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七年级英语下册Unit1讲义
The secrets of happiness（幸福的秘密）
一、核心句型精讲
（一）描述过去的经历与感受
句型1：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.（肯定句，描述过去发生的动作）
课文原句：The whole family forgot about their hungry and poor life.（全家人都忘记了他们饥饿贫穷的生活。）
结构解析：主语（the whole family）+ 动词过去式（forgot）+ 宾语（their hungry and poor life）
拓展：forget的过去式是forgot（不规则变化），类似不规则动词：feel → felt、make → made、say → said
仿写：I forgot my friend's birthday yesterday.（我昨天忘记了我朋友的生日。）
句型2：主语 + 系动词过去式（was/were）+ 形容词 + 其他.（描述过去的状态/感受）
课文原句：The family were happy together even though they were poor.（尽管家境贫穷，这家人在一起却很幸福。）
结构解析：主语（the family）+ 系动词过去式（were）+ 形容词（happy）+ 状语（together even though they were poor）
拓展：was用于主语是单数（I/he/she/it），were用于主语是复数（we/you/they/复数名词）
仿写：I was sad because I failed my test last week.（我上周很伤心，因为我考试不及格。）
句型3：主语 + 动词过去式 + sb. + greatly/deeply.（描述过去的动作对某人的影响）
课文原句：This touched me greatly.（这深深触动了我。）
结构解析：主语（this）+ 动词过去式（touched）+ 宾语（me）+ 副词（greatly，修饰动词，表程度）
拓展：greatly可替换为deeply（深深地），类似表达：This moved me deeply.（这深深打动了我。）
仿写：Her kindness touched me deeply.（她的善良深深触动了我。）
（二）表达观点与感悟
句型1：In some people's minds, ... comes from ....（在一些人看来，……来自……）
课文原句：In some people's minds, happiness comes from things like money.（在一些人看来，幸福来自金钱之类的东西。）
结构解析：状语（in some people's minds）+ 主语（happiness）+ 谓语（comes from）+ 宾语（things like money）
拓展：comes from是一般现在时，表“客观事实/普遍观点”；like此处是介词，表“比如”，后接名词
仿写：In my mind, happiness comes from the care of friends.（在我看来，幸福来自朋友的关心。）
句型2：... is the key to ....（……是……的关键。）
课文原句：Love, in fact, is the key to happiness.（事实上，爱是幸福的关键。）
结构解析：主语（love）+ 系动词（is）+ 表语（the key to happiness）；in fact是插入语，表“事实上”
拓展：to是介词，后接名词或动名词，如：Exercise is the key to keeping healthy.（运动是保持健康的关键。）
仿写：Kindness is the key to making friends.（善良是交朋友的关键。）
句型3：A life without ... is like ....（没有……的生活就像……。）（比喻句型，贴合课文修辞）
课文原句：A life without it is like a sunless garden—cold and empty.（没有它的生活就像一个没有阳光的花园——冰冷而空虚。）
结构解析：主语（a life）+ 定语（without it）+ 系动词（is）+ 表语（like a sunless garden）+ 补充说明（cold and empty）
拓展：without是介词，表“没有”，后接名词/代词；like此处是介词，表“像”
仿写：A life without friends is like a river without water.（没有朋友的生活就像没有水的河流。）
二、核心语法：一般过去时
1. 定义
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作或状态已经结束，与现在没有直接联系。
例：I played football yesterday.（我昨天踢了足球。——动作发生在昨天，已经结束）
2. 时间标志词（必须掌握，初一重点）
昨天相关：yesterday（昨天）、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening（昨天上午/下午/晚上）
过去时间点：last week（上周）、last month（上个月）、last year（去年）、last weekend（上周末）
“……之前”：... ago（如：three days ago 三天前、two hours ago 两小时前）
其他：just now（刚才）、the day before yesterday（前天）、in 2023（在2023年，过去的年份）
3. 动词过去式变化规则
（1）规则变化（占80%，初一重点）
一般情况下，直接加-ed：stay → stayed、join → joined、look → looked、play → played
以e结尾的动词，直接加-d：like → liked、live → lived、love → loved、dance → danced
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed：study → studied、carry → carried（注意：元音字母+y结尾，直接加-ed：play → played、stay → stayed）
以“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed：stop → stopped、plan → planned（初一暂不深入，了解即可）
（2）不规则变化（重点记忆以下10个，贴合课文/练习）
动词原形 过去式 中文释义 例句（过去时）
feel felt 感觉；觉得 I felt happy yesterday.
make made 制作；使 She made a cake for me.
say said 说；讲 He said he was busy.
go went 去；走 I went to school by bike.
forget forgot 忘记 I forgot his name.
eat ate 吃 We ate dinner at 6 o'clock.
drink drank 喝 She drank a glass of milk.
see saw 看见 I saw a bird in the tree.
take took 拿走；乘坐 He took my book by mistake.
be（am/is/are） was/were 是 They were in the park.
4. 句型结构
句型类型 结构 例句
肯定句（实义动词） 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 She played the piano last night.
肯定句（系动词） 主语 + was/were + 形容词/名词 + 其他 He was a student two years ago.
否定句（实义动词） 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I didn't watch TV yesterday.
否定句（系动词） 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 形容词/名词 + 其他 They weren't late for class.
一般疑问句（实义动词） Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答：No, 主语+didn't.） — Did you go to school — Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
一般疑问句（系动词） Was/Were + 主语 + 形容词/名词 + 其他？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.） — Were you happy — Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.
5. 易错点辨析
易错1：否定句中，实义动词用原形，不能用过去式。（正确：I didn't play football. 错误：I didn't played football.）
易错2：一般疑问句中，Did开头，实义动词用原形。（正确：Did you eat breakfast 错误：Did you ate breakfast ）
易错3：混淆was和were的用法。（正确：He was happy. They were happy. 错误：He were happy. They was happy.）
易错4：不规则动词过去式记错（如：go的过去式是went，不是go ed；make的过去式是made，不是make ed）
三、课文长难句解析
长难句1：I put down Charlie and the Chocolate Factory but I kept going over the exciting story in my mind.
译文：我放下《查理和巧克力工厂》，但脑海中一直反复回想这个令人兴奋的故事。
解析：① 这是一个并列句，由but连接，表转折关系（“放下书”和“反复回想故事”的转折）；② put down（放下），put的过去式是put（不规则变化，原形和过去式一致）；③ keep going over ... in my mind（反复回想……），keep后接动名词going；④ Charlie and the Chocolate Factory是书名，英文中书名斜体或加引号，此处用斜体。
难点突破：but连接的并列句，前后时态一致（均为一般过去时），put和kept都是过去式。
长难句2：To my surprise, the family were happy together even though they were poor and hungry.
译文：令我惊讶的是，尽管这家人贫穷又饥饿，他们在一起却很幸福。
解析：① To my surprise（令我惊讶的是），作状语，放在句首；② even though（尽管；虽然），引导让步状语从句，表“转折关系”，不能与but同时使用；③ 主句（the family were happy together）和从句（they were poor and hungry）均为一般过去时，时态一致；④ poor and hungry（贫穷又饥饿），并列形容词作表语。
难点突破：even though引导的让步状语从句，前后句子存在“转折”，翻译时要体现“尽管……却……”的语气。
长难句3：Love, in fact, is the key to happiness and it can move us, change us and give us a life full of joy.
译文：事实上，爱是幸福的关键，它能感动我们、改变我们，给我们充满欢乐的生活。
解析：① in fact（事实上），插入语，放在主语和系动词之间，起补充说明作用；② the key to happiness（幸福的关键），to是介词；③ 并列谓语：move us, change us and give us ...（感动我们、改变我们、给我们……），三个动词并列，形式一致；④ full of joy（充满欢乐的），作后置定语，修饰a life。
难点突破：并列谓语的用法，三个动词（move、change、give）均用原形，因为前面有情态动词can。
挖空练习
一、课文原句挖空
I put down Charlie and the Chocolate Factory but I kept going over the exciting story in my ______.（mind）
To my ______, the family were happy together even though they were poor and hungry.（surprise）
Love, in fact, is the ______ to happiness.（key）
A life without it is like a ______ garden—cold and empty.（sunless）
This ______ me greatly, and I learned the true meaning of happiness.（touched）
The whole family ______ about their hungry and poor life and lived happily.（forgot）
二、词汇拓展挖空
The ______ (magical) of the family’s love made everyone smile.（magic）
I was ______ (surprise) to see my old friend at the park yesterday.（surprised）
Her ______ (touch) story made all of us cry.（touching）
We need to find the ______ (key) to solving this difficult problem.（key）
It was a ______ (sunless) day, but we still had a good time.（sunless）
The ______ (excite) news made the children jump with joy.（exciting）
True ______ (happy) comes from the care of our family.（happiness）
三、语法挖空
I ______ (feel) sad yesterday because I failed my test.（felt）
She ______ (make) a beautiful card for her mother last Sunday.（made）
______ you ______ (go) to the park with your friends last weekend （Did; go）
They ______ (not eat) dinner at home last night. They ate in a restaurant.（didn’t eat）
He ______ (say) he would help me with my English yesterday.（said）
四、短语挖空
I kept ______ ______ the story in my mind after I finished reading the book.（going over）
______ ______ ______, my father bought me a new bike as a birthday gift.（To my surprise）
Kindness is the ______ ______ making friends.（key to）
He ______ ______ ______ all day because he had a bad cold.（stayed in bed）
Can I ______ ______ your discussion （join in）
答案
一、课文原句
1. mind 2. surprise 3. key 4. sunless 5. touched 6. forgot
二、词汇拓展
1. magic 2. surprised 3. touching 4. key 5. sunless 6. exciting 7. happiness
三、语法挖空
1. felt 2. made 3. Did; go 4. didn’t eat 5. said
四、短语挖空
1. going over 2. To my surprise 3. key to 4. stayed in bed 5. join in
配套练习
一、单项选择（每题考查1个知识点，覆盖词汇、短语、语法）
— What ______ you ______ last weekend
— I ______ chess with my brother.
A. did; do; play B. do; do; played C. did; do; played D. do; did; play
（考查：一般过去时的特殊疑问句和肯定句）
To my ______, the little girl can play the piano very well at the age of 5.
A. surprising B. surprise C. surprised D. surprises
（考查：to one's surprise的用法）
Love is the key ______ a happy life. We should care more about our family.
A. to B. of C. for D. with
（考查：the key to sth. 的用法）
The story ______ me greatly. I almost cried when I heard it.
A. touched B. touch C. touches D. touching
（考查：一般过去时的用法）
We ______ a great time at the party yesterday evening.
A. have B. had C. having D. has
（考查：一般过去时的用法）
— Did you watch TV last night
— No, I ______. I ______ my homework all night.
A. didn’t; do B. didn’t; did C. did; do D. did; did
（考查：一般过去时的否定句和肯定句）
The news is very ______. Everyone is ______ to hear it.
A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited
（考查：exciting和excited的辨析）
He ______ the English club last month. Now he often ______ in the club’s activities.
A. joined; joins in B. joined in; joins C. joins; joined D. joins in; joined in
（考查：join和join in的辨析）
I ______ my friend’s birthday yesterday. I feel sorry now.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgets D. will forget
（考查：一般过去时的用法）
— How ______ you ______ yesterday
— I felt very happy because I got a gift from my father.
A. do; feel B. did; feel C. did; felt D. do; felt
（考查：一般过去时的特殊疑问句）
二、句型转换
The family were poor. They felt happy.（合并为一句，用although）
Although the family were poor, ______ ______ ______.
“Love is the key to happiness,” Oscar Wilde said.（改为间接引语）
Oscar Wilde said ______ ______ ______ the key to happiness.
I kept going over the story in my mind.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ you keep going over in your mind
They ate watery cabbage soup for dinner.（改为否定句）
They ______ ______ watery cabbage soup for dinner.
She felt happy because her mother bought her a new bag.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ she feel happy
He joined the football team last year.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）
— ______ he ______ the football team last year
— Yes, ______ ______.
A life without love is like a sunless garden.（改为同义句）
A life ______ ______ love is like a sunless garden.
The story touched me deeply.（改为同义句）
The story ______ me deeply.

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