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(共31张PPT)
定语从句
欢迎来到语法侦探社
每一个普通名词的背后，都可能隐藏着惊天的细节！你能揭开它们的全部真相吗？
终极身份识别术：定语从句
“点击接受你的第一个案件吧！”
案件档案：什么是“定语从句”？
核心概念：
为一个关键名词（“嫌疑人”）提供决定性身份细节（“不在场证明”或“作案特征”）的目击者陈述（从句）。从而形成一份完整的证人证言，精确锁定目标。
现场重现
初始线索
B
C
A
who we saw at the bank (我们在银行看到的)
that the police are looking for (警方正在寻找的)
whose coat was found at the scene (外套在现场被发现的)
证人证言
The man who we saw at the bank escaped.
侦探笔记
核心公式= 目标名词（先行词）+ 关系词（连接线）+ 证人证言（从句）
小试牛刀
在The book is missing. 后面，你会添加哪份“证言”来特指是哪本书？
提供选项：A. which is on the desk B. that I just bought
办案动机：为什么需要它？
核心作用：合并情报，让案情报告（你的句子）高效、精准、逻辑闭环。
案情重组
“I saw a car.”
“The car was black.”
“The car sped through the red light.”任务：请将这些碎片拖放，组合成一份最简洁的目击报告。
办案动机：为什么需要它？
正确重组：I saw a car that was black and sped through the red light.
定语从句，就是你的“情报整合器”，避免汇报时一句一句地蹦，让你像资深侦探一样，一击即中，锁定目标。
探长总结
取证工具——掌握关系词
（关系代词）：（who）、（whom）、（whose）。
（关系副词）：（when）、（where）、（why）。
出现一个先行词“the suspect”，选择最合适的工具（关系词）来获取更多信息。
选择心法：第一步：看目标是人是物？第二步：看你要获取哪种信息？
人物识别拼图
场景：We need to find the artist. （我们要找到那个艺术家。）
信息一
___ drew this portrait. (主语信息）
Who
who drew this portrait
人物识别拼图
场景：We need to find the artist. （我们要找到那个艺术家。）
信息二
___ you mentioned yesterday. (宾语信息)
Whom
whom you mentioned
人物识别拼图
场景：We need to find the artist. （我们要找到那个艺术家。）
信息三
___ latest work sold for millions. (所属信息)
Whose
whose latest work sold for millions.
线索重组
侦探口诀：
Who 做主体，Whom 为宾役，Whose 表所属，身份最清晰。
The artist disappeared last night from his studio which is located in the downtown area. He is the painter whom you mentioned yesterday at the gallery opening . The artist, whose new painting sold for millions last week, left an unfinished painting and a mysterious note. Police are questioning the curator with whom he argued three days ago. Neighbors who live near his studio reported hearing a car speed away at midnight, but no license plate was recorded.
物证鉴定报告
报告A（描述状态）：___ was found in the river.
(Which/That)
报告B（指代物证）：___ the killer might have used.
(Which/That)
结论：指物时，which 和 that 常可通用。但记住，that 是个更“万能”的便衣侦探，有时它有特殊任务。
不在场证明调查
He has an alibi for the time. （他那段时间有不在场证明。）
选择对应的关系副词：
1. ___ the crime was committed. (犯罪发生时) -> When
2. ___ he claimed to be. (他声称所在的地方) -> Where
3. ___ he was not involved. (他没参与的原因) -> Why
划重点：
关系副词= 介词 + which。当你需要的是时间、地点、原因等“背景信息”时使用它们。
终极鉴别
对比两句话，选择正确工具
This is the hotel room. He stayed ___ last night.
This is the hotel room. He stayed ___ last night.
(缺地点状语，用where)
(缺宾语，用which/that)
破解悬案——攻克难点
悬案①：限制性 vs. 非限制性证言
调查目标：My brother is a suspect.
版本A（限制性）：My brother who lives abroad is a suspect.
(我那个住在国外的兄弟是嫌疑人。）
暗示我可能有不止一个兄弟，特指在国外的那位。
破解悬案——攻克难点
悬案①：限制性 vs. 非限制性证言
调查目标：My brother is a suspect.
版本B（非限制性）：My brother, who lives abroad, is a suspect.
(我的兄弟，他住在国外，是嫌疑人。）
补充信息，我只有一个兄弟。
悬案②：必须启用“王牌卧底 That”的四大绝密任务
每张卡片显示一个先行词，学生需判断是否必须用that。
1. 任务卡1（最高机密）：先行词被the only, the very修饰。
例句：He is the only agent ___ can crack this. (that)
悬案②：必须启用“王牌卧底 That”的四大绝密任务
每张卡片显示一个先行词，学生需判断是否必须用that。
2. 任务卡2（混合身份）：先行词既有人又有物。
例句：They discussed the suspect and the weapon ___ were found. (that)
悬案②：必须启用“王牌卧底 That”的四大绝密任务
每张卡片显示一个先行词，学生需判断是否必须用that。
3. 任务卡3（模糊目标）：先行词是all, everything, nothing等。
例句：Is there anything ___ I should know (that)
悬案②：必须启用“王牌卧底 That”的四大绝密任务
每张卡片显示一个先行词，学生需判断是否必须用that。
4. 任务卡4（头号目标）：先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
例句：This is the first clue ___ makes sense. (that)
悬案③：禁止使用 That 的红色禁区
禁区一：正式接头点（介词后）
错误示范：This is the safe house in that he hid. (警报响起)
正确示范：This is the safe house in which he hid. (红灯变绿)
悬案③：禁止使用 That 的红色禁区
禁区二：非限制性证言区（逗号后）
错误示范：
The mastermind, that is still at large, left a note. (警报响起)
正确示范：
The mastermind, who is still at large, left a note. (红灯变绿)
结案报告
案情（句子）：The reason ___ he provided was false.
步骤一（锁定目标）：先行词是 The reason。
步骤二（分析证言）：从句“he provided”缺什么？(缺宾语：提供了什么？提供了 reason)
步骤三（选择工具）：指物，缺宾语，可用 which/that。
步骤四（核查规则）：无限定逗号，非介词后，that 可用。
最终报告：The reason (that/which) he provided was false.
易错点终审法庭
案件一：身份混淆案
控方：He is one of the students who is from China.
(谓语用is)
辩方：He is one of the students who are from China.
(谓语用are)
裁决：谁对？
答案：辩方对。因为who指代the students（复数）。
易错点终审法庭
案件二：同类物品案
控方：This is the same knife as was used in the crime. (as)
辩方：This is the same knife that was used in the crime. (that)
裁决：谁对？
两句都对，但意思不同。as表示“同款”，that表示“同一把”。
实战演练
档案归类
1. 填空档案：The witness, ___ account changed twice, is unreliable. (who/whose/whom)
(答案：whose)
实战演练
2. 纠错档案：The code which we deciphered it led to the next location.
(答案：去掉“it”)
实战演练
3. 合并档案：
We finally found the warehouse. The stolen goods were hidden there.
→ We finally found the warehouse ___ the stolen goods were hidden.
(答案：where)
谢谢

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