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(共25张PPT)
英语
专题三　名词
1.可数名词变复数
(1)规则变化
重难透析
情况 构成 示例
一般情况 加-s 熟人acquaintance→acquaintances 　展示display→displays
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh 等结尾词 加-es 方法approach→approaches　　　 碰撞crash→crashes
病毒virus→viruses　　 箱子box→boxes
如果词尾的-ch发/k/音,加-s 胃stomach→stomachs
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 将y变为i加-es 发现discovery→discoveries　　　 设施facility→facilities
情况 构成 示例
以-o结尾的词 加-s 工作室studio→studios
加-es 英雄hero→heroes　土豆potato→potatoes　西红柿tomato→tomatoes
加-s或-es均可 座右铭motto→mottos/mottoes　　 火山volcano→volcanos/volcanoes
以-f或-fe 结尾的词 将f或fe变为v加-es 刀knife→knives　 小偷thief→thieves 狼wolf→wolves
加-s 海湾gulf→gulfs　 悬崖cliff→cliffs 屋顶roof→roofs
首领chief→chiefs　　信仰belief→beliefs　证据proof→proofs
(2)不规则变化
变化方式 示例
单复数同形 鹿deer　　 绵羊sheep　 方式means　 飞机aircraft 工厂works　　系列series　物种species 头数head 中国人Chinese 日本人Japanese 瑞士人Swiss
变内部元音 脚,英尺foot→feet　牙齿tooth→teeth　鹅goose→geese 老鼠mouse→mice　　男人man→men　　女人woman→women
词尾加-ren/-en 孩子child→children　　　公牛ox→oxen
特殊名词变化 危机crisis→crises　　　　基础basis→bases　　　 分析analysis→analyses
数据datum→data　　 细菌bacterium→bacteria　　校友alumnus→alumni
标准criterion→criteria　　现象phenomenon→phenomena
(3)复合名词复数变化规则
情况 构成 示例
有中心 名词 有其他词位于中心名词前后修饰中心名词 只有中心名词变复数 讲故事的人storyteller→storytellers 旁观者bystander→bystanders
总编辑editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief 路人passer-by→passers-by
man/woman+中心名词 men/women+中心名词复数形式 男教师man teacher→men teachers
女医生woman doctor→women doctors
无中心名词 在最后一个词词尾加-s 成年人grown-up→grownups 离家出走者runaway→runaways
勿忘草forget-me-not→forget-me-nots
(4)复数形式具有特殊意义的名词
单数形式 复数形式
custom风俗 customs海关
good好处 goods货物
manner态度,方式 manners礼貌
spirit精神 spirits情绪,心境
water水 waters水域
2.表示名词的量的短语
只能修饰可数名词复数的短语 a good/great many...　a (great/large) number of...　 scores/dozens/hundreds/thousands/millions of...
只能修饰不可数名词的短语 a great deal of　a bit of　an amount of/amounts of
既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词的短语 plenty of　a lot of/lots of　a variety of/varieties of　 a quantity of/quantities of
3.名词所有格
(1)形式
形式 基本用法 示例
名词末尾加-'s 多用于表示有生命的人或动物 child's play轻而易举
Uncle Tom's Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
介词of加名词 多用于表示无生命的东西 the top of a house房顶　
the title of the passage该章节的题目
(2)-'s所有格的构成
情况 构成 示例
单数名词/不以-s结尾的复数名词 加-'s the men's lavatory男厕所
以-s结尾的复数名词 加-' the students' reading room学生阅览室
复合词或名词短语 在最后一个词后加-'s her brother-in-law's car她姐夫的汽车
复合不定代词+else 在else后加-'s somebody else's possessions别人的财产
易混易错　Tom's and Jack's rooms=Tom's room and Jack's room(Tom和Jack各自的房间)
Tom and Jack's room(Tom和Jack共有的房间)
知识拓展 双重所有格
如果被修饰的名词是不确定的,表示其中的一个或几个,且其前有a(an)、some、
many、any、no等限定词,其后通常要用双重所有格形式,即of+名词所有格/名词性物
主代词。
Some friends of my sister's will join us in the game.我姐姐的一些朋友将和我们一起玩游戏。
4.常考的名词后缀
后缀 意义 示例
-age 表示动作、结果或状态 marriage婚姻　　　shortage短缺 storage储藏
表示处所、地点 cottage村舍　　 orphanage孤儿院 passage走廊
-al 用于动词后,表示过程或状态 arrival到达　　　　proposal建议 revival复苏
-an, -ian 来自……的人;擅于……的人 Egyptian埃及人　　librarian图书管理员 physician医师
-ance/ence, -ancy/ency 表示性质或状态 performance表演　 expectancy预料 tendency趋势
-ant 表示人 applicant申请人　　assistant助手 consultant顾问
-ar/er/or 表示人或物 liar说谎者　　recorder录音机　 visitor参观者
-cy 表示性质或状态 accuracy精确　　privacy隐私
后缀 意义 示例
-dom 表示状态、身份或领域 freedom自由　　　kingdom王国 wisdom智慧
-ee 表示受动者、与……有关的人 employee雇员　　 refugee难民
-ful 表示“充满……的量” handful一把(的量)　　mouthful一满口(的量)
-hood 表示状态、性质或时期 childhood儿童时代　　neighbourhood街区;临近的地方
-ion, -sion/tion 表示行为或状态 expression表达　　accommodation住处 application申请
-ism 表示行为、结果或状态、品质 criticism批评　　 heroism英勇表现 realism现实主义
-ist 表示从事某种职业或研究的人,某种主义者或信仰者 novelist小说家　　socialist社会主义者　specialist专家
-ive 表示(能)做某事的人或物 detective侦探　　representative代表
-ment 表示行为或结果 achievement成就　commitment保证　development发展
后缀 意义 示例
-ness 表示状态、性质或结果 awareness意识　　loneliness孤独
-(i)ty,-ality/ility, -ability/ibility 表示状态或行为 anxiety焦虑　　 stability稳定性　 responsibility责任
-ship 表示状态、性质、品质 friendship友谊　 　hardship艰苦 relationship关系
表示地位、资格、职位 championship冠军 leadership领导　membership会员
-th 表示性质、动作或过程 depth深度　　　　growth成长　 strength力量
-ure 表示行为、过程或结果 exposure暴露　　 mixture混合
题组一
1. Chinese artists often say that the artists first need to have a thorough and deep under-
standing of natural _________(exist) before drawing.
2. A living heritage is an endless dialogue between the present and the past, and Kunqu
Opera is a _______(carry) to pass that legacy on.
3. The jawbones of acanthothoracids have enough ____________(similar) to modern human
jaws.
4. What's more, it is a true reflection of Chinese people always placing ________(empha-
size) on details.
emphasis
similarities
carrier
existence
考点针对练
5. Made from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable _______(pur-
sue) for scholars.
6. Since its opening, Shanghai Disney Resort has set many records, which include welcoming
more than 11 million visitors in its first year of operations, beating market ____________
(expect).
7. Distinguishable character qualities appropriate for shadow performances are presented
through the ________(adopt) of realistic and abstract approaches.
8. As time progressed, Jing County oilcloth umbrellas carry not only practical ___________
(apply) but also rich cultural significance.
application
adoption
expectations
pursuit
9. Liu Tiantai, a senior engineer in the forestry ____________(conserve) center, said that the
camera captured three photos and one video of the precious animal.
10. Fortunately, with the _________(include) of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one of China's
national intangible cultural heritages in 2008, things have been improving.
11. This not only aids in the ____________(preserve) of the delicate documents but also faci-
litates research and education globally.
12. Platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more ________(ex-
pose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
13. In 1986, she got the Civil Order of Alfonso Ⅹ the Wise, a famous Spanish civil order,
exposure
preservation
inclusion
conservation
for her ____________(achieve) in Don Quixote.
14. With the historic revision of gender ________(equal) being underway overseas, Lin's
legendary story has now become known to generations of young people.
15. Temperatures in Abu Dhabi can climb to over 50℃. As a result, air conditioning is a
_________(necessary) there, and people tend to spend a lot of time indoors.
16. Zhang added that ensuring the safety and stability of robotaxis remains a top ________
(prior), and more efforts are required to enhance self-driving testing and application.
priority
necessity
equality
achievements
题组二
17. In more technical terms, the ______(wise) of crowds requires that people's estimates be
independent.
18. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental _________
(aware), and healthy lifestyles.
19. What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its __________
(appear).
20. Each week, ____________(participate) will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflec-
tion task.
participants
appearance
awareness
wisdom
21. For a very long moment, this tiny ________(create) looked into my eyes, turning her head
from side to side.
22. Early last year, I was troubled by an _______(anxious) that crippled(削弱) my ability to
do anything.
23. According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and
___________(consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.
24. In the case of the bamboo, it serves as an emblem(象征) of modesty and mental
________ (strong).
25. It reflected the global ___________(recognize) of Hong Kong cinema, which has been an
recognition
strength
consumption
anxiety
creature
important force in the film world.
26. The Chinese film market has experienced a noticeable ________(recover) this year.
27. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over
__________(century) on the ancient Silk Road.
28. Her ________(propose) might be one of the most effective ways to help resolve the
problem.
29. It vividly illustrates the process of historical development, which is the ultimate goal of
historical research and archaeological ______________(explore).
30. After the __________(complete) of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission, China will also plan a
completion
exploration(s)
proposal
centuries
recovery
number of Tianwen series of planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of
space.
31. Created in 2010, Chinese Language Day was designated to celebrate multilingualism
and cultural _________(diverse), and promote the equal use of the six official languages with-
in the United Nations.
32. She shows us through her actions that regardless of the circumstances, as long as you
have determination and ____________(persevere), you can definitely achieve success.
33. Through the Asian Games, Hangzhou's green and high-tech development concepts
served as models for other cities in China, which also showed the country's _____________
(commit) to low-carbon and innovation-driven development.
commitment(s)
perseverance
diversity
题组三
34. The Village Basketball Association has sparked a trend of organizing village basketball
events across the country, reflecting the __________(enthusiastic) of the Chinese people for
grassroots sports.
35. This increases stability, but also adds ___________(flexible) to the architecture, strong
enough to resist earthquakes.
36. Species are disappearing at a rate much faster than that millions of years ago, with up to
one million species on the edge of __________(extinct).
37. The naturally-flowing strokes, a product of his outstanding skills and the ___________(in-
inspiration
extinction
flexibility
enthusiasm
spire) of the moment have led the “Preface to the Poems Collected from the Orchid Pavilion” to be regarded widely as the best semi-cursive calligraphy(行书) work ever.
38. The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers. An adult male can grow up to 2.9 meters in
______(long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.
39. The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system involving knowledge, skills, and
practices about the __________(manage) of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual
processing, drinking, and sharing of tea.
40. Leung will play a scientist and work with a top film ________(produce) to show a story
across different countries.
producer
management
length
41. The system, using domestic software and hardware, supports in-orbit software recon-
struction, flexible deployment of core network functions and automated management, en-
hancing the efficiency and ___________(reliable) of the in-orbit operation of the satellite core
network.
42. Besides its _____________(effective) in fighting, Mizong Quan also focuses on developing the mind and body.
43. Packaging and delivery companies have ________(branch) in the Dounan Flower Market
and they can ensure quick delivery of the flowers.
44. With a total area of 43,411 hectares and 94.5 percent forest ________(cover), this nature
reserve is home to many rare and endangered species.
coverage
branches
effectiveness
reliability
45. They were widely read by people and contained philosophical ideas, history and view-
points about human society that defined part of the worldviews of the scholar and the
__________ (politics), which had a significant effect on the development of Chinese societies
in past eras.
46. The 19th Asian Games have integrated Hangzhou's rich historical heritage, surging
___________(innovate), vitality and distinct value pursuit into various aspects.
47. However, in 2017, the park made history with its _______(remove) from the list, a sig-
nificant and remarkable achievement of the government of Ethiopia.
removal
innovation
politician

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