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(共21张PPT)
2026 高三一轮复习
词汇复习
Unit 5 A delicate world
话题： 人与社会
MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos to Conservation
I am standing on Macquarie Island，in the South-west Pacific Ocean，halfway between Australia and Antarctica. Strong winds and ________(storm) seas have helped sculpt its long，thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，________(give) it a wild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it ________(surprise) that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony ________ their natural habitat for thousands of years.
stormy
giving
surprising
with
But the island’s more recent history tells a different story. It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they ________(knowing) brought rats and ________(mouse). These small animals quickly took over the island，eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately，the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds，too.
Meanwhile，rabbits ________(introduce) to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island，they did ________ rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，________ caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats，________(mean) that the number of cats also increased. This ________ turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891.
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s，the rabbits remained out of control. Experts felt ________ necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind，a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population ________(decrease) from 130，000 to around 10，000，it also meant less food for the cats. The cats ________consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds，killing up ________ 60，000 each year. In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away，the mice will play. ”With the ________(depart) of the cats from the island，the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits It turned ________ that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again. Then，in 2006，the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse，________ killed a ________(substance) number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed ________(solve) once and for all.
So，I am here on Macquarie Island to participate ________ the programme to tackle this very problem. The first step involved poison ________(drop) from helicopters. The next step is ________(remove) the last remaining invading species，and that’s ________ I come in—with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one，without harming the native animals. This intervention is a long，much-delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Postscript：In 2014，Macquarie Island was declared pest-free and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
1. halfway adj. 中间的；半途 adv.不彻底地
halfway through中途
2. dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地→ drama n.戏剧 → dramatic adj. 急剧的；激动人心的;引人注目的;
dramatically change 显著地改变
3. heritage n.遗产；传统 legacy n.遗产，遗留
4. inhabitant n. 栖居的动物；居民
inhabit v. 居住于 habitat n.（动植物的）生活环境，栖息地
resident n.居民，住户
5.subsequent adj.继···之后的，随后的→ subsequently adv.（反：previous）
6. appetite n. ①食欲，胃口；②欲望，爱好
give sb an appetite 使某人胃口大开
an appetite for 对……的爱好/ 强烈欲望
7. multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增；乘；(使)繁殖→ multiple adj.多种多样的
8.vegetation n.植物植被
9. erosion n.侵蚀；逐步毁坏，削弱→erode v.侵蚀;腐蚀;风化;逐渐毁坏；渐渐削弱
10. chaos n. 混乱，无秩序状态；混沌
in chaos 混乱；纷乱 同义词：mess / disorder / confusion
11. conservation n.保护；保存；节约→ conserve v. 保护；保存；节约→ conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者
同义词：preserve v.保护，保存 / maintain v. 维护，保养 / conserve
12.virus n.病毒
13. decrease v.（使）变小，（使）减少 n．减少，降低
decrease / decline / reduce to ...减少到……
increase/grow/rise同用法
decrease / decline / reduce by ...减少了……
on the decrease 在减少
14. trap n.夹子，陷阱 v．使陷入困境；卡住，夹住；使陷入圈套
be/get trapped in ...被困在……中
be/get caught in be/get stuck in be/get blocked in
15. departure n．离开；起程; 离职 → depart v．离开，出发
departure time 出发时间 depart from 从...离开
depart / leave for 前往...
16. immunity n.免疫力；免除，豁免→ immune / mju n/ adj. 免疫的
17. explode v．突然增加；爆炸，爆发，迸发(感情) → explosion n．激增；爆炸→ explosive adj.会爆炸的；激增的
explode into/with laughter 哄堂大笑
explode into/with anger勃然大怒
18. collapse v.倒坍；昏倒；崩溃（break down）；暴跌;昏倒
19. substantial adj.大量的，多的→ substantially adv.大量地
a substantial number of 大量的；相当多的
20. incident n.事件；（两国间的）冲突，严重摩擦→ incidentally adv.偶然; 附带地
incident n. 事件 accident n. 事故；意外事件
event n. 事件，大事 occurrence n. 事件
21. intervention n.干预，介入→ intervene v.干预，介入；打断；
22.delay v.耽误，延误（put off）n. 延误 delay doing sth
23. owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归因于，归功于→ owing adj. 欠着的; 未付的
owe sb sth / owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe it to sb to do sth 某人应该做···/应给予
owing to = because of/ due to/ on account of 因为, 由于
24.ecology n.生态；生态学→ ecological adj.生态的;生态学的 → ecologist n. 生态学家
25.dissolve v.溶解，消除，解散
26. nutrient n.养分，营养物 → nutrition n.营养; 滋养→ nutritional adj.营养的，滋养的→ nutritious adj.营养丰富的
WHY SHENNONGJIA
Good morning，everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here ________ behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
As we know，in 2016，Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask：why Shennongjia Is it its forests ________ stretch on and on like great green seas Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine，Shennong，after ________ the park is named Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren”（wild man） that has captured the imagination of the world
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and ________(variety) species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare ________(locate) in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
For the first criterion，Shennongjia is ________(apparent) one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level，giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”. The vast range in altitude results in a great ________(vary) in climatic conditions. This allows a wide ________(vary) of species to thrive. Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years，and are regarded ________ living fossils.
For the second criterion，we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics，over 3，000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten per cent of China’s total floral richness. Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species，including the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard. Additionally，around 4，300 insect species have been recorded.
It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter，scientists brave heavy snow and ________(freeze) temperatures to supply food ________ the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks ________ their efforts，the monkey’s population ________(double) since the 1980s. Their number reached over 1，300 in 2015 and continues ________(grow).
But the most ________(impress) aspect of Shennongjia is the local people，who take things from nature ________ causing damage. I visited a local village which is known ________ its home-made honey. ________ is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Every spring，the villagers place beehives around their houses to attract these wild bees from the forest. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species，the bees of Shennongjia________(coexist) with the local people for centuries. By providing the bees with a secure home，the villagers collect their honey ________ return. This is just one of the ways in ________ people of Shennongjia live and work ________ harmony with nature.
All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List，as well as highlighting how understanding，________(aware) and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
Thank you for listening. Now，does anyone have any questions
1. comparison n．比较→ compare v．比较；对比；比喻
by comparison 相比之下，相比较而言(通常作状语)
in comparison with 与……相比较
compare ...with ... 把……和……相比较
compare ...to ... 把……比作……
2. visual adj.视觉的；视力的→ visually adv.形象化地；外表上；直观地→ vision n.视力; 视野; 想象; 幻象
3. session n.一段时间；会议
4. on behalf of 代表
同义词：on one's behalf = represent = stand for
in behalf of sb/in one‘s behalf 为了某人，为了某人的利益
5. herbal adj. 药草的，香草的→ herb n.药草; 香草; 草本植物
6. mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的；故弄玄虚的→ mystery n.神秘
7. status n. 地位；身份
8. criterion n. 尺度，标准，准则 criteria (pl.)
meet/ satisfy/fulfill criteria 符合标准
9. prosper /v. 繁荣；兴旺；成功；发达→ prosperous adj. 繁荣的，富裕的→ prosperity n. 兴旺; 繁荣; 成功
10. rare adj.稀有的，罕见的；珍贵的；“(肉) 半熟的、半生的” →rarely adv.很少，罕有
11. biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的→ biologist n.生物学家→ biology n. 生物学
12. apparently /adv.据说；看来，似乎→ apparent adj.显而易见的；明显的 obviously / clearly
13.vast adj.巨大的（huge）;辽阔的
14.altitude n.海拔，高度
15. variation n. 变化，差异→ vary v.变化；差异；不同 → various adj. 各种各样的→ variety n. ①多样性 ②变化 ③种类 → varied adj.各种各样的
vary from...to... 从...到...的变化
a wide variety of = a wide range of = various 各种各样的
16. thrive v. 兴旺发达；繁荣；旺盛；茁壮成长→ thriving adj. 欣欣向荣的，兴旺发达的 prosperous adj. 欣欣向荣的，兴旺发达的
17. endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→ endanger v．危及；危害；使遭遇危险
in danger / at risk 处于危险之中
at the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的风险
dangerous adj.有危险的，不安全的
18. invasion n. 涌入；入侵；侵犯→ invade v.武装入侵; 侵略; 涌入→ invader n. 侵略者
19. coexist v.共存，共处→ coexistence n.共处;共存
coexist with 与...共存
come into existence /come into being 存在；产生
20. secure adj. 稳固的；安全的；安心的；有把握的 v.使安全；获得；使···固定→ security n. 安全
insecure adj. 不安全的
safe, unsafe, safety 、 stable，unstable，stability）
21. greeting n. 问候；招呼→ greet v.问候，打招呼
exchange greetings 互相问候

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