导。
考点1 What 引导的感叹句
结构：What + 名词短语 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a nice girl (she is)! (多好的女孩啊！)
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What beautiful flowers (they are)! (多美的花啊！)
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What bad weather (it is)! (多糟糕的天气啊！)
考点2 How 引导的感叹句
结构：How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
How fast the boy runs! (这男孩跑得多快啊！)
How tall the tree is! (这树多高啊！)
【规则变化】如何区分用 What 还是 How？
去掉主语和谓语，看剩下的部分：
如果剩下的是名词（或形容词+名词），用 What。
如果剩下的只有形容词或副词，用 How。
Unit 7 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. ______ interesting book it is! I have read it twice.
A. What a B. What an C. How D. What
2. ______ heavily it is raining outside!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
3. ______ kind women they are! They help the old man cross the road.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
4. ______ delicious the food smells!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How an
5. ______ brave soldier he is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Tu Youyou is one of the greatest ________ (science) in China.
7. We should show our ________ (respectful) to the heroes.
8. Qian Xuesen made great ________ (contribute) to our country.
9. She devoted her life to ________ (help) poor children.
三、短文填空
A role model is someone we admire and want to be like.袁隆平 (Yuan Longping) is a role model for many people. He is known 10. ________ the "Father of Hybrid Rice". He worked 11. ________ (hard) in the fields for many years. He wanted to help people have enough food to eat. 12. ________ (lucky), he succeeded. His hybrid rice helps feed millions of people in China and around the world. He won many 13. ________ (award) for his great work. Although he was famous, he lived a simple life. He was always ready to face 14. ________ (challenge). We should learn 15. ________ him. We should study hard and try our best to 16. ________ (achieve) our dreams. 17. ________ a great man he was! We will remember him 18. ________ (for ever/forever).
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. B 2. C 3. A (复数名词用What) 4. C 5. C
二、词形填空：6. scientists 7. respect 8. contributions 9. helping
三、短文填空：10. as 11. hard 12. Luckily 13. awards 14. challenges 15. from 16. achieve 17. What 18. forever
Unit 8 Follow your interests
1. 时间状语从句
用连词连接一个句子作状语，表示动作发生的时间。
考点 常见连词
when (当……时候)：既可指时间点，也可指时间段。
When I grow up, I want to be a pilot.
while (当……时候)：通常指时间段，从句谓语动词常用延续性动词（如wait, sleep, read）。
My mum was cooking while I was doing my homework.
before (在……之前) / after (在……之后)。
Wash your hands before you eat.
until / till (直到……)：
肯定句中谓语动词用延续性动词；否定句中 (not... until) 谓语动词用瞬间动词，意为“直到……才……”。
I waited until he came. / I didn't go to bed until my mother came back.
2. used to / did not use to
表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在已经不再发生了。
考点 句式结构
肯定句： Subject + used to + 动词原形...
I used to play football after school. (我过去常常放学后踢足球。)
否定句： Subject + didn't use to + 动词原形...
She didn't use to like vegetables. (她以前不喜欢吃蔬菜。)
疑问句： Did + Subject + use to + 动词原形...
Did you use to live here
【易错点辨析】
used to do sth.：过去常常做某事（现在不做了）。
be/get used to doing sth.：习惯于做某事。
Unit 8 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. I ______ play the violin, but now I play the piano.
A. use to B. used to C. am used to D. get used to
2. Please turn off the lights ______ you leave the classroom.
A. before B. after C. until D. while
3. He didn't go to sleep ______ he finished his homework.
A. when B. after C. until D. as
4. My mother was cooking ______ my father was reading a newspaper.
A. before B. after C. when D. while
5. My grandfather is used to ______ up early in the morning.
A. get B. gets C. getting D. got
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Patrick Moore became interested in the stars when he ________ (be) a boy.
7. She used to ________ (have) long hair, but now she has short hair.
8. He wants to turn his interest into a ________ (careering/career).
9. While I ________ (walk) to school, I met my friend.
三、短文填空
Everyone has their own interests. My hobby is reading. I used to 10. ________ (spending) a lot of time playing computer games. But one day, my mother bought me a book about space. I started to read it and found it very 11. ________ (interest). I learnt a lot of 12. ________ (know) about the universe. Since then, I have fallen in love with reading. Now, I often go to the library 13. ________ school. I read books 14. ________ (while/until) the library closes. Reading helps me open my eyes and see the world 15. ________ (clear). I want to be a writer 16. ________ the future. I believe that if I keep reading and writing, my dream will 17. ________ (come) true. Follow your interests, and you will live a happy 18. ________ (life).
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. B 2. A (离开之前关灯) 3. C (not...until) 4. D (两个动作同时进行用while) 5. C (be used to doing)
二、词形填空：6. was 7. have 8. career 9. was walking
三、短文填空：10. spend 11. interesting 12. knowledge 13. after 14. until 15. clearly 16. in e 18. life沪教版英语七年级下册 Unit 1-4 重点语法归纳
Unit 1 People around us
定冠词 the 的用法
定冠词 the 是英语中限定词的一种，用于特指名词，表示“这个”或“那个”。与不定冠词 a/an 不同，the 既可以修饰单数可数名词，也可以修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。
考点1 基本用法
特指某（些）人或某（些）物：
The man in the brown jacket is my dad.（穿棕色夹克的那个男人是我爸爸。）
指上文提到过的人或物（第二次提到）：
I have a dog. The dog is very smart.（我有一只狗。这只狗很聪明。）
指谈话双方都知道的人或物：
Open the door, please.（请把门打开。）
用在世界上独一无二的事物前：
the sun (太阳), the moon (月亮), the earth (地球), the world (世界).
The sun is shining brightly.
【规则变化】乐器前的定冠词：
在表示演奏乐器时，乐器名词前通常要加 the。
play the guitar (弹吉他), play the piano (弹钢琴), play the violin (拉小提琴)。
注意：play chess (下棋), play football (踢足球) 等球类或棋类运动前不加 the。
【拓展】其他常见用法：
1. 用在序数词前：the first day (第一天)。
2. 用在形容词最高级前：She is the best student. (她是最好的学生)。
3. 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人：The Browns (布朗一家人)。
Unit 1 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Look at ______ moon in the sky. It's so bright tonight.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. My brother likes playing ______ basketball, but I like playing ______ piano.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
3. There is an apple on the table. ______ apple is for you.
A. A B. An C. The D. Some
4. Alice is ______ honest girl. We all like her.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. ______ woman in the red dress is our English teacher.
A. A B. An C. / D. The
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. My grandma was a doctor before she ________ (retire).
7. Mr Li always ________ (encourage) us to think in new ways.
8. She is a ________ (cheer) girl and always has a smile on her face.
9. We should take good care of our ________ (relative).
三、短文填空
My grandfather is an important person in my life. He is 70 years old, but he is still very 10. ________ (activity). He lives in a small 11. ________ (communal/community) with my grandmother. He used to be a teacher. Now he enjoys 12. ________ (read) books in the garden. In the morning, he often 13. ________ (play) tai chi in the park. He is very kind 14. ________ his neighbours. If someone needs help, he is always ready to give 15. ________ (support). He tells me that we should be 16. ________ (patience) with others. I want to be a person 17. ________ him. I love my grandfather 18. ________ (very).
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D
二、词形填空：6. retired 7. encourages 8. cheerful 9. relatives
三、短文填空：10. active 11. community 12. reading 13. plays 14. to 15. support 16. patient 17. like 18. very much / deeply
Unit 2 Travelling around the world
1. 专有名词
专有名词是表示具体的人、地方、机构、节日、时间等名称的词。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。
考点 常见类别
类别 示例
人名 Alice, Mr Li, Dr Qian
地名（国家、城市、景点） China, Paris, the Eiffel Tower, Shenzhen
时间（星期、月份、节日） Monday, January, the Spring Festival
组织机构 the United Nations (联合国)
【注意】 由普通名词构成的专有名词（如 the Great Wall），如果有冠词 the，the 不大写（除非在句首），但实词的首字母要大写。
2. 并列连词 and, but, so
连词用于连接单词、短语或句子。
考点 用法辨析
and (和，并且)： 表示并列或顺承关系。
I like travelling, and I want to be a travel writer.
but (但是)： 表示转折关系。
I live near my school, but I am often late.
so (所以)： 表示因果关系（引出结果）。
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
【易错点】 在英语中，because (因为) 和 so (所以) 不能在同一个句子里连用。
错误：Because it rained, so I didn't go out.
正确：Because it rained, I didn't go out. 或 It rained, so I didn't go out.
Unit 2 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Usually we go to school from ______ to Friday.
A. monday B. Monday C. MONDAY D. mondays
2. I want to buy the dress, ______ I don't have enough money.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
3. Paris is the capital of ______.
A. france B. France C. French D. french
4. The boy is very young, ______ he can speak two languages.
A. but B. and C. so D. because
5. My father likes swimming, ______ my mother likes reading.
A. so B. or C. because D. and
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. There are many famous ________ (scene) spots in Beijing.
7. We are planning a ________ (sightsee) trip to London.
8. This is a ________ (beauty) park with many flowers.
9. Tourists from different ________ (country) visit the Great Wall every year.
三、短文填空
Last summer, my parents and I went to France. It is a beautiful country in 10. ________ (europe). We visited the Eiffel Tower. It is a famous 11. ________ (land) in Paris. It is made of 12. ________ (mental/metal). We stood on the top and looked at the city. It was amazing. We also went to a nice 13. ________ (coffee/café) and had some coffee. The people there were very friendly. My mum bought some 14. ________ (wine) for my grandpa because French wine is famous. We took many 15. ________ (photo) during the trip. Although the trip was tiring, 16. ________ we were very happy. It was a 17. ________ (wonder) experience. I hope to visit France again 18. ________ (one) day.
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
二、词形填空：6. scenic 7. sightseeing 8. beautiful 9. countries
三、短文填空：10. Europe 11. landmark 12. metal 13. café 14. wine 15. photos 16. still 17. wonderful 18. one
16题思路：Although引导让步状语从句，主句不能用but，但可以用still (仍然) 来加强语气。
Unit 3 Trees and us
现在进行时
表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动。
考点1 句式结构
be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing (现在分词)
肯定句：I am reading. / He is sleeping. / They are playing.
否定句：I am not reading. / He isn't sleeping.
疑问句：Are you reading - Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
考点2 动词-ing 变化规则
规则 示例
一般情况 直接加 -ing (read → reading)
以不发音字母 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing (make → making, write → writing)
重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾字母 加 -ing (sit → sitting, run → running, swim → swimming)
【标志词】 句中常出现 now, look, listen, at the moment 等词。
Look! The bird is flying.
Listen! She is singing.
Unit 3 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. Listen! Someone ______ in the next room.
A. sings B. sang C. is singing D. are singing
2. —Where is your father
—He ______ the car in the garden.
A. washes B. is washing C. washed D. wash
3. Look! The boys ______ football on the playground.
A. play B. plays C. is playing D. are playing
4. It's 8 o'clock now. My family ______ TV.
A. watch B. are watching C. is watching D. watches
5. —______ you ______ your homework
—Yes, I am.
A. Do; do B. Are; doing C. Is; doing D. Are; do
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Look! The bus ________ (come).
7. The children ________ (swim) in the pool right now.
8. Trees can protect us by ________ (produce) oxygen.
9. They are ________ (dig) holes to plant trees.
三、短文填空
It is Sunday morning. We are in the park. The sun is 10. ________ (shine). Many people 11. ________ (be) relaxing here. Look! Some old men are 12. ________ (sit) under a big tree. They are 13. ________ (chat) happily. A young girl is 14. ________ (read) a book on the bench. Two boys 15. ________ (run) on the grass. What are the birds doing They are 16. ________ (sing) in the trees. Trees are our friends. They keep the air clean and cool. We should 17. ________ (protection) them. Everyone is 18. ________ (have) a good time in the park.
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B
二、词形填空：6. is coming 7. are swimming 8. producing 9. digging
三、短文填空：10. shining 11. are 12. sitting 13. chatting 14. reading 15. are running 16. singing 17. protect 18. having
Unit 4 Our animal friends
1. 反身代词
当主语和宾语是指同一个人或事物时，宾语用反身代词。也可以用来表示“亲自”或强调主语。
考点1 常见反身代词
人称 单数 (-self) 复数 (-selves)
第一人称 myself (我自己) ourselves (我们自己)
第二人称 yourself (你自己) yourselves (你们自己)
第三人称 himself, herself, itself themselves (他们/它们自己)
考点2 常见搭配
enjoy oneself (玩得开心) = have a good time
teach oneself (自学) = learn by oneself
by oneself (独自地) = alone / on one's own
help oneself to... (随便吃/用……)
2. 方位介词
用来描述人或物体所在的位置。
考点 常见介词
in (在……里面), on (在……上面)
under (在……下面), behind (在……后面)
next to (紧邻；在……旁边), beside (在……旁边)
between... and... (在……和……之间)
in front of (在……前面 - 外部), in the front of (在……前部 - 内部)
Unit 4 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The cat is washing ______ face.
A. it B. its C. itself D. it's
2. I usually finish my homework by ______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
3. —Did you enjoy ______ at the party
—Yes, we had fun.
A. yourself B. you C. yours D. yourselves
4. There is a garden ______ my house.
A. in front of B. in the front of C. on D. between
5. The dog is sleeping ______ the sofa.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. My little sister is too young to look after ________ (her).
7. The students taught ________ (them) English last year.
8. Help ________ (you) to some fish, children.
9. The blind man and his dog are walking ________ (slow) across the street.
三、短文填空
Dogs are our good friends. They are clever and helpful. My uncle has a guide dog. Its name is Charlie. Charlie is not just a pet. He helps my uncle in his daily life. When my uncle wants to go out, Charlie leads him. Charlie always walks 10. ________ (next) to my uncle. He waits 11. ________ (patient) when the traffic light is red. He helps my uncle cross the road 12. ________ (safe). Sometimes, Charlie plays by 13. ________ (him) in the garden. He can catch a ball and bring it back. He looks 14. ________ (after) my uncle very well. We should treat animals 15. ________ (kind). They can do many things for us. They can help blind people, guard houses and even save people in danger. We should learn to live 16. ________ (with) them happily. Do you have a pet Please tell us a story about 17. ________ (you) and your pet. Let's share 18. ________ (we) stories.
【答案】
一、单项选择：1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B
二、词形填空：6. herself 7. themselves 8. yourselves 9. slowly
三、短文填空：10. next 11. patiently 12. safely 13. himself 14. after 15. kindly 16. with 17. yourself 18. our

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