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定语从句在写作中的应用
PART
01
简单句合并为定语从句
1. 写出两个简单句。
2. 找到两个句子的共同部分。
3. 找到主句，把剩下的句子写上（去掉共同部分）
加上关系词。
如何写定语从句：
①关系词必须放在从句句首。
先行词是物时，关系词用that／which/whose；
先行词是人时，关系词用that／who/whom/whose
非限制性定语从句和介词后不能使用that。
②相同名词前的介词不能省略，如: in the library前的介词in不能省略。
合并四大注意事项
③合并后when/where/why等关系副词可以根据所表达的内容替换成“介词＋which”：
in／on／at／during／...which＝when（表时间），
in／on／at／...which＝where（表地点），
for which＝ why（表原因），
of which／whom＝whose（表“谁的”）。
④合并时定语从句一般紧跟先行词(代词/名词)。
合并四大注意事项
合并句子（选择合适的关系词）
a. Seeing these changes, we cannot forget these people.
b. These people gave us unselfish（无私的） help when we were in trouble.
Seeing these changes, we cannot forget these people __________ gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble.
who / that
合并句子（选择合适的关系词）
a. I feel greatly honored to host the contest.
b. It is sponsored(赞助) by the Students’ Union.
I feel greatly honored to be host the contest, ______ is sponored by the Students' Union.
which
合并句子（选择合适的关系词）
a. The library is not far from here.
b. The writer often does some reading in the library.
The library ________________ the writer often does some reading is not far from here.
in which / where
合并句子（选择合适的关系词）
a. I’ve always longed for the days.
b. I will be able to be independent then.
I’ve always longed for the days ______ I will be able to be independent.
when
PART
02
定语从句在写作中的应用场景
定语从句的基本写作步骤:
Step1: 写一句话，引出要交代的人／物／事／地点／时间／原因；
eg:我期待那一天。
I look forward to that day.
Step2: 再写一句话，修饰／描写上句话中的某一名词／代词；
eg:在那一天，我们可以再次相见。
On that day, we can meet each other again.
Step3: 合并、替换---将两个句子合并, 用恰当的关系词替换第二个句子中的相同名词／代词。
合并：I look forward to that day. ＋ On that day, we can meet each other again.
替换：I look forward to that day we can meet each other again.
when/on which
定语从句常用六大场景
写人
写物
写事
写原因
写时间
写地点
使用场景1：写人: 你最喜欢/尊敬的老师
第一步，写一句话，引出一个／些人；
a. 我最喜欢的老师是张老师。
翻译: _____________________________________
第二步，再写一句话，描写这个／些人-可以描写这个／些人的特点、形象、性格、动作等；
b. 张老师教给我英语知识和成长的智慧。
翻译：____________________________________________
___________________
My favorite teacher is Miss Zhang.
Miss Zhang has taught me knowledge of English and wisdom for growth.
使用场景1：写人: 你最喜欢/尊敬的老师
第三步，合并、替换，将两个句子合并 ，用关系词替换第二个句子中的相同名词／代词。
合并: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________
替换：____________________________________________
______________________________________
My favorite teacher is Miss Zhang.
Miss Zhang has taught me knowledge of English and wisdom for growth.
My favorite teacher is Miss Zhang who has taught me knowledge of English and wisdom for growth.
使用场景2 写物：邀请某人给报刊写稿/做演讲
例如:
希望你给我们学校英文报写一篇介绍美国节日风俗的文章
第一步，先分解成两个句子。
a. 希望你给我们学校英文报写一篇文章.
b. 这篇文章是介绍美国节日风俗的。
使用场景2 写物：邀请某人给报刊写稿/做演讲
翻译:
a. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________
I hope you will write an article for our school English newspaper.
The article introduces American festival customs.
第二步，合并句子。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope you will write an article which introduces American festival customs for our school English newspaper.
Translate sentences
使用场景3 写事（活动/比赛/节日等）（主题/目的/意义等）:我写信邀请您参加我们学校的节目“talk and talk”,这个节目旨在拓宽我们的视野。
使用场景4写地点:众所周知，广州是旅游名城，在这里人们可以游览很多美丽的景点(scenic spots)。
使用场景5写时间：春节是家人聚在一起庆祝和分享美味佳肴的时刻。
使用场景6写原因：我想在这次夏令营活动中申请一个职位的原因很简单。
As we all know, Guangzhou is a famous tourist city, where people can visit lots of scenic spots.
I am writing to invite you to attend our school programme “talk and talk”, which is designed to broaden our horizons.
The spring festival is the time when families gather together to celebrate and enjoy delicious meal.
The reason why I want to apply for a position in the summer camp is very simple.
Practice
① 一场以保护传统文化为主题的演讲比赛将于6月14号在我校举办。
A speech competition/contest the theme of which / whose theme is protecting traditional culture will be held in our school on June 14th.
Practice
②得知你对我校举办的中文演讲比赛感兴趣，我非常高兴告诉你更多详细情况。
Learning that you are interested in the Chinese speech contest which was organized by our school, I am more than delighted to tell you more details about it.
Practice
③ 我尊敬父亲的原因不仅是他工作上的成功还有他对家庭的责任感。
The reason why I respect my father is not only his professional success but also the responsibility he takes for our family.
Practice
4. Those who are interested in this activity are welcome to participate.
5. A concert, which includes various wonderful performances, is scheduled to be held in the school hall next Sunday morning.
6. In addition, there will be many beneficial and interesting activities, from which you can have a deep understanding of Chinese culture.
7. I still remember the days when you spared no effort to help me figure out those English problems.
8. Travelling is a way to broaden our horizons, through which we can learn about different cultures of the world.
9. I joined the football team, where I can not only realize the importance of teamwork, but also can strengthen my body, which is of great benefit to my physical and mental health.
10. The days when I work hard in the position will become valuable experiences (that help me grow).
PART
03
需要避免的常见错误
注意
a. 关系词重复
b. 缺少先行词
c. 限制性与非限制性定语从句混淆
找出错误并纠正
1. The city where I visited last year is beautiful.
visit是及物动词，后面直接加宾语，where是副词，不能作宾语。
关系词重复
改正
The city ________________ I visited last year is beautiful.
which / that / 省
找出错误并纠正
2. He did which made his parents proud.
that引导的定语从句，在句中作主语，前面缺少先行词。
缺少先行词
改正
He did sometning ______ made his parents proud.
that
限制性与非限制性定语从句混淆
限制性 (无逗号)：My sister who lives in Beijing is a doctor.
非限制性 (有逗号)My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.
我那个住在北京的姐姐是医生。暗示我不止一个姐姐
我姐姐是个医生，她住在北京。
补充信息，我只有一个姐姐
PART
04
写作实战
Use attributive clause to write an article.
I’m writing to recommend the cultural exchange camp to be held at the City Youth Palace next month—which can effectively promote cross-cultural communication and is a platform where students from all over the world gather to communicate. The camp has many interesting activities such as traditional crafts and folk music performances. The teachers who/that guide these activities are experienced, and you can learn many practical skills from them. The reason why I strongly recommend it is that it’s a good chance where you can improve your oral English and meet like-minded friends. The days when we learn from each other during the camp will surely become precious memories that/which you will cherish forever.
(22年1月浙江卷）假定你是李华，在“中国-爱尔兰文化节”活动中结识了爱尔兰朋友Chris，现在他已回国，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 回忆活动经历；2. 分享个人收获；3. 希望保持联系。
注意：
1 . 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use attributive clause to write an article.
Dear Chris,
How is everything going I have missed you so much since you returned to Ireland.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________We really enjoyed ourselves there. What’s far more important is that we became good friends then.
I would love to keep in touch and hear about your experiences in Ireland. Take care and I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
虽然你回家已经过去一周了，但我依然记得我们在中爱文化节共度的那些欢乐时光。那时，你分享了许多关于你国家的有趣事物，这让我更好地了解了爱尔兰的文化和历史。
Although a week has passed since you returned home, I can still remember the enjoyable days (that/which) we spent together at the China-Ireland cultural festival. During that festival, you shared so many interesting things about your country, which helped me gain a better understanding of Irish culture and history.
感谢观看

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