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专题九　三大从句
一、定语从句
　　定语从句是修饰主句中某一名词(短语)或代词(有时也可以修饰整个主句或主句
的一部分)的从句,被修饰的对象称为先行词,一般由关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)
引导,作用相当于形容词。
　　If you have a [ knows your heart], distance can't keep you two apart.
语法清单
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
特点 起限定作用,与先行词关系紧密,不可
省略,否则会造成句意不完整 仅作补充或说明,若省略,句意不发生改变
形式 一般紧跟先行词,且中间不加逗号 用逗号与主句隔开
先行词 名词(短语)或代词 名词(短语)、代词、整个主句或主句的一部分
引导词 关系代词(作宾语时可省略)、关系副
词 关系代词(不包括that,且作宾语时不可省略)、关系副词(不包括why)
示例 He has two sisters who are working in
the city.他有两个在这座城市工作的妹妹。(他可能还有别的不在这座城市工作的妹妹) He has two sisters, who are working in the city.
他有两个妹妹,都在这座城市工作。
1. 定语从句的分类
2. 关系代词
关系代词 用法 示例
that 只用于引导限制性定语从句,先行词
指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或
表语,作宾语时可省略 He is a man that/who means what he says.
他是一个说话算数的人。(指人,作主语)
He is no longer the boy that/who he was twenty years ago.
他再不是20年前的那个男孩子了。(指人,作表语)
The book (that/which) you are reading is written by Mark Twain.
你正在读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。(指物,作宾语)
Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。(指物,作主语)
The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my old friend.
你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。(指人,作宾语)
which 先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾
语、表语或定语,作宾语时可省略 who 先行词指人,在从句中作主语、宾语
或表语,作宾语时可省略 whom 先行词指人,在从句中作宾语,一般可
省略 关系代词 用法 示例
whose 先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语(可与of whom/ which互换) Workers built shelters for survivors whose/of whom homes had been de-
stroyed.工人们为家园被毁的幸存者修建避难所。(指人)
In this article, we'll talk about a type of comfort food whose/of which power
mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.在本文里,我们要讲一类治愈系食物,它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。(指物)
as 引导限制性定语从句时,先行词指人或物,通常与 such、the same等连用,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词只能是整个主句 Such books as I have read are classical works.
我所读过的书都是些经典著作。(指物,作宾语)
My trouble is the same as yours is.我的困难同你的一样。(指物,作表语)
She became angry, as many could see.她生气了,许多人都看得出。(非限制
性定语从句)
3. 易混关系代词辨析
(1)that和which
　　当先行词指物时,限制性定语从句的引导词既可以用that,又可以用which。但下列
几种情况下宜用that不用which:
情况 示例
当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或被 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时 There is little that I can do for you.几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
李老师说的话你都记下来了吗
当先行词被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
情况 示例
当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时 After the fire in his house, the old car was the only thing that he owned.
家里发生火灾后,那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country.
他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。
(2)as和which
　　as, which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,区别如下:
as which
从句位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 一般只能置于先行词后
先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词,也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容
意义 通常表示对主句内容的评论或解释,
意为“正如,好像” 表示对先行词的补充说明
as which
示例 As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.正如亚里士多德所说:没有人愿意过百善俱全而独缺朋友的生活。(置于句首) Overeating, as is known to all, is the main cause of obesity. 众所周知,吃得过多是肥胖症的主要原因。(置于句中) The night has turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚变得很冷,这一带经常如此。(置于句末) In the same year, gold was discovered
near San Francisco, which started a
gold rush. 同年,旧金山附近发现黄
金,引发了淘金热。(先行词是整个主
句)
The sun, which had hidden all day,
came out in full splendor.整天躲在云
层里的太阳又光芒四射了。 (先行词
是名词sun)
4. 介词+关系代词which/whom
　　当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,常将介词置于关系代词前,构成“介词+关
系代词”结构,该结构既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。先
行词指人时,关系代词常用whom;先行词指物时,关系代词常用which。此时,whom和
which不可省略。
　　This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
　　这是我写这封信用的那支钢笔。(限制性定语从句)
　　In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, to whom she could turn for help.
　　在黑暗的街道上,她无人可以求助。(非限制性定语从句)
5. 关系副词
关系副词 用法 示例
when 先行词通常是表示时间的词语,在从
句中作时间状语(可与at/in/on/during
which互换) There comes a time when/in which the old must
give way to the new.
新旧更替的时代已经到来。
Autumn is the season when/in which trees shed
their leaves.
秋天是树木落叶的季节。
关系副词 用法 示例
where 先行词通常是表示具体地点的词,也
可以是表示抽象地点的词语(如de-
gree, point, situation, stage等),在从句
中作地点状语(可与at/in which互换) In many of the places where/in which the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment.在许多可以发现这种蝴蝶的地方,人们正破坏那里的自然环境。(具体地点)
She had got to the point where/at which she felt that she could not take any more.她已经到了忍无可忍的地步。(抽象地点)
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入了难以判断对错的境地。(抽象地点)
why 先行词是reason,在从句中作原因状
语(可与for which互换) Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday.
告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。
1. The Terracotta Army fill only one part of Emperor Qinshihuang's huge tomb, __________
still has not been completely unearthed.
解析　设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词tomb(指物),故用关
系代词which。
即时练习
　which
2. _______ the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
解析　设空处引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,故用关系代词As。
　As
3. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with __________ a well was built near
a primary school in Uganda.
解析　with_____引导非限制性定语从句,先行词$2,000指物,故用关系代词which。
　which
4. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time _________
people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
解析　设空处引导定语从句,先行词time表示时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故用关系副词
when。
　when
5. Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, __________ large sculptures are on display all over
the world.
解析　设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,相当于Florentijn Hofman's,故用
关系代词whose。
　whose
6. The number of people _____________ were killed or badly injured in the quake was more
than 400,000.
解析　设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词people(指人),故用关系代词
that/who。
　that/who
7. As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations ______
things may go wrong.
解析　设空处引导定语从句,先行词situations表示抽象地点,从句中缺少地点状语,故用
关系副词where。

　where
二、名词性从句
　　名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用,可在主从复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、
同位语,因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词
性从句使用陈述句语序,时态根据所表达的意义确定。
1. 主语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属 连词 that(无实义)、whether(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略(常用it作形式主语) That he survived the accident is a miracle.
他在这场事故中幸免于难,真是个奇迹。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
这项工作未必能按时完成。
It is likely that he can't come to the meeting.
他可能不能来参加会议了。
It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.
难怪你取得了这么大的成功。
It is requested that passengers should fasten their seat belts.
乘客被要求系好安全带。
It turned out that this method doesn't work well. 结果是这方法不太管用。
分类 引导词 示例
连接 代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever等 What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此非凡的是作者富有创造性的想象力。(在从句中作主语)
Who she is doesn't concern us.她是谁与我们无关。(在从句中作表语)
Which team has won the game is not known yet.还不知道哪个队赢了这场比赛。(在从句中作定语)
Whatever I have is at your service.我拥有的一切你尽管使用。(在从句中作宾语)
连接 副词 when, where, why, how, whenever等 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会都无所谓。
When we begin the trip is still a ques-tion.我们何时开始这次旅行仍悬而未决。
How this accident happened is still unknown.这场事故是怎么发生的还不清楚。
Why she was absent remains a mystery.她为什么缺席仍然是个谜。
2. 宾语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether/if(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分 The policeman confirms (that) a dropped cigarette end on a carpet
started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. 警察证实,一根掉在地毯上的烟头引起了火灾,而自动火警报警器没有及时报警以避免灾难的发生。(多个宾语从句并列时,只有第一个that可省略,从第二个开始,that一般不省略)
It all depends on whether we have determination and courage.
这完全取决于我们是否有决心和勇气。(介词后的宾语从句,只能用
whether)
She couldn't decide whether or not she would buy the house.
她无法决定是否买那幢房子。(or not紧跟其后时,只能用whether)
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which,
whichever等 Words don't always mean what they seem to mean.话语常有弦外之音。(在从句中作动词的宾语)
I think it all depends on who/whom you're talking to. 我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。(在从句中作介词的宾语)
The editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.编辑决定哪篇报道最重要,安排在头版。(在从句中作主语)
I don't know whose that is.我不知道那是谁的。(在从句中作表语)
You may take whichever book will interest you.哪本书让你觉得感兴趣,你就可以拿哪本。(在从句中作定语)
分类 引导词 示例
连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever等 He didn't tell me when we could meet again.
他没告诉我什么时候我们能再见。
I wonder why you don't tell me about the fact.
我想知道你为什么不告诉我真相。
They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a stormy
night.
他们想不出,在那样的暴风雨之夜,他到什么地方去了。
3. 表语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略 My suggestion is that you should always be confident.
我的建议是你应该始终自信。
The question is whether we should invest in this project.
问题是我们是否应该投资这个项目。
because(因为) The reason I'm here is because I wish to lend a hand.
我来这里是因为我想帮忙。
as if/as though (好像) At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were
coming to an end! 凌晨3: 42,万物开始摇晃,仿佛世界末日即将来临!
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever等 They are what they used to be.他们依然如故。(在从句中作表语)
The problem is which passenger should be responsible for the accident.
问题是哪位乘客应该对事故负责。(在从句中作定语)
The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找谁接替她。(在从句中作宾语)
连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever等 Home is where you can find love and care.家是你能够找到爱和关怀的地方。
That's how the Indians made their living.那就是印第安人谋生的方式。
What I want to know is when he will be back.
我想要知道的是他什么时候回来。
4. 同位语从句
　　同位语从句通常用于对主句中的名词(多为抽象名词)进行解释,说明其具体内
容。后接同位语从句的名词有belief(信念)、decision(决定)、doubt(怀疑)、explanation
(解释)、evidence(证据)、fact/truth(事实)、feeling(感觉)、hope(希望)、idea(主意)、
news(消息)、opinion(观点)、possibility(可能性)、problem(问题)、promise(承诺)、
suggestion(建议)、thought(想法)、wish(愿望)等。
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略 Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him again.
一想到可能再也见不到他了,她满眼是泪。
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is
based on our present mental register.重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的
联系基于我们当前的思想状态。
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这个问题。
连接代词 what, who等 She had given them a hint what they should do.她暗示他们应该做什么。
They haven't solved the problem who should be in charge of the key
project.他们还没有解决由谁来负责那项重点工程的问题。
分类 引导词 示例
连接副词 when, where, why, how等 We haven't yet settled the question when and where we are
going to spend our vacation.
我们还没有决定什么时候、去哪儿度假。
I have no idea why he resigned.
我不明白他为何辞职。
He put forward the question how we can get the fund.
他提出了我们怎样才能得到这笔资金的问题。
1. After all, home is __________ all family members are together.
解析　设空处引导表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
　where
即时练习
2. But we need to keep in mind _________ what we see on social media is often not the
whole truth about a person.
解析　设空处引导动词keep后的宾语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
　that
3. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but _________ surprised her was that
she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
解析　设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,故填what。
　what
4. What keeps them from doing so is the fact _________ chemical farming serves the high
demand for food around the world.
解析 句意:阻止他们这样做的是,化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的高需求。设空处
引导同位语从句,用于解释说明fact的具体内容,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
　that
5. However, ____________ it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants
such as rice was a matter of great debate.
解析　句意:然而,能否培育出诸如水稻的自花授粉植物的杂交种是一个备受争议的问
题。设空处引导主语从句,表示“是否”,故填whether。
　whether
6. Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, more than one scien-
tist has questioned _________ really happened.
解析　设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,故填what。
　what
7. It is believed _________ this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.
解析　句意:人们认为这首诗是李白在青少年时期写的。It是形式主语,设空处引导主
语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
　that
8. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____________ about seventy-one percent of its
surface is covered by water.
解析 句意:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%被水覆盖。设空处引
导表语从句,表示原因,故填because。
　because
分类 引导词 示例
时间 状语 从句 when, while, as As it grew darker, it became colder.天渐黑,越发冷起来了。(随着)
As/When he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.
他讲话结束的时候,听众掌声雷动。(接短暂性动词,表示动作前后发生)
He's been watching TV as/when/while his wife has been watering the flowers.
他妻子在浇花的时候,他一直在看电视。(接延续性动词,表示动作同时发生)
before, after He rushed out of the office before I realized what was happening.
我还没意识到发生了什么事,他就冲出了办公室。
The house was empty after they moved out.他们搬走后,这座房子就空了。
三、状语从句
1. 各类状语从句的引导词
分类 引导词 示例
时间 状语 从句 till/until She stood there till/until he passed out of sight.她站在那里,直到望不见他的身影。
Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.他们直到工作完成了才回家。(置于句首时,一般不用till)
since I feel much happier since I started my new job.自从我开始了新工作,我感觉快活多了。
once You can't cancel the contract once you've signed.你一旦签了字就不能取消合同。
as soon as, the first time, the moment等 The summer heat hit me as soon as I got off the flight.一下飞机,就有一股暑热袭来。
My cat had disappeared the moment the storm hit.暴风雨袭来的那一刻我的猫就失踪了。
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it.我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它。
分类 引导词 示例
条件 状语 从句 if, unless If we want light, we must conquer darkness.
如果我们想要光明,就得征服黑暗。
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果明天不下雨,我就要走了。
as/so long as, in case As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.
只要你继续努力,你就必定会成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it.万一我忘了这件事,请提醒我。
given that, on condition that等 Given that I have enough money, I'll travel around the world.
鉴于我有足够的钱,我要去周游世界。
He agreed to lend me his car on condition that I return it by tomorrow.
他同意借给我他的车,但条件是在明天之前归还。
分类 引导词 示例
原因 状语 从句 because, since, as Some people are effective speakers because they train to be.一些人是优秀的演讲者,因为他们经过了训练。(直接原因,语气最强)
Since the road is wet, it must have rained.路是湿的,一定是下过雨了。(表示附带说明,语气弱于because)
With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle competition.有了健身伙伴,你会更加努力训练,因为你们之间会存在微妙的竞争。(语气最弱)
now (that), in that, considering (that)等 Now (that) they got to know each other a little better,they get along just fine.
由于彼此之间有了进一步了解,他们相处得不错。
Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.理论之所以有价值,就在于它能给实践指出方向。
Considering (that) there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about
the future of VR 考虑到需要应对这么多挑战,你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐观心态吗
分类 引导词 示例
让步 状语 从句 although, though, as, while Honest advice benefits conduct though/although it's unpleasant to the ear.
忠言逆耳利于行。
Happy as/though they were, there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐,但总缺少点什么。(as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装,though可倒可不倒)
While I'm willing to help, I don't have much time available.尽管我愿意帮忙,但是没有多少时间。(while通常置于句首)
even though/if The Internet has made it possible for friends to keep in touch easily even though/if they are on opposite sides of the world.即使天各一方,互联网也能使朋友轻松保持联系。
疑问词+-ever、 no matter+疑问 词等 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.
无论你在哪里,在做什么,都可以和朋友保持联系。
We can download software, documents, and images whenever we need them.在任何需要的时候,我们可以下载软件、文档和图片。
分类 引导词 示例
目的 状语 从句 so that, in order that It is very important to protect wild lives so that humankind can still live on earth.
保护好野生生物极为重要,这样人类才能继续在地球上生存。(往往有情态动词)
We talked quietly in order that we should not disturb the other passengers.
我们小声说话,以免打扰别的旅客。
in case, for fear that等 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.带把伞,以防下雨。
They hid themselves behind some bushes for fear that the enemy found them.
他们躲在树丛后面,以防被敌人发现。
结果 状语 从句 so that, so...that, such...that等 He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他做了错误的决定,结果毁掉了半生。
She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. 她说话轻得我几乎听不见。
It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the
future. 它飞速扩张,我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。
分类 引导词 示例
方式 状语 从句 as Do as you would be done by.你要人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
as if/though The little boy spoke as if he were a grown-up.那小男孩说起话来像个大人似的。
比较 状语 从句 as...as..., not as/so...as... It's not as/so smooth as I thought.这没有我想象的那么顺利。
than The time available is less than we had hoped for.
可利用的时间比我们原先希望的少。
地点 状语 从句 where, wherever等 Where there is life,there is hope.有生命就有希望。
We'll go wherever you say.你说去哪儿我们就去哪。
Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!
想象一下,当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶!
2. 状语从句的省略
情况 示例
当状语从句主语与主句主语一致,且谓语中含有be动词时,常省略从句主语和be动词 When (he was) asking the teacher, he was polite.他向老师问问题时很有礼貌。
Send the goods now if (they are) ready.货物如已备好,请立即邮寄。
A great man, though (he is) dead, yet lives.伟大的人虽死犹生。
当从句主语是it,且谓语中含有be动词时,常省略it和be动词 I'll go there myself when (it is) possible.可能的时候我会亲自去那里。
Put a comma where (it is) needed.在需要的地方加上逗号。
The matter, if (it is) well handled, will benefit us a lot.这件事如果处理得好,会对我们大有益处。
有些状语从句有时会省略与主句相同的成分 I shall go shopping if you don't (go).如果你不去购物,我就去。
温馨提示　after, before, because引导的状语从句无此用法。
1. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature _______________
______ I like English and I'm good at it.
解析　句意:我的顾问建议我报名参加高级文学,因为我喜欢并擅长英语。设空处引导
原因状语从句。
as
　because/since/
即时练习
2. ______ China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international
students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing lan-
guage.
解析　句意:随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,越来越多的国际学生开始通过这
种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。设空处引导时间状语从句,意为“随
着”。
　As
3. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he
was inspired by them to go and teach _________ he was needed the most.
解析　句意:刚开始上学时,他遇到了来自小村庄的优秀老师,他们激励他去最需要他的
地方教书。设空处引导地点状语从句。
　where
4. _________________________ it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as
the day it was created.
解析　句意:虽然已有500多年之久,但它看起来仍然和被创作的那一天一样栩栩如
生、充满活力。设空处引导让步状语从句,且置于句首,故填Although/Though/While。
　Although/Though/While
5. ______ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
解析　句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上很多动物和植物将会消失。设空处引导
条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
　If
1. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find _________ different
cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
解析　句意:如果你仔细研究各种节日,你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同
之处。设空处引导宾语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
综合提升练
　that
2. Over time, ____________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small
pieces so it would cook more quickly.
解析　句意:随着时间的推移,当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样烹饪速度
就会更快。设空处引导时间状语从句。故填as/when。
　as/when
3. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the uni-
verse never died. This is ____________ people believe in the importance of carrying on
space exploration despite the huge risks.
解析　句意:这些灾难让每个人伤心、失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。这是因为尽
管存在巨大风险,但人们相信进行太空探索很重要。设空处引导表语从句,表示原因,故
填because。
　because
4. However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is _____________
we eat it with.
解析　句意:然而,我们吃什么不是最重要的。重要的是我们和谁一起吃。设空处引导
表语从句,且在从句中作with的宾语,故填who/whom。
　who/whom
5. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on
_________ symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
解析　句意:它的历史可追溯到数千年前,当时人们使用 “龙骨”,即中国古人在上面
刻有符号的兽骨和贝壳。on____引导定语从句,先行词animal bones and shells指物,故用
关系代词which。
which
6. The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of _________ do
not speak English fluently.
解析　句意:唐人街的大多数居民仍是华裔,其中很多人英语说得并不流利。many of
____引导非限制性定语从句,先行词ethnic Chinese指人,故用关系代词whom。
　whom
7. I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment _________ I
would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate.
解析　句意:我和其他毕业生同学们一直在等待那个时刻——在那一刻,我将走上舞台
领取我的学位证书。设空处引导定语从句,先行词the moment表示时间,故用关系副词
when。
　when
8. She has the window open, ____________ cold it is outside.
解析　句意:无论外面多冷,她都一直开着窗户。设空处引导让步状语从句,意为“无论
怎样”,故填however。
　however
9. Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is ________ they lead to spe-
cific consequences.
解析　句意:无论大小,我们所有选择的共同之处在于:它们都会带来特定的结果。设空
处引导表语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
　that
10. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao
Caves, __________ were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China's ancient history.
解析　句意:他们正在对莫高窟的文物进行数字图像的记录与采集,而莫高窟在整个中
国古代历史上都是丝绸之路沿线的重要站点。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句
中作主语,先行词the Mogao Caves指物,故用关系代词which。
　which
11. The Amazon River, from __________ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400
kilometres in length.
解析　句意:亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,而亚马孙河的长度接近6400千米。from___引
导非限制性定语从句,先行词The Amazon River指物,故用关系代词which。
　which
12. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over ___________ or not fatty food is
dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
解析　句意:更简单来说,当人们继续争论高脂肪食物是否危险时,我们已经知道糖是一
个杀手。设空处引导介词over后的宾语从句,表示“是否”,且空后紧跟or not,故填
whether。
　whether
13. A simple restaurant was _________ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and
coffee.
解析　句意:他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物,有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。设空处引
导表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
　where
14. Two years ago, I was told I had a serious disease ______________ was difficult to cure.

解析　句意:两年前,有人告诉我,我患上了一种难以治愈的严重疾病。设空处引导定语
从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词disease(指物),故用关系代词that/which。
　that/which
15. Hard ______________ it was raining, they went on working in the field.
解析　句意:尽管雨下得很大,他们还是去田里干活了。设空处引导让步状语从句,且从
句的状语Hard置于句首,故填though/as。
　though/as
16. _________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated
after one or two nights.
解析　句意:如果你睡不好,一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、计划和保持动力的
能力。设空处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不”。故填Unless。
　Unless
17. Located __________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt
and Road construction.
解析　句意:地处“一带一路”交汇点,江苏将为“一带一路”建设贡献更多力量。设
空处引导地点状语从句。故填where。
　where
18. As the legend goes, on the way home, Ashima was swept away by a flood and turned
into _________ is known as the Ashima Rock.
解析　句意:据传说,在回家途中,阿诗玛被洪水冲走,变成了人们熟知的“阿诗玛
石”。设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西”,故填what。
　what
19. The city will do all ________ can be done to speed up the building of the Yangtze River
Economic Belt and try to explore a way of green and ecological development.
解析　句意:该市将尽一切所能来加快长江经济带建设,并努力探索绿色生态发展之
路。设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词all。先行词为all时关系代词用
that,故填that。
　that
20. _________ Pop Mart distinguishes itself from both domestic and international competi-
tors is in reading the mood of its consumers, Ashley Dudarenok, who runs a consumer re-
search consultancy, tells us.
解析　句意:运营消费者研究咨询公司的Ashley Dudarenok告诉我们,泡泡玛特区别于
国内外竞争对手的地方在于解读消费者情绪。设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作地
点状语,且设空处位于句首,首字母要大写,故填Where。
　Where
21. _________ is important is to be aware that stresses can affect both our physical and
mental health.
解析　句意:重要的是要意识到压力对我们的身体和心理健康都有影响。设空处引导
主语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写,
故填What。
　What
22. During my visit to the Shanghai Museum, I was deeply impressed by a 5,000-year-old
ceramic piece ________ simple shape reminded me of ancient pottery from South America,
proving that in the beginning we were all the same.
解析　句意:在参观上海博物馆时,一件有着5000年历史的陶器给我留下了深刻印象,它
的简单形状让我想起了南美洲的古代陶器,证明在最初我们都是一样的。设空处引导
定语从句,修饰a 5,000-year-old ceramic piece,且在从句中作定语,故填whose。
　whose
23. LABUBU dolls are sold in sealed packages, so you don't know which version you'll get
__________ you open it.
解析　句意:拉布布玩偶以密封包装出售,因此直到你打开包装,才会知道得到的是哪个
版本。设空处引导时间状语从句, 构成固定搭配“not...until...”, 意为“直到……
才……”,故填until。
　until
24. It is increasingly likely _______ global surface temperatures will surpass the critical 1.5
degrees Celsius threshold (临界值) set in the Paris Agreement.
解析　句意:全球地表温度越来越有可能超过在《巴黎协定》中设定的1.5摄氏度的关
键临界值。It为形式主语,设空处引导的主语从句作真正主语,且设空处在从句中不充
当任何成分,只起连接作用,故填that。
　that
25. __________________________ the downpour created muddy conditions for some visi-
tors, rainfall is considered auspicious on the grasslands, symbolizing prosperity for live-
stock and pastures (牧场).
解析　句意:尽管大雨给一些游客造成了泥泞的环境,但在草原上,降雨被视为吉祥的象
征,代表着牲畜和牧场的繁荣。根据句意可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“尽
管”,且置于句首,首字母大写,故填Although/Though/While。
　Although/Though/While
26. Scientists wonder _______________ the beauty of math can be found in literary works.
解析　句意:科学家们想知道数学之美是否能在文学作品中找到。设空处引导的宾语
从句作wonder的宾语,且设空处意为“是否”,故填whether/if。
　whether/if
27. For many years, Americans generally accept the idea _______ their country is a melting
pot.
解析　句意:多年来,美国人普遍接受的观点是他们的国家是一个大熔炉。设空处引导
同位语从句,对the idea的内容进行具体说明。从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
　that
28. Representatives of Chengdu's 19 sister cities and friendly cooperation cities from 18
countries shared their experience in green development and explored ________ the world
could cooperate in green development and cultural exchanges.
解析　句意:来自全球18个国家的成都19个友好城市及友好合作关系城市的代表,分享
了各自在绿色发展领域的经验,并探讨了世界各国可如何在绿色发展与文化交流方面
开展合作。设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作方式状语,意为“如何”,故填how。
　how
29. Today, cities like Nanjing and Chengdu are known for their brocade production and
museums __________ high-quality brocade scarves and bags can be purchased.
解析　句意:如今,南京和成都等城市以其织锦生产和博物馆而闻名,在这些博物馆中可
以购买到高质量的织锦围巾和包。设空处引导定语从句,先行词museums表示地点,从
句中缺少地点状语,故填关系副词where。
　where
30. _______ an official document explained, tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chi-
nese people's daily life.
解析　句意:正如一份官方文件所解释的那样,茶是中国人民日常生活中一个基本的文
化元素。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,意为“正如”,且置于句
首,首字母大写,故填As。
　As
31. Farmers in many parts of the country also still use the calendar to plan _________ they
should put seeds into the ground for a good harvest.
解析　句意:该国许多地区的农民也仍然使用日历来计划何时应将种子播入地里以获
得丰收。设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作时间状语,表示“何时”,强调播种的时间,
故填when。
　when
32. What is a typical design of a Tang suit is _________ it employs the Chinese characters,
such as fu (happiness) and shou (long life) to express good fortune and best wishes; the
Tang suit is very popular among the Chinese people owing to its cultural significance.
解析　句意:唐装的一个典型设计是它使用汉字,如“福”(幸福)和“寿”(长寿)来表
达好运和美好祝愿,由于其文化意义,在中国人中非常受欢迎。设空处引导表语从句,对
主语What is a typical design of a Tang suit进行说明,且从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填
that。
　that
33. At the 2025 event (the 42nd edition), kite professionals from 51 countries and regions
sent kites of different shapes into the sky, __________ mirrored their timeless creativity.
解析　句意:在2025年的活动(第42届)中,来自51个国家和地区的风筝专业人士将不同
形状的风筝放飞天空,这反映了他们永恒的创造力。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指
代前文整个事件,在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。
　which
34. ______ we all work together, we can make a difference. Let's start taking action today to
protect our planet for future generations.
解析　句意:如果我们都共同努力,我们就能有所作为。让我们从今天开始采取行动,为
了子孙后代保护我们的地球。设空处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”,故填If。
　If
35. Currently, with its attractive scenery and rich cultural connotations(内涵), nobody denies
the fact _______ the Duku Highway has become one of the most popular tourist routes
in China.
解析　句意:目前,凭借其迷人的风景和丰富的文化内涵,没有人否认这一事实——独库
公路已成为中国最受欢迎的旅游路线之一。设空处引导同位语从句,对fact的内容进行
具体说明,且从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
　that

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