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新外研版七年级下册Unit 3 Food matters知识清单
一、核心词汇（附音标与词性）
1. 基础食物名词
food [fu d] n. 食物
fruit [fru t] n. 水果（总称，常作不可数；指种类时可数）
vegetable ['ved t bl] n. 蔬菜（常用复数：vegetables）
meat [mi t] n. 肉（不可数）
fish [f ] n. 鱼；鱼肉（作“鱼”时可数；作“鱼肉”不可数）
rice [ra s] n. 米饭；大米（不可数）
noodle(s) ['nu dl(z)] n. 面条（常用复数）
bread [bred] n. 面包（不可数）
egg [eɡ] n. 蛋，鸡蛋
milk [m lk] n. 牛奶（不可数）
water ['w t (r)] n. 水（不可数）
2. 常见具体食物
apple [' pl] n. 苹果
banana [b 'nɑ n ] n. 香蕉
orange [' r nd ] n. 橙子
tomato [t 'mɑ t ] n. 番茄（复数：tomatoes）
potato [p 'te t ] n. 土豆（复数：potatoes）
carrot ['k r t] n. 胡萝卜
chicken ['t k n] n. 鸡肉（不可数）；小鸡（可数）
beef [bi f] n. 牛肉（不可数）
pork [p k] n. 猪肉（不可数）
hamburger ['h mb ɡ (r)] n. 汉堡包
sandwich ['s nw t ] n. 三明治（复数：sandwiches）
cake [ke k] n. 蛋糕
chocolate ['t kl t] n. 巧克力（不可数）
ice cream [ a s 'kri m] n. 冰淇淋（不可数）
3. 三餐与饮品
breakfast ['brekf st] n. 早餐
lunch [l nt ] n. 午餐
dinner ['d n (r)] n. 晚餐，正餐
meal [mi l] n. 一餐，一顿饭
drink [dr k] n. 饮料 v. 喝
tea [ti ] n. 茶（不可数）
coffee ['k fi] n. 咖啡（不可数）
juice [d u s] n. 果汁（不可数）
cola ['k l ] n. 可乐（不可数）
4. 味道与品质形容词
delicious [d 'l s] adj. 美味的
tasty ['te sti] adj. 可口的
sweet [swi t] adj. 甜的 n. 糖果
sour ['sa (r)] adj. 酸的
salty ['s lti] adj. 咸的
fresh [fre ] adj. 新鲜的
healthy ['helθi] adj. 健康的
unhealthy [ n'helθi] adj. 不健康的
hot [h t] adj. 辣的；热的
cold [k ld] adj. 冷的
5. 相关动作与状态动词
eat [i t] v. 吃（过去式：ate [et]）
drink [dr k] v. 喝（过去式：drank [dr k]）
cook [k k] v. 烹饪 n. 厨师
make [me k] v. 制作（过去式：made [me d]）
buy [ba ] v. 买（过去式：bought [b t]）
order [' d (r)] v./n. 点餐；订单
like [la k] v. 喜欢
love [l v] v. 热爱
hate [he t] v. 讨厌，憎恨
prefer [pr 'f (r)] v. 更喜欢
need [ni d] v./n. 需要
want [w nt] v. 想要
try [tra ] v./n. 尝试
6. 其他重要词汇
hungry ['h ɡri] adj. 饥饿的
thirsty ['θ sti] adj. 口渴的
full [f l] adj. 饱的；满的
diet ['da t] n. 日常饮食；节食
health [helθ] n. 健康
price [pra s] n. 价格
money ['m ni] n. 钱（不可数）
some [s m] adj./pron. 一些
any ['eni] adj./pron. 任何；一些（用于疑问句和否定句）
many ['meni] adj. 许多的（修饰可数名词）
much [m t ] adj. 许多的（修饰不可数名词）
二、重点短语
1. 三餐与饮食习惯
have breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早餐/午餐/晚餐
three meals a day 一日三餐
be hungry/thirsty 饿了/渴了
be full 饱了
eat out 外出就餐
at home 在家
in a restaurant 在餐馆里
fast food 快餐
2. 食物偏好与选择
like/love...very much/a lot 非常喜欢……
not...at all 一点也不……
prefer...to... 比起……更喜欢……
would like... 想要……
feel like (doing) sth. 想要（做）某事
in the mood for... 想吃……
be good/bad for health 对健康有益/有害
keep healthy 保持健康
3. 点餐与购物
order food 点餐
take one’s order 记下某人的点单
on the menu 在菜单上
something to eat/drink 一些吃的/喝的
a glass/cup/bottle of... 一杯/一瓶……
a bowl/plate of... 一碗/一盘……
a piece/slice of... 一片……
how much... ……多少钱
pay for... 为……付钱
4. 烹饪与准备
cook meals 做饭
make dinner 做晚饭
do some cooking 做饭
wash vegetables 洗菜
cut up 切碎
add...to... 把……加到……里
be ready 准备好了
三、核心句型
1. 征求意见与提供选择
What would you like (to eat/drink) （你想吃/喝点什么？）
What would you like for dinner — I’d like some noodles.
Would you like some... （你想要一些……吗？）
Would you like some tea — Yes, please. / No, thank you.
How/What about... （……怎么样？）
How about a sandwich — That sounds good.
Why don’t you/we... （为什么不……呢？）
Why don’t we order a pizza
2. 表达喜好与厌恶
I like/love...（我喜欢/热爱……）
I love fruit, especially apples and bananas.
I don’t like.../I hate...（我不喜欢……/我讨厌……）
I don’t like vegetables very much. I hate carrots.
My favourite food is...（我最喜欢的食物是……）
My favourite food is chocolate, but I know it’s not healthy.
3. 描述饮食习惯
I usually have...for breakfast/lunch/dinner.（我早餐/午餐/晚餐通常吃……）
I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
It’s good/bad for your health.（这对你的健康有益/有害。）
Eating too much fast food is bad for your health.
You should/shouldn’t...（你应该/不应该……）
You should eat more vegetables and fruit.
4. 询问与说明数量
How many... （多少……？）【接可数名词复数】
How many apples do you want — Three, please.
How much... （多少……？）【接不可数名词】
How much milk is there in the fridge — There is a little.
How much is the chicken — It’s 20 yuan a kilo.（询问价格）
四、语法聚焦
1. 可数名词与不可数名词（系统总结）
这是本单元最核心的语法点，也是中考基础考点。
类别 特点 常见例子（本单元） 量词搭配
可数名词 有单复数变化 2. 可与a/an, many, few, 数词连用3. 复数可单独使用 apple(s), banana(s), egg(s), hamburger(s), tomato(es), potato(es) a/an + 单数； 直接用数词+复数
不可数名词 没有复数形式 不与a/an直接连用 可与much, little, some连用 4. 表示数量时需用单位词 bread, rice, meat, fish（鱼肉）, milk, water, tea, coffee, juice, chocolate a piece/slice of bread a bowl of rice a glass/cup of milk a bottle of water a kilo of meat
既可数又 不可数 含义不同，可数性不同 chicken: 鸡肉（不可数）；小鸡（可数） fish: 鱼肉（不可数）；鱼（可数，复数可仍为fish）fruit: 水果总称（不可数）；各种水果（可数 fruits） 根据具体含义判断
2. some与any的用法
用法 例句
some 用于肯定句中，表示“一些” 2. 用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中，希望得到肯定回答 I need some bread and milk.（肯定句） Would you like some tea （建议性问句，期待对方说“要”）
any 用于否定句中，表示“任何” 用于一般疑问句中，表示“一些” 3. 用于肯定句中表示“任何” We don’t have any fruit.（否定句） Do you have any questions （一般疑问句） You can choose any drink you like.（肯定句，表“任一的”）
How many与How much的疑问句
疑问词 接续 功能 例句
How many + 可数名词复数 询问可数事物的数量 How many eggs do we need
How much 1. +不可数名词 2. 单独使用 1. 询问不可数事物的数量 2. 询问价格 1. How much water is left 2. How much is the beef How much does it cost
4. 含有would like的句型（表示委婉请求或意愿）
would like sth. 想要某物
I would like a cup of coffee.
would like to do sth. 想要做某事
He would like to order now.
Would you like... （礼貌地）询问对方意愿
Would you like some soup — Yes, please. / No, thank you.
Would you like to... 邀请对方做某事
Would you like to have dinner with us
注意：would like = want，但语气更委婉礼貌。其缩写形式为 ’d like。
五、情景交际用语
1. 在家讨论饮食
A: Mum, I’m hungry. What’s for dinner
B: I’m making fish and vegetables. Can you set the table
A: Sure. Do we have any juice
B: Yes, there’s some apple juice in the fridge. Please get it out.
A: Okay. The fish smells delicious!
2. 在餐厅点餐
Waiter: Are you ready to order
Customer A: Yes. I’d like a hamburger and a glass of cola, please.
Waiter: And for you
Customer B: I’ll have the chicken sandwich and a cup of tea. How much are they
Waiter: That’s 45 yuan in total.
Customer B: Here you are.
3. 给出健康建议
A: I often feel tired in the afternoon.
B: What do you usually have for lunch
A: Just a sandwich and a bag of chips. Sometimes a chocolate bar.
B: That might be the problem. You should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of so much junk food. How about having a salad tomorrow
A: That’s a good idea. I’ll try.
4. 购物时询问
A: Excuse me, how much are the tomatoes
B: They’re 6 yuan a kilo.
A: Okay, I’d like two kilos. And do you have any fresh milk
B: Yes, it’s over there. 10 yuan a bottle.
A: One bottle, please. How much is that altogether
B: That’s 22 yuan.
六、易错点提醒
1. 不可数名词误加复数或冠词：
I want a bread. / I eat rices every day.
I want some bread / a piece of bread. / I eat rice every day.
2. How many 与 How much 混淆：
How much apples do you want (apples可数)
How many apples do you want
How many milk is there (milk不可数)
How much milk is there
3. some 与 any 的误用：
在表示请求或建议的疑问句中（希望对方说“要”），用some。
Would you like any tea （语法可能对，但不够礼貌自然）
Would you like some tea （更常见，更礼貌）
4. would like 后动词形式错误：
would like to do sth.
I would like having some water.
I would like to have some water.
5. 询问价格时的结构：
How much is + 单数物品？
How much are + 复数物品？
How much are the beef (beef不可数，视为单数)
How much is the beef
How much are the apples

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