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(共23张PPT)
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
敦煌
Discovering Useful Structures
敦煌
Distinguish between restrictive and non - restrictive attributive clauses, and understand when to use commas appropriately in non - restrictive clauses.
Analyze and compare different types of attributive clauses to improve critical thinking skills, being able to judge the semantic and syntactic differences between them.
Apply relative pronouns accurately in different contexts, avoiding common errors such as incorrect pronoun selection or omission in restrictive clauses.
Enhance the understanding and respect for different cultures,
as cultural heritage is an important carrier of culture.
Review
定语从句的引导词
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语、宾语), which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
指地点
指时间
指原因
Can you find:
1. the woman who is applying sunscreen
Can you find:
2. the boy who is building a snow man
Can you find:
3. the man who is wearing three watches
Can you find:
4. the animal that is playing the guitar
Can you find:
5. the man who is taking a nap
Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.
After listening to the scientists who had studies the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
Think about these questions
Restrictive relative clauses in the text
1）There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.
2）Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
3）Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
4）Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs
a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
There comes a time the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
Temples and other cultural sites were then moved and put back together again in a place they were safe from the water.
Here’s a handful of ways will set you in the right direction.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就会 。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时 逗号分开。
when
where
that
不完整或失去意义
不可用
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
The house, roof was damaged in the storm, needs repair.
The book, I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
whose
which
who
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词做 ，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用 与主句分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用 引导。
that
逗号
附加补充或说明
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词的关系
标点符号
引导词
先行词范围
是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整。
是先行词的补充说明，去掉后句意不受影响。
不用逗号隔开。
必须用逗号与主句隔开。
可用 that（指人 / 物），关系代词作宾语时可省略。
不可用 that，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。
从句修饰先行词。
从句修饰先行词，前面的整个句子或其中的一部分。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
The museum we visited yesterday displays ancient Chinese paintings.
Beijing, is the capital of China, will host the 2025 World Athletics Championships.
Students participate in volunteer activities often gain more social experience.
The author, I met at a book fair, has written over 20 novels.
My grandfather, is 80 years old, still plays chess every day.
The novel she recommended to me last week has become a bestseller.
限制性定从
非限制性定从
限制性定从
限制性定从
非限制性定从
非限制性定从
that
which
who/that
whom
who
that/which
关系代词as在非限制性定语从句中指代整个句子的内容，充当从句中的主语、宾语或表语，翻译为“正如”
1. As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edge weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
2. He, as we all know, is a famous scientist.
3. She is very careful, as her work shows.
As引导限制性定语从句时，经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。
She has the same book as you have.
This is such an interesting book as we all like.
As引导的限制性定语从句
as 常见搭配
as is known to all；
as you know
as is expected
as we expected
as has been mentioned above
as is reported / said
as a famous saying goes
as is pointed out
as you can see = as can be seen
as is often the case
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.
She is a great hero, as is described in the report.
He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:
(1) as引导的定语从句可置于____________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在_______。
(2) as引导的定语从句有“_________的意思，而which指“________”
句首、句中、句后
句中
正如……
这……
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，
又可指代主句的某一名词或代词
位置 位置灵活， 可位于句前、句中也可置于句后 只能放在先行词的后面
意义 “正如，就像… ” “这，那”
功能 起连接上下文的作用， 表达说话人的观点、看法并 指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句，在意义上相当于并列句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)the same...as...表示相似的东西。
This is the same book as he lent me last week.
这和他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。
(2)the same...that...表示同一人或物。
This is the same book that he lent me last week.
这是他上星期借给我的那本书。
the same...that...与 the same...as...的区别
1. She is always working hard,______everyone can see.
正如大家所看到的，她工作一直很努力。
2. The book, _______I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。
3. ______everyone can see, she is honest.
她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
4. She married again,______ we expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
5. She married again, ______ was unexpected.
她再婚了，这是始料不及的。
6. Tom suddenly fell ill, ______ made us very sad.
汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。
which
as
As
as
which
which
6．It is the third time that she has won the race, ___________ has surprised us all.
7．After the flooding, people were suffering in that area，___________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
8.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice cream.
9．A lot of language learning, ____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
10．Your speech given at the meeting, ___________ everyone is taking into careful consideration, means much to us all.
who
when
which
Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.
1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.
The photo
2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries.
The project team
(which / that) he showed me in his room was of a famous
cultural relic in Egypt.
whose members were from fifteen countries helped
protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.
3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.
The time
4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.
The professional archaeologist
building such a difficult structure.
explained to us the process of
to the Great Pyramid
when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty.
(who / whom) we met at the entrance
5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.
The place
6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
The reason
where I found the documents about the cultural relics from
overseas yesterday
why scientists worked together day and night to rescue
the temple
is under the desk.
is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
Task 1:
Work in pairs and play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses. Work out two more questions of your own.
EXAMPLE
A: What is an exit
B: An exit is the door where/ through which you can leave a building.
(library;
from/ in which; where)
(good friend;
to whom; who)
(vacation;
during which; when)
(football coach; from whom; who)
1. What’s a library (from/in which; where)
A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books.
A library is a place where you can borrow books.
2. What’s a good friend (to whom; who)
A good friend is someone to whom you can tell your problems.
A good friend is someone who you can tell your problems to.
3. What’s a vacation (during which; when)
A vacation is a time during which you don't work.
A vacation is a time when you don't work.
4. What’s a football coach (from whom; who)
A football coach is someone from whom football players receive training.
A football coach is someone who trains football players.
Task 2:
Carry out an “Attributive Clause Story Relay” in groups, where each student continues the story with a sentence containing an attributive clause, requiring logical coherence.
EXAMPLE
关键词：ancestral relic (祖传遗物)、ancient village(古村落)、handwritten recipe(手写食谱)
开头句：Last summer, my grandmother gave me a wooden box that had been passed down in our family for six generations.
延续句：The box, which was engraved with strange patterns, contained a map ……

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