资源简介

(共50张PPT)
Reading and Thinking
新人教选择性必修二
Unit 5 First Aid
Learning Objectives
Recognize the text types and get main idea of the text.
Understand the causes, types and characteristics of burns.
Carry out first aid treatment correctly.
Develop sense of cooperative learning and be willing to help someone in need.
Lead-in：brainstorming
Discuss these questions in groups.
What first-aid techniques do you know of
Pre-reading：
What kind of first aid would you perform
Help!
If someone you know suffered a burn, what would you do
While-reading：
look through the text and identify its style and language features.
Why is it important to understand text types
By understanding text types, we can discoverthePurpose of a text thus predict its contents.
How can you identify a text type
By paying attention to the style of writing and languagefeatures.
What are some common text types you know about
Letter, diary, news, fable,etc.
While-reading：
The genre of the passage is __________
Look through the text and identify its style and language features. Then tick its text type from the list below.
an expository writing
advertisement
hospital leaflet
newspaper article
blog post
Email
short story
We know this because the passage is writtenin an objective informational style,and deals with a health issue, giving adetailed description of how to handlethis problem.
Understand text types
Different kinds of texts can be identified by their styleof writing and language features. By understandingthe text type of a piece of writing, you can betterunderstand its purpose. You can also better understandwhere to find information in the text,and what kind ofinformation it is likely to contain.
advertisement:充满说服力的语言和丰富多彩的描述，谈论产品的好处，用命令式告诉某人购买某物
hospital leaflet:事实，信息，客观，描述一个医疗问题，并告诉如何处理它，使用命令给予建议
newspaper article:事实性的、信息性的、客观的，回答关于最近事件的“谁”、“什么”、“何时”、“为什么”和“如何”的问题
blog post: blog代表网络日志，所以它是一种日志或日记，通常具有主题性质，谈论作者生活中当前或新的事情或关于作者的兴趣
email:一种信，它应该像信一样有开头和结尾，写给个人，并且是关于作者和收信人都直接相关的事情
short story:通常是用过去时态写的记叙文，它包含生动的语言和丰富多彩的描述来讲述一个有开头、中间和结尾的故事
Find out the main idea and structure of the passage
The ________ of the skin
_________of burns
_________of burns
_________________of burns
___________________for burns
Causes
Types
First aid treatment
Characteristics
The passage is about _________________
First aid for burns
functions
Para 5
Para 4
Para 3
Para 2
Para 1
While-reading：
What are functions of skin
essential
largest organ
barrier
Para. 1
Part 1: The ___________ of the skin
functions
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
Para. 1
皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵人。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
Part 1: The ___________ of the skin
functions
While-reading：
What may cause you to get burned
hot liquids
steam
radiation
the sun
electricity
chemicals
fire
Para. 2
Part 2: _________of burns
Causes
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
Para. 2
烧伤的原因
很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
Part 2: _________of burns
Causes
While-reading：
How many layers are there in the skin
Para. 3
Part 3: _________of burns
Types
According to the depth of the damage , the burns are divided into three types.
First-degree burns: top few milimetres of the skin
Second-degree burns: below the top layer of the skin
Third-degree burns: every layer of the skin, sometimes the tissue under it
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of kin damage.
First-degree burns These affect only the top few milimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
Para. 3
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
Part 3: _________of burns
Types
Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
Para. 3
二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成白烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即往医院。
Part 3: _________of burns
Types
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Depth top few milimetres of the skin below the top layer of the skin every layer of the skin, sometimes the tissue underneath
Examples mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. burns caused by hot liquids. burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires.
1.How many types of burns are there What are they
2.In each type, which layer of the skin is affected
3.What are the examples of each type
While-reading：
figure out these pictures with “first degree burn, second degree burn and third degree burn”.
_________________of burns
Characteristics
Para. 4
First-degree burns
.dry, red, and mildly swollen
.mildly painful
.turn white when pressed
Second-degree burns
. red and swollen; blisters; watery surface
.extremely painful
Para. 4
一度烧伤
干燥、发红、微肿
微痛
受压时变白
Part 4: _______ __of burns
Characteristics
Third-degree burns
.black and white
.swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
. little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe painful around the edges of the burn
二度烧伤
发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液
极度疼痛
三度烧伤
皮肤发黑或变白
肿胀;通常可见皮下组织
如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感
Details Types
first degree burns second degree burns third degree burns
Characteristics dry, red and mildly swollen turn white when pressed red and swollen; Blisters, watery surface black, white, swollen tissue can be seen
Pain degree mildly painful extremely painful little or no pain if nerves are damaged
Part 4: _______ __of burns
Characteristics
While-reading：
Read Part 5 and find 6 key words about first aid for burns.
Para. 5
___________________for burns
First aid treatment
STEP 1
STEP 1
Remove clothing
STEP 5
Cover with bandage
STEP 2
Cool burns
STEP 4
Dry burned area
STEP 6
Get victim to hospital
STEP 3
Place clean
wet cloths
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the firstten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin
Para. 5
急救处理
1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解
疼痛和肿胀。2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
Part 5:___________________for burns
First aid treatment
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil tothe injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Para. 5
4.用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
5.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
Part 5:___________________for burns
First aid treatment
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Treatment Place burns under cool running water within the first ten minutes Dry the burnt area Remove any clothes Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe second or third-degree burns: take the victim to the hospital
Part 5:___________________for burns
First aid treatment
Post-reading：
Complete the table to summarise the information about first aid for burns.
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Depth top few milimetres of the skin below the top layer of the skin every layer of the skin, sometimes the tissue under it
Characteristics dry, red, and mildly swollen .mildly painful .turn white when pressed red and swollen; blisters; watery surface .extremely painful black and white
.swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
. little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe painful around the edges of the burn
Treatment Place burns under cool running water within the first ten minutes Dry the burnt area Remove any clothes Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe second or third-degree burns: take the victim to the hospital
Discussion：
In groups, discuss the following questions.
1 How are people most likely to get burnt
Most people are likely to get burnt in the kitchen, by picking up a hotpan, or by getting cooking oil spilt on themselves.
Discussion：
In groups, discuss the following questions.
2. What steps can be taken to help prevent these burns
Being aware of the danger is a good first step. For example, you should check to see if the burner is on before touching a pan on the stove. You should also use oven mitts when touching a hot pan. If you are using cooking oil, you should make sure that the pot is set firmly on the stove so that it cannot spill, and that it is not too full of oil.
Discussion：
In groups, discuss the following questions.
3 What other advice do you know of about first aid for burns
Is it good advice or bad advice Why
I had an uncle who said that you should apply toothpaste, soy sauce, prick blisters and ice compress. I think that they are terrible advice.
Toothpaste itself does not have the effect of treating burns. Applying toothpaste may affect the heat dissipation of the skin, so that heat can accumulate under the skin and aggravate the degree of burns. In addition, toothpaste may also provide a breeding environment for bacteria and increase the risk of wound infection.
If you pick out the blisters that appear after scalding yourself, it is easy to destroy the natural barrier of the skin, making it easier for bacteria to invade the wound, thus causing infection. Moreover, operating without strict disinfection will further increase the risk of infection.
The main components of soy sauce are salt, amino acids, sugars, etc. When applied to scalded wounds, it can not only relieve pain and promote wound healing, but also pollute the wounds, increase the chances of infection, and affect doctors' judgment on the depth and area of scalds.
Local skin has been damaged after scalding, and too low ice temperature may lead to strong contraction of local blood vessels, resulting in tissue ischemia and hypoxia, further aggravating skin damage. Especially when a large area is burned, ice compress may also cause hypothermia, and even lead to serious consequences such as hypothermia.
Life is precious while it is also weak.
It is necessary to master some first aid knowledge.
We should care about others, and help people in an emergency.
Try our best to build up a harmonious society.
Language Points
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
_______ you can imagine, _______ (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。(P50)
As
getting
As you can imagine是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这里as的意思是"正如"，指代后面整句话的内容。这个用法与which引导的非限制性定语从句类似，但which引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之后，而as引导的定语从句位置则相对灵活，在句首、句中或句末都可以。
例如:
The earth,as we all know,moves round the sun.我们都知道,地球围着太阳转。
As we had expected,the soccer team won the game again.正如我们预料，这支足球队再次获胜。
He is absent, as is often the case.他经常缺席，这次也是一样。
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
He is an honest man, as we all know.
This is the same book as I lost last week.
3. As I was going out, it began to rain.
4. As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. .
5. I cook the dish as my mother does.
6. Try as we may, we cannot solve the problem.
7. He is as tall as his father.
你知道 as 都能引导什么从句吗？
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
时间状语从句
原因状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
get常与过去分词连用(尤其是形容词化的过去分词)，构成系表结构，表示状态的变化，即动作的结果。"get +过去分词"结构的常见搭配有get lost、get stuck、get arrested、get caught、get broken、get dressed、get married等。
get的用法
Workers in urban areas usually get paid by the hour.城市工人通常按小时计酬。
Don'tplay with knives. Youmight get hurt.不要玩刀子。你可能因此受伤。
The students are getting prepared for the sports meet.学生们在为运动会作准备。
除了get之外，become和grow等动词也有类似用法。例如:Soon the room became crowded.不一会儿房间里就挤满了人。
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
2. Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin
damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。(P50)
depending on … 为现在分词短语作 ___________。
Carrying two heavy suitcases, she managed to get off the train.
Singing a song, he walked down the street.
Sitting by the window, she watched the rain falling.
(4) Standing there, she scratched his head in confusion.
方式状语
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
3. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor
household incidents.
如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。(P50)
Compare and Find
The man standing there is my teacher.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
The building completed last month is our school library.
The meeting being held now is of great importance.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
caused by为过去分词短语作________。
定语
现在分词
过去分词
过去分词
现在分词
动词不定式
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the
fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮
肤粘连在一起。(P51)
using scissors 在句中作 __________.
sticking to the burnt skin 在句中作 _________.
(1) The police opened the door using a special key.
(2) We heard the children laughing in the classroom.
(3) She watched the sun setting behind the mountains.
宾补
方式状语
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
5. __________ (apply) oil __ the _______ (injure) areas is a bad idea,
as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause _________
(infect).
在受伤部位涂抹油膏不是好办法，因为这样做会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。(P51)
Applying
infection
injured
to
apply是动词，在句子中的意思是"涂;敷"，即to put or spread something such as paint,cream,etc.onto a surface。 再如:
Apply the cream evenly to your face and neck.将乳霜均匀地涂在面部和颈部。
apply表示"申请;请求"和"使用;应用"。
例如:She applied for ajob with the local police station.
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
5. __________ (apply) oil __ the _______ (injure) areas is a bad idea,
as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause _________
(infect).
在受伤部位涂抹油膏不是好办法，因为这样做会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。(P51)
Applying
infection
injured
to
the injured area是过去分词位于名词之前作定语的用法。在语义上，过去分词作定语表示被修饰的名词与该动词是被动关系;在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成。类似的例子还有fallen leaves(落叶)、retired doctors(退休的医生)、boiled water(开水)。再如:We needed much more qualified workers.我们需要更多合格的工人。
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
6. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is
an urgent need to take him / her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。 (P51)
There is a need _______ more communication between parents and children.
Everything is fine with me; there is no need for you _____________ (concern).
(3) The gentleman never fails to help whoever is in need _____ help.
(4) My car needs ______________________ (wash).
(5) As you worked late yesterday, you needn’t ___________ (come) this
morning.
for
to be concerned
of
washing / to be washed
have come
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
7. ____ is important to use cool water to stop the heat from _________ (remain) in the wound regardless ____ the degree of the burn. 无论烧伤程度如何，使用冷水来阻止热量留在伤口上是很重要的。(P51)
It
remaining
of
1). 核心句型：It 作形式主语
结构： It is + 形容词/名词 + to do sth.
分析：
真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to use cool water...。
使用 It 作为形式主语，是为了避免句子头重脚轻，保持句子平衡。
例如：It is necessary to drink water. （喝水是必要的。）
It is difficult to learn a new language. （学习一门新语言很难。）
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
7. ____ is important to use cool water to stop the heat from _________ (remain) in the wound regardless ____ the degree of the burn. 无论烧伤程度如何，使用冷水来阻止热量留在伤口上是很重要的。(P51)
It
remaining
of
2). 非谓语动词：不定式 (Infinitive)
句子中出现了两次不定式，功能不同：
作真正主语： to use cool water...
如上所述，它是句子的逻辑主语。
作目的状语： to stop the heat...
功能： 修饰谓语动词 use，表示“使用冷水”的目的是为了“阻止热量残留”。
逻辑： 用冷水（手段）为了阻止热量（目的）。
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
7. ____ is important to use cool water to stop the heat from _________ (remain) in the wound regardless ____ the degree of the burn. 无论烧伤程度如何，使用冷水来阻止热量留在伤口上是很重要的。(P51)
It
remaining
of
3). 介词短语：表示方式与让步
from remaining
结构： stop/prevent ... from doing sth. （阻止……做某事）。
语法点： 这里的 from 是介词，后面接动名词 remaining。
in the wound
功能： 介词短语作地点状语，修饰 remaining，表示“在伤口里”。
regardless of the degree of the burn
功能： 介词短语作让步状语，表示“不管/无论烧伤的程度如何”。
逻辑： 说明前面的急救措施是普遍适用的，不受烧伤程度的影响。
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
7. ____ is important to use cool water to stop the heat from _________ (remain) in the wound regardless ____ the degree of the burn. 无论烧伤程度如何，使用冷水来阻止热量留在伤口上是很重要的。(P51)
It
remaining
of
4). 动名词 (Gerund)
remaining
位置： 在介词 from 之后。
规则： 介词后面必须接名词或动名词（-ing 形式）。
错误示范： stop the heat from remain （错误，介词后不能接动词原形）。
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
7. ____ is important to use cool water to stop the heat from _________ (remain) in the wound regardless ____ the degree of the burn. 无论烧伤程度如何，使用冷水来阻止热量留在伤口上是很重要的。(P51)
It
remaining
of
5). 句子成分总览
为了让你看得更清楚，我把句子主干和修饰成分拆分开：
主干： It (形式主语) + is (系动词) + important (表语).
真正主语： To use cool water (不定式短语作真正主语).
目的状语： to stop the heat (不定式作目的状语).
宾语补足语/介词短语： from remaining in the wound (说明阻止的具体内容).
让步状语： regardless of the degree of the burn (修饰整个句子).
Thank You !
Reading and Thinking
新人教选择性必修二

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