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Unit 6 When disaster strikes 写作专项学案
写作目标
结合本单元“自然灾害与生命力量”主题，写一篇讲述灾难经历、介绍防灾知识或歌颂灾后互助的短文，达成以下目标：
1.能正确使用本单元“灾害与救援”相关核心词汇（如disaster、earthquake、volcano、tsunami、hurricane、survivor、rescue、warning、ash、shock、courage、support等）及短语（break out、come out from、take cover、stay safe、look forward、lend a hand、in heavy showers、from side to side等）；
2.能熟练运用过去进行时描述灾难发生时的场景，掌握“While/When + 过去进行时”结构，正确使用“Despite...” “With the support of...”等衔接表达；
3.能按“灾难发生→过程/应对→灾后感悟”的逻辑完成写作，贴合“敬畏自然，勇毅前行”的单元主题。
题目解析
1.体裁：灾难故事类记叙文、防灾说明类短文或情感歌颂类记叙文，兼具真实性与感染力；
2.人称：第一人称（讲述个人经历、表达感悟）或第三人称（介绍防灾知识、描述他人故事）为主；
3.核心要求
内容：覆盖“1个核心灾害（或防灾主题）、2-3个关键细节（发生过程/防灾方法/互助场景）、1个生命感悟或行动倡议”3个要点；
字数：80–100词，描述生动真实、知识准确或情感真挚，语言符合八年级学生水平，体现对自然的敬畏与对生命的珍视。
思路点拨
1.开头：明确引入核心主题（如“2008年汶川地震中，牛钰的故事让我看到生命的力量” “火山爆发虽可怕，但掌握逃生技巧能降低伤害” “灾难无情人有情，灾后互助的温暖能驱散伤痛”），用简洁句式点明主题核心（如“她用勇气战胜伤痛，活出精彩” “正确的防灾方法能在关键时刻挽救生命” “陌生人的善意让灾后重建充满希望”），用引导性或情感化语言引出下文；
2.中间：若讲述灾难经历，按“灾难突发→紧急应对→灾后重生”展开，用过去进行时描述灾难发生时的场景（如“我正在写作业时，房屋突然摇晃”），结合“While/When”结构体现场景张力；若介绍防灾知识，聚焦“灾害预警→逃生技巧→自救方法”，列举具体防灾措施（如“收到地震预警时立即躲到桌子下”），确保知识准确实用；若歌颂灾后互助，围绕“灾难影响→互助场景→温暖传递”，描述灾后人们互帮互助的细节（如“志愿者送物资、邻里互相救助”），凸显人性光辉；
3.结尾：分享感悟（如“灾难虽残酷，但勇气与坚持能战胜一切” “掌握防灾知识是对生命的负责” “互助的力量能让我们在灾难后重新站起”）或发出倡议（如“我要向牛钰学习，勇敢面对困难” “让我们学习防灾知识，守护自己与他人” “传递善意，让世界因互助而更温暖”），呼应单元“When disaster strikes”的核心主题，传递“敬畏自然、珍视生命、勇毅前行”的积极态度。
写作模板（逐段拆解）
模板一：讲述灾难重生故事——“钢铁女孩”牛钰的故事（The Iron Girl—Niu Yu）
第一段：主题引入与灾难冲击
基础句式：Disasters can bring great pain, but they can also show the power of courage. Niu Yu’s story after the Wenchuan earthquake deeply touches my heart.
示例：When disaster strikes, it may break dreams, but not the will to live. Niu Yu, known as the “Iron Girl”, lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake at the age of 11. Her life changed completely overnight.
第二段：灾后挣扎与重生
基础句式：She used to love running and was on the school sports team. But the disaster made her live with an artificial leg, which was uncomfortable and often bled. People’s curious eyes made her hide her leg. With the support of her family and friends, she slowly came out from the shadows.
示例：The artificial leg was painful and often bled, and she felt embarrassed by people’s stares. For years, she hid her leg under clothes. But with the support of loved ones, she decided to face it bravely in 2018. She finished a half marathon and even carried the torch at the FISU World University Games.
第三段：感悟与启示
基础句式：Niu Yu’s story teaches us that courage can help us get through hard times. As she said, we should be heroines of our own lives, not victims.
示例：Niu Yu’s courage inspires me deeply. Disasters may bring pain, but they can’t defeat a strong heart. She showed us that with bravery and support, we can rise from the shadows. I will remember her spirit when facing difficulties.
模板二：介绍防灾知识——火山爆发逃生指南（Escape Guide for Volcanic Eruptions）
第一段：主题引入与灾害危害
基础句式：Volcanic eruptions are terrible natural disasters. They can cover the sky with ash and bring great danger. Knowing how to escape is very important.
示例：When a volcano erupts, dark clouds of ash and smoke spread quickly, turning day into night. It’s life-saving to master proper escape skills. Here’s a simple guide to stay safe.
第二段：防灾与逃生细节
基础句式：First, pay attention to disaster warnings. When you hear the alert, pack necessary things quickly—water, food and a mask. Second, stay away from the volcano and move to higher ground. Avoid low-lying areas to escape lava flows. Third, cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth to keep ash out.
示例：First, follow official warnings immediately. Don’t wait until the eruption gets worse. Second, wear a mask to block ash and smoke—breathing them is harmful. Third, move to a safe area quickly, staying away from rivers (lava may melt ice and cause floods). While moving, keep calm and don’t push others.
第三段：总结与倡议
基础句式：Disaster preparedness is the key to survival. Learning these skills can protect us and our families. Let’s pay attention to disaster knowledge and stay safe.
示例：Volcanic eruptions are powerful, but we can reduce risks with proper preparation. Learning escape skills is a responsibility to ourselves. Let’s share this guide with friends and family—preparation saves lives!
模板三：歌颂灾后互助——地震后的温暖（Warmth After the Earthquake）
第一段：主题引入与灾难场景
基础句式：I will never forget the day the earthquake struck. It was a terrible moment, but the warmth of people’s help made me feel hopeful.
示例：Last year, an earthquake hit my hometown suddenly. I was doing homework when the ground started shaking violently. Buildings shook, and people ran out in panic.
第二段：互助场景与细节
基础句式：While some people were crying and looking for their families, many volunteers arrived quickly. They brought water and food, and helped rescue people from collapsed buildings. My neighbor helped my grandma get out safely, and strangers shared blankets with us.
示例：My family and I ran out safely, but many houses were damaged. Just when we felt helpless, volunteers and soldiers came. They cleared the roads, carried the injured to hospitals, and gave us food and water. A kind lady shared her tent with us, and teenagers helped clean up the mess. Everyone lent a hand to each other.
第三段：感悟与传递
基础句式：Disaster is ruthless, but humans are kind. The mutual help after the earthquake taught me the power of unity. I will always remember this warmth and pass it on.
示例：The disaster brought sadness, but the mutual help warmed our hearts. I realized that when people stand together, no difficulty is insurmountable. Now, I often help others in need. I believe that kindness can spread and make the world a better place.
范文
Bravery in the Face of Disaster
I once heard a touching story about Tilly Smith, a girl who saved lives during a tsunami. Her story shows that courage and knowledge can fight disasters.
Tilly was on vacation in Thailand when she noticed strange changes in the sea—the water moved back suddenly. She remembered what she learnt at school: this was a sign of a tsunami. While other people were confused, Tilly stayed calm and warned her family and tourists to leave the beach quickly.
Thanks to her warning, over 100 people survived the tsunami. Tilly’s story teaches me two important things: learning disaster knowledge is useful, and staying calm and brave in danger can save lives. When disaster strikes, courage and knowledge are our best weapons!
范文中文翻译
灾难面前的勇气
我曾听过一个关于蒂莉·史密斯的感人故事，她是一个在海啸中拯救了许多人性命的女孩。她的故事表明，勇气和知识可以对抗灾难。
蒂莉在泰国度假时，注意到大海发生了奇怪的变化——海水突然退去。她想起了在学校学到的知识：这是海啸的征兆。当其他人还在困惑时，蒂莉保持冷静，警告家人和游客迅速离开海滩。
多亏了她的警告，超过100人在海啸中幸存下来。蒂莉的故事让我明白两件重要的事：学习防灾知识很有用，在危险中保持冷静和勇敢能拯救生命。当灾难来临时，勇气和知识是我们最好的武器！
素材积累
核心短语
break out 爆发
come out from the shadows 从阴影中走出
take cover 躲避
stay safe 保持安全
look forward 展望未来
lend a hand 伸出援手
in heavy showers 大量落下
from side to side 左右摇晃
volcanic eruption 火山爆发
natural disaster 自然灾害
artificial leg 假肢
disaster warning 灾害预警
collapsed building 倒塌的建筑
mutual help 互助
escape skills 逃生技巧
official warning 官方预警
lava flow 熔岩流
基础句型（含本单元重点）
基础句型 仿写句子
I was ________ (过去进行时) when the disaster struck. I was reading books when the earthquake happened.
While people were ________ (过去进行时), ________ (另一个动作). While people were evacuating, volunteers were providing supplies.
With the support of ________, sb. finally ________. With the support of the community, they finally rebuilt their homes.
To stay safe during ________, we should ________. To stay safe during a hurricane, we should stay indoors.
Despite ________, sb. never gave up. Despite the pain, she never gave up her dream.
好句集锦
1.Disasters test courage, and mutual help warms hearts—together, we can overcome any difficulty.
2.Knowledge is a lifesaver in disasters; learning防灾 skills is protecting ourselves.
3.The power of life lies not in avoiding disasters, but in rising after being hit.
4.When disaster strikes, kindness is the light that guides us out of darkness.
谚语
1.Adversity makes one stronger.（逆境使人坚强——适用于灾后重生主题）
2.Unity is strength.（团结就是力量——凸显灾后互助的重要性）
3.Preparedness ensures success; unpreparedness spells failure.（有备无患，无备有患——强调防灾准备的价值）
学生写作填空练习版
版本一：讲述灾难重生故事
Disasters can change lives, but not the will to keep going. ________ (人物姓名), a survivor of ________ (灾难名称), is a great example.
He/She was ________ (年龄) when the disaster struck. The disaster made him/her ________ (遭遇，如lose a family member/live with an injury). For a long time, he/she felt ________ (感受，如sad and hopeless). But with the support of ________ (支持的人/群体), he/she slowly ________ (转变，如came out from the shadows).
Now he/she ________ (现状，如lives a positive life/helps other survivors). His/Her story teaches me that ________ (感悟，如courage can defeat pain). I will face difficulties bravely like him/her.
版本二：介绍防灾知识
________ (灾害名称，如Tsunamis) are dangerous natural disasters. Knowing how to stay safe is very important.
First, we should ________ (措施1，如pay attention to disaster warnings) in time. Second, when the disaster comes, ________ (措施2，如move to higher ground quickly). Third, we need to ________ (措施3，如cover our nose and mouth with a wet cloth) to avoid harm.
Disaster preparedness is key to survival. Let’s ________ (行动，如learn more防灾 knowledge and share it with others). We can protect ourselves and our loved ones!
版本三：歌颂灾后互助
When ________ (灾害名称，如a heavy rainstorm) struck my city last year, I witnessed the power of mutual help.
I was ________ (过去进行时，如waiting for the bus) when the disaster started. The rain was heavy, and ________ (灾害影响，如many roads were flooded). But soon, volunteers arrived. They ________ (互助行为1，如helped push cars) and strangers ________ (互助行为2，如shared umbrellas). Everyone helped each other.
This experience made me realize that ________ (感悟，如kindness can get us through hard times). I will ________ (行动，如help others in need) and pass on the warmth.

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