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外研版七年级下册 Unit 4-6 重点语法归纳
Unit 4 The art of having fun
四、祈使句
考点1 祈使句的定义与功能
祈使句用来表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。通常省略主语 you（你/你们）。
例如：
Give them more personal space. 多给他们点个人空间。（建议/劝告）
Wave to say goodbye. 挥手说再见。（指令）
Be careful! 小心！（警告）
考点2 祈使句的结构特征
以动词原形开头： 句子一般没有主语，谓语动词用原形，无时态和数的变化。
肯定形式：
1. 实义动词原形 + 其他。
例如：Come to my office. 到我办公室来。
2. Be动词原形 + 形容词/名词 + 其他。
例如：Be happy. 高兴点。
否定形式：
在动词原形前加 Don't。
例如：Don't stand too close to the river bank. 不要站得离河边太近。
Don't be late again. 不要再迟到了。
【注意】
虽然 do 及其否定形式 don't 一般不能作助动词与 be 连用（如陈述句中不说 He don't be...），但在祈使句中，Don't be... 是正确的否定表达。
例如：Don't be shy. 别害羞。
考点3 祈使句的语气表达
表达请求： 常在句首或句末加 please，使语气更委婉客气。若 please 加在句末，通常用逗号隔开。
例如：Please close the door. / Sit down, please.
表达强烈语气： 句末可使用感叹号。
例如：Stop! 停！ Hurry up! 快点！
Unit 4 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. ______ run in the hallways. It's dangerous.
A. Please B. Don't C. Not D. Doesn't
2. ______ quiet, please! The baby is sleeping.
A. Is B. Are C. To be D. Be
3. ______ me the book, please. I want to read it.
A. Give B. Giving C. Gives D. To give
4. Let's ______ football together after school.
A. playing B. plays C. play D. to play
5. ______ bring food into the library. It's against the rules.
A. No B. Not C. Don't D. Can't
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. ________ (not forget) to close the window when you leave.
7. Please ________ (listen) to the teacher carefully in class.
8. ________ (be) careful! The water is very hot.
9. Let him ________ (do) his homework by himself.
三、短文填空（每空填一词）
Hello, everyone! Welcome to our school library. Here are some rules for you. First, please 10.________ quiet in the library. Don't 11.________ loudly. Second, take good care of the books. 12.________ draw or write on them. Third, remember to return the books on time. If you lose a book, you must 13.________ for it. Also, don't bring any food or drinks 14.________ the reading room. Keep the library clean. If you have any questions, please 15.________ the librarian for help. 16.________ enjoy your reading here. Reading 17.________ make you smart and happy. Let's 18.________ a good reader from now on.
【参考答案】
一、1-5 BDACC
二、6. Don't forget 7. listen 8. Be 9. do
三、10. be / keep 11. talk / speak 12. Don't 13. pay 14. into 15. ask 16. Please / Just 17. can / will 18. be / become
Unit 5 Amazing nature
五、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
考点1 比较级和最高级的构成规则
1. 规则变化：
单音节和少数双音节词：
一般在词尾加 -er (比较级) / -est (最高级)。
如：tall → taller → tallest
以字母 e 结尾的，直接加 -r / -st。
如：nice → nicer → nicest
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该字母，再加 -er / -est。
如：big → bigger → biggest; hot → hotter → hottest
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 -er / -est。
如：busy → busier → busiest; early → earlier → earliest
多音节和部分双音节词：
在词前加 more (比较级) / most (最高级)。
如：beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful; carefully → more carefully → most carefully
2. 不规则变化 (需熟记)：
good / well → better → best
bad / ill / badly → worse → worst
many / much → more → most
little → less → least
far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
考点2 比较级的用法
1. 两者之间的比较： 表示“A 比 B 更……”，句型为：A + 谓语 + 比较级 + than + B。
▲ The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River. 长江比黄河长。
▲ Summer is a hotter season than spring. 夏天是比春天更热的季节。
2. 修饰比较级： 可以在比较级前加 much, a lot, even, a little, far 等词来加强语气。
▲ It is much hotter today than yesterday. 今天比昨天热多了。
考点3 最高级的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的比较： 表示“……是（……范围内）最……的”。
句型：主语 + be/实义动词 + (the) + 最高级 + in/of/among 短语（表示比较范围）。
【注意】 形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词 the，副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。
▲ My home is the closest to school. 我家离学校最近。
▲ He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
2. one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数： 表示“最……的……之一”。
▲ I'm from one of the most beautiful places in the world. 我来自世界上最美丽的地方之一。
3. 哪一个更/最……？： Which/Who is + 比较级/最高级...
▲ Which is bigger, the sun or the moon 哪一个更大，太阳还是月亮？
▲ Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth 哪一个最大，太阳、月亮还是地球？
Unit 5 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The air in the countryside is often ______ than that in the city.
A. fresh B. fresher C. freshest D. the freshest
2. Which river is ______, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
3. Mount Qomolangma is the ______ mountain in the world.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. most high
4. Tom is one of ______ students in his class. He always helps others.
A. friendly B. friendlier C. friendliest D. the friendliest
5. Of all the subjects, I think math is the ______.
A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. much difficult
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Winter is the ________ (cold) season of the year.
7. This book is ________ (interesting) than that one.
8. Who runs ________ (fast), Mike or Jack
9. China is one of the ________ (old) countries in the world.
三、短文填空（每空填一词）
I love nature. There are many beautiful places in the world. My hometown is a small village near a mountain. The air there is much 10.________ than in the city. The water in the river is very clean. In summer, the trees are green and the flowers are beautiful. It is the 11.________ beautiful season of the year. The mountain is not very high, but it is 12.________ than the hills around it. Many people come to climb it. I think climbing is 13.________ exciting than staying at home. When you reach the top, you can see the 14.________ amazing view. We should protect nature because it gives us many things. It is our 15.________ friend. If we take care of nature, it will be even 16.________ beautiful. Let's try our 17.________ to protect the environment. 18.________ nature, we can't live happily.
【参考答案】
一、1-5 BBCDC
二、6. coldest 7. more interesting 8. faster 9. oldest
三、10. fresher / cleaner 11. most 12. higher 13. more 14. most 15. best 16. more 17. best 18. Without
Unit 6 Hitting the road
六、平级比较
考点1 as... as... 的用法
当我们要表示两者在某方面（如程度、数量、性质等）相同时，使用 as... as... 结构。意为“和……一样……”。
结构： as + 形容词/副词的原级 + as + 比较对象
▲ Cooking hot pot was just as fun as eating it! 做火锅和吃火锅一样有趣！
▲ I was as happy as you yesterday. 昨天我和你一样高兴。
▲ He runs as fast as his brother. 他跑得和他哥哥一样快。
【易错点】
在两个 as 之间一定要用形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。
误：He is as taller as me.
正：He is as tall as me.
考点2 not as/so... as... 的用法
当表示一方不如另一方时，即“不像……那样……”，使用 not as/so... as... 结构。这是否定形式的平级比较。
结构： not as/so + 形容词/副词的原级 + as + 比较对象
▲ My sister is not as careful as my brother. 我妹妹不像我哥哥那样细心。
▲ It isn't so cold as yesterday. 今天没有昨天那么冷。
【拓展】
“A is not as/so + 原级 + as B” 的意思相当于 “A is + 比较级(反义词) + than B” 或 “B is + 比较级 + than A”。
例如：Tom is not as tall as Jack. = Tom is shorter than Jack. = Jack is taller than Tom.
Unit 6 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. English is as ______ as Chinese. We should learn it well.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
2. The weather in Beijing is not ______ wet as that in Shanghai.
A. as B. so C. than D. Both A and B
3. — Do you think running is as ______ as swimming
— Yes, both of them are good for health.
A. boring B. interesting C. more interesting D. most interesting
4. He doesn't work so ______ as his classmates, so he gets bad grades.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. hardly
5. This box is ______ that one. They are the same weight.
A. as heavy as B. heavier than C. as heavier as D. so heavy as
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. To me, listening is just as ________ (use) as speaking.
7. Today is not so ________ (warm) as yesterday.
8. Please come as ________ (quick) as you can.
9. My bag is as ________ (big) as yours.
三、短文填空（每空填一词）
Last summer holiday, I went on a trip to Sichuan with my parents. We visited many places. The food there was very delicious but spicy (辣的). At first, I thought I couldn't eat it. But later, I found it was as 10.________ as the food in my hometown. We visited the Sanxingdui Museum. It was amazing. The masks there were 11.________ interesting than any other things I saw. The trip was wonderful. I think traveling is as 12.________ as reading books. It can open our eyes. My father drove the car. He drove carefully. He didn't drive 13.________ fast as usual because safety is the most important. We stayed in a hotel. It was very clean and comfortable, just 14.________ my own home. I took many photos. I want to remember this trip forever. Next time, I hope to visit 15.________ places. Travelling makes me 16.________ happy. It is 17.________ of the best ways to relax. 18.________ a great time we had!
【参考答案】
一、1-5 ADBAA
二、6. useful 7. warm 8. quickly 9. big
三、10. good / delicious 11. more 12. important / useful 13. so / as 14. like 15. more 16. feel 17. one 18. What外研版七年级下册 Unit 1-3 重点语法归纳
Unit 1 The secrets of happiness
一、一般过去时
考点1 一般过去时的含义
1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday（昨天）, last night/week/year（昨晚/上周/去年）, ...ago（……以前）, just now（刚才）, in 2020（在2020年）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。
▲ I was born in a small village in Shanxi Province. 我出生在山西省的一个小村庄。
▲ They didn't notice the sign at first. 他们起初没有注意到那个标志。
考点2 动词过去式的构成
1. 规则变化：
一般情况： 直接在词尾加 -ed。
例如：walk → walked, listen → listened
以不发音的字母e结尾： 直接加 -d。
例如：live → lived, decide → decided
以“辅音字母+y”结尾： 变 y 为 i，再加 -ed。
例如：study → studied, hurry → hurried
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母： 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed。
例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned
【注意】
规则动词词尾-ed的读音规则：
1. 清辅音后读 /t/ (如 worked)；
2. 元音或浊辅音后读 /d/ (如 played)；
3. /t/ 或 /d/ 后读 / d/ (如 started, needed)。
2. 不规则变化：
需要特殊记忆（参考教材附录不规则动词表）。常见的有：
am/is → was, are → were, go → went, eat → ate, see → saw, buy → bought, make → made 等。
考点3 一般过去时的句式结构
1. 含be动词 (was/were) 的句式：
肯定句： 主语 + was/were + 其他。
例如：He was a doctor. 他曾经是一名医生。
否定句： 主语 + was/were + not (wasn't/weren't) + 其他。
例如：I wasn't at home yesterday. 昨天我不在家。
一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
2. 含实义动词的句式：
肯定句： 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。
例如：We filled the room with flowers. 我们用花装满了房间。
否定句： 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他。
例如：She didn't like the food. 她不喜欢这里的食物。
一般疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
回答：Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn't.
【易错点】
在否定句和疑问句中，使用了助动词 did/didn't 后，谓语动词一定要还原为原形，不能再用过去式。
Unit 1 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. My uncle ______ back from Shanghai yesterday morning.
A. comes B. come C. came D. coming
2. — ______ you at home last night
— No, I went to the library.
A. Do B. Did C. Was D. Were
3. — Did Tony ______ his homework on time
— Yes, he did.
A. finishes B. finished C. finish D. finishing
4. We ______ a party for our English teacher last week. It was wonderful.
A. have B. had C. has D. are having
5. The little girl ______ stop crying until her mother came back.
A. don't B. doesn't C. didn't D. wasn't
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. They ________ (be) busy with their work last month.
7. I ________ (not visit) my grandparents last Sunday because of the rain.
8. ________ (do) you watch the football match on TV yesterday evening
9. He ________ (read) an interesting book about history two days ago.
三、短文填空（每空填一词）
Last weekend, I 10.________ a busy but happy time. On Saturday morning, I 11.________ up early and helped my mom with housework. In the afternoon, I went to the park with my friends. We 12.________ kites and took many photos there. Suddenly, it started to rain, so we 13.________ to run home. On Sunday, I stayed at home and 14.________ my homework. In the evening, my father cooked a delicious dinner for us. We all 15.________ the food very much. After dinner, we 16.________ TV together. I didn't 17.________ to bed until 10:00 p.m. It 18.________ a relaxing weekend.
【参考答案】
一、1-5 CDCBC
二、6. were 7. didn't visit 8. Did 9. read
三、10. had 11. got 12. flew 13. had 14. did 15. enjoyed/liked 16. watched 17. go 18. was
Unit 2 Go for it!
二、不定代词
考点1 常见不定代词辨析：all, both, neither, either, none
本单元重点关注表示两者和三者（及以上）关系的不定代词。
1. 两者之间的关系：
both： “两者都”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Both of my parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
either： “两者之一，（两者中）任何一个”。
例如：You can choose either of the two books. 这两本书你可以选任何一本。
neither： “两者都不”。（all/both的反义词，但特指两者）。
例如：Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不对。
2. 三者或三者以上的关系：
all： “三者（或以上）都”。
例如：All of the students studied hard. 所有的学生都学习很努力。
none： “三者（或以上）都不；没有任何人/物”。
例如：None of us wants to give up. 我们中没有一个人想放弃。
【理解记忆】
都：Both (2) / All (≥3)
都不：Neither (2) / None (≥3)
任何一个：Either (2) / Any (≥3)
考点2 重点搭配与主谓一致
both ... and ...： “……和……都，既……又……”。连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Both Tom and Jack are good at swimming.
neither ... nor ...： “既不……也不……”。连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”（即谓语动词单复数由靠近它的那个主语决定）。
例如：Neither I nor he is right. 我和他都不对。
either ... or ...： “要么……要么……”。连接两个主语时，谓语动词同样遵循“就近原则”。
例如：Either you or your sister has to clean the room. 要么你，要么你妹妹得打扫房间。
Unit 2 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. — Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose
— ______. They are too expensive.
A. Both B. Neither C. None D. All
2. ______ my father ______ my mother take good care of me. I love them so much.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Not only; but also
3. There are many trees on ______ side of the street.
A. either B. both C. all D. none
4. — How many students are there in the classroom
— ______. They are all on the playground.
A. No one B. Nothing C. None D. Neither
5. Either you or he ______ going to the teachers' office.
A. is B. are C. be D. am
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. Both of his sisters ________ (be) doctors.
7. Neither of the books ________ (be) interesting to me.
8. None of the water in these bottles ________ (be) clean.
9. Either Lily or Lucy ________ (know) the way to the library.
三、短文填空（每空填一词）
My two best friends are Jack and Mike. We have many things in common. 10.________ of us like playing basketball. We often play together after school. However, we also have differences. Jack likes singing, but 11.________ Mike nor I like it. We think it's boring. For lunch, I usually have noodles or rice. 12.________ is OK for me. But Jack likes 13.________ of them. He only eats hamburgers. Mike is a quiet boy. 14.________ of the students in our class thinks he is noisy. Although we are different in some ways, we are 15.________ good friends. We help each other. 16.________ one wants to leave the other two behind. We hope our friendship will last forever. 17.________ Jack and Mike 18.________ planning to go camping next week.
【参考答案】
一、1-5 BCACA
二、6. are 7. is 8. is 9. knows
三、10. All 11. neither 12. Either 13. neither 14. None 15. all 16. No 17. Both 18. are
Unit 3 Food matters
三、系动词
考点1 系动词的定义与分类
系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语（通常是形容词或名词）来构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、特征或状态。
常见的系动词分类：
be动词： am, is, are, was, were。
例如：The food is delicious. 食物很美味。
感官动词（“……起来”）：
look (看起来)
smell (闻起来)
taste (尝起来)
sound (听起来)
feel (摸起来/感觉起来)
变化类动词（“变得”）： get, become, turn, go, grow。
例如：The weather gets warmer. 天气变暖了。
保持类动词（“保持”）： keep, stay, remain。
例如：Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
考点2 系动词的用法特点
1. 后接形容词： 系动词后面通常接形容词作表语，而不是副词。
▲ The music sounds sweet. (不能用sweetly) 音乐听起来很美妙。
▲ The cake tastes good. (不能用well) 蛋糕尝起来很好吃。
2. 无被动语态： 感官系动词（look, smell, taste等）表示事物的性质时，没有被动语态，且常用一般现在时。
【易错点】
误：The flowers are smelled sweet.
正：The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
3. 否定和疑问： 除be动词外，其他系动词变为否定句或疑问句时，通常需要借助助动词 do/does/did。
▲ It doesn't taste very good. 它尝起来不是很好吃。
▲ Do you feel happy 你感觉快乐吗？
Unit 3 过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. The song ______ beautiful. I like it very much.
A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. looks
2. Please ______ quiet! The baby is sleeping.
A. keep B. get C. turn D. sound
3. The soup tastes ______. Could I have some more
A. well B. badly C. bad D. good
4. In autumn, the leaves ______ yellow.
A. turn B. sound C. taste D. feel
5. — You look ______. What's wrong
— I failed the exam.
A. happily B. happy C. sadly D. sad
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. The silk feels very ________ (soft).
7. The fish ________ (smell) bad. Throw it away.
8. It is ________ (get) dark outside. We should go home.
9. Don't worry. Everything will ________ (remain) same.
三、短文填空（每空填一词）
Everyone wants to be healthy. Food is very important. Healthy food can help us 10.________ strong. For example, vegetables and fruit 11.________ good for us. They usually 12.________ fresh and sweet. But some kids don't like vegetables because they think they don't 13.________ delicious. They prefer junk food like hamburgers. Junk food often 14.________ nice, but it is bad for health. If you eat too much junk food, you may 15.________ fat easily. We should eat a balanced diet. Also, water is important. It 16.________ no taste, but it keeps us healthy. When you 17.________ thirsty, remember to drink water instead of cola. A healthy body 18.________ us feel happy.
【参考答案】
一、1-5 CADAD
二、6. soft 7. smells 8. getting 9. remain
三、10. stay/keep/become 11. are 12. taste/look 13. taste 14. smells/tastes 15. get/become 16. has 17. feel 18. makes

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