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非谓语动词
定义
非谓语动词，指在句子中不能做谓语的动词。
一个句子中，只能有一个动词充当谓语，如果句子中有其他动词出现，需要变换动词的形式(to do、doing、done)来充当非谓语。
-ing 主动、进行、习惯性、普遍性、
to do 目的 未发生 具体、
一次性
-ed 被动、完成、状态
非谓语动词
主语 To be a doctor is my dream.
宾语 I like to read English.
表语 My job is to feed the animals.
定语 We have a lot of work to do.
目的状语 I came here to visit my friend.
宾语补足语 She invited me to go swimming.
独立成分 To be honest, I'm disappointed.
1. To play chess is fun.
It is important and interesting for us to learn English well.
It is adj/n +(for sb)+to do sth.
主语
形式主语
看看不定式在句中做了哪些成分
It’s very clever of you to come up with this idea.
It is + adj of sb to do sth.
形式主语
2. I want to learn English well.
plan to do need to do decide to do refuse to do
would like to do expect to do pretend to do
promise to do offer to do…
He feels it a duty to help the disabled.
宾语
形式宾语
Sb feel/think/find/believe it adj/n to do sth
3. My dream/plan/wish/aim/job is to be a doctor.
I come here to see you.
The ball is small enough to fit into the bags.
I hurried to Professor Zhang’s home only to find he was out.
I’m so glad to see you here.
表语
目的状语
结果状语
原因状语
5. Is this the best way to help him
She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
the way to do
the chance/opportunity to do
the ability to do
the reason to do
the time to do
定语
There is a lot of homework to do.
The building to be built next month will be our library.
定语
He is looking for a room to live in.
6. She asked him to do his homework.
.
宾语补足语
ask sb to do sth
allow sb to do sth
advise sb to do sth
invite sb to do sth
persuade sb to do sth
感官动词、使役动词后用省略to的动词不定式
make/have/let sb do sth
see/notice/observe sb do sth
7. 动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问词+动词不定式在句中做宾语或主语。
一般为what, who, whom, where, how, whether, why, which
Do you know how to learn English
Let me tell you what to do.
1. 动词不定式属于非谓语动词, 在句子中可以充当除谓语外的其他各个句子成分；
2. 动词不定式通常有以下几种形式(以do为例)：
主动式 被动式
一般式 to do ⑴ ___________
完成式 ⑵ ___________ to have been done
进行式 ⑶ ___________
to have done
to be done
to be doing
pretend to do
pretend to have done
pretend to be doing
用括号内动词的 适当形式填空：
1.It is easy _______ (be) wise after the event.
2.I’m sorry ____________ (disappoint) you but I can’t let you________ (know) the result of the exam until the end of the week.
3.____________ (complete) that book in three months was a great achievement.
4.I saw him _______ (run) the mile in four minutes.
5.He made me ______ (tell) him the whole story.
He was made ______ (tell) the whole story.
to be
to disappoint
know
To complete
run
tell
to tell
6. _________ (tell) you the truth, I don’t know what the answer is.
7.Why didn’t you try__________ (persuade) him _________ (come)
with us
8. We don’t want anybody ________ (know) that we are here.
To tell
to persuade
to come
to know
9.Hook was looking for someone _______ (help) him.
10.I advised him ________ (ask) the conductor(售票员) where _____ (get) off.
11.He got to the station only ________ (tell) that the train had left.
to help
to ask
to get
to be told
12.I had meant _______(tell) you the truth but I was too frightened.
13 .The questions _____________ (answer) are on page 30.
14.The book is hard _____________ (understand).
to tell
to be answered
to understand
Smoking may cause cancer.
He tried to avoid answering their questions.
One of her duties is typing letters.
The man sitting next to you is our headmaster.
Being angry, he can’t say a word.
I saw him running down the street.
v-ing 形式可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。
1.作主语
Finding work is difficult theses days.
It was a waste of time reading that book.
It’s no use/good worrying about it.
主语
真正主语
2.作宾语
Would you mind waiting a few minutes？
英语中有些动词或动词短语的后面只能跟上动名词。 如 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider , give up, enjoy, regret（后悔）, insist on, practise , finish, put off , mind，escape, excuse（原谅）, stand(忍受) , imagine, miss, risk, suggest, can’t help(禁不住), set about（开始，着手）
be used to doing 习惯于做 be busy doing 忙于做 be worth doing 值得做 be good at doing 擅长做 prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A不做B
spend...doing某人花费......做......
can't stand doing 不能忍受做 succeed in doing 成功做
It's no use doing... 做某事没有用 stop sb from doing阻止某人做 look forward to doing 期望做
have trouble/difficulty(in) doing做某事有麻烦
need,want,require,deserve 主动形式表被动含义
need doing=need to be done
The flowers need watering.
The flowers need to be watered.
英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义不同.
remember to do 记得要做什么......
remember doing 记得做了......
forget to do 忘记要做......
forget doing 忘记做了......
regret to do 遗憾地做......（未完成）
regret doing 后悔做了......
stop to do 停下来做另外一件事
stop doing 停下正在做的事
go on to do 继续做另外一件事
go on doing 继续做原来的事
try to do 尽力做某事
try doing 尝试做某事
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
would like to do
feel like doing
3.作表语
The speed of the horses was amazing.
4. 作定语
There are no swimming pools in our school.
Do you know the three children walking towards us falling leaves 正在落下的树叶
动名词作定语，仅表被修饰的名词的用途;现在分词说的是被修饰的名词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作,可用相应的定语从句换.
5. 作宾语补足语
有些动词后既可以跟不带to的动词不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语,但意义不同，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，have， make等，不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；
We heard her sing this song before we went in.
We heard her singing this song when we got there.
6. 作状语
V-ing 形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随等含义,相当于一个状语从句
Seeing the police, he escaped quickly.
时间状语
We were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday.
伴随状语
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
注意： He got to the station only to find that the train had left.
结果状语
动词ing形式做结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果
Seeing the city, I feel relaxed.
Seen from the top of the mountains, the city looks beautiful.
v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般和句子主语保持一致；
主动式 被动式
一般式 (not）V-ing (not)being + V-ed
完成式 (not)having V-ed (not)having been
V-ed
1. European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
2. He rushed to the train station, only ____ the train
had gone.
A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find
3._______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old．
A．The walk B．Walking C．To walk D．Walk
动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。
4 . I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling
5. —The light in the office is still on．
—Oh，I forgot _______ ．
A．turning it off B．turn it off
C．to turn it off D．having turned it off
熟读下列各句, 体会动词-ed形式的用法。
1. Hearing the news, he looked disappointed.
2. We have read many novels written (=which were written) by this author.
3. Seen (=When it is seen) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
动词的-ed形式
ed形式的形容词修饰人
ing形式的形容词修饰物
ing形式表主动，表进行
ed形式表完成，表被动，表状态
falling leaves fallen leaves
The person making a cake is Lucy.
She had her money stolen on the bus.
have/get/make sth done 使某事被做
I am going to have my bike repaired.
She needs to get her homework finished before bed.
1.He never expected the professor’s lecture was so ________ (bore).
____________ (disappoint) at the results, she didn’t say a word.
3. The question ________ (raise ) by the student beat
the teacher.
boring
Disappointed
raised
4. Make sentences, ______ (use) the phrases ______ (give) below.
5.The man lay on his back, with his whole body ________ ( bury ) in the sand.
6. His question set all of us _________ (think) .
7. I’ll have the message ______(send ) to the teachers.
using
given
buried
thinking
sent
8 .The bookcase is full of books _______ (write) for high school students.
9. _____ (see) from the hill, the village is like a beautiful picture.
written
Seen
用括号内动词的 适当形式填空：
It’s difficult for foreigners to get used to _________ (eat) with chopsticks.
They don’t allow _________ (smoke).
He warned her _____________ (not touch) to wire.
I can’t imagine _______ (live) with somebody who never stops ________ (talk).
eating
smoking
not to touch
living
talking
5. Is there anything worth ________ (buy)
6. You are expected _________ (know) the laws of your own country.
7. I’m prepared _________ (wait) here all night if necessary.
buying
to know
to wait
8. Don’t leave. The baby wants ___________ (watch).
The nurse wants __________ (watch) the baby’s behaviors when there are no adults nearby.
watching
to watch
9.Obeying means______ (do) what one is told to do.
He meant ________ (train) the boy to be a good swimmer.
10.She loved _______ (act) than anything else.
She’d love _________ (act) a part in the short play.
doing
to train
acting
to act
11. He forgot _______ (post) the letter his wife asked him to.
He didn’t feel in the pockets. He’d quite forgotten _______
(put) the key there.
12.My suggestion couldn’t help________ (improve) their service.
I couldn’t help_________ (make) apologies when I realized I had caused him a lot of trouble.
13. He walked quietly, afraid of ___________ (frighten) the snake.
Thinking he would be fired, he was afraid _______ (see) his boss.
to post
putting
improve
making
frightening
to see
14.Something has been done to prevent workers from _____________ ( injure) when they are working.
15. I noticed a man _________(sit)at the front.
16. The question is easy ________ (answer).
being injured
sitting
to answer
17. His first book _______________(publish) next month is based on a true story.
18. _________(look)at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
19. He tried to get his homework ________ (finish) before dinner.
20. The main purpose of this meeting is _______ (discuss) the new project plan.
to be published
Looking
finished
to discuss

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