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(共56张PPT)
Unit 5 Good manners
单词用法详解
新目标英语八年级下册
manners
/ m n z/ n. [pl.] 礼仪，礼貌
核心考点：常以复数形式出现，无单数形式。
短语搭配：
good manners (有礼貌) / bad manners (没礼貌)
table manners (餐桌礼仪)
经典例句：
It's good manners to greet teachers when you meet them.
拓展词汇：
manner (方式), polite (有礼貌的), impolite (无礼的)
litter
/ l t (r)/ | n. & vt.
核心考点
作名词时为不可数名词；作动词时为及物动词。
短语搭配
drop litter (乱扔垃圾) collect litter (收集垃圾)
经典例句
Don't drop litter everywhere in the park.
拓展词汇
rubbish (垃圾), garbage (垃圾)
tap
/t p/ n. 水龙头
核心考点
可数名词，复数形式为 taps
短语搭配
turn on the tap (打开水龙头)
turn off the tap (关闭水龙头)
经典例句
Remember to turn off the tap when you finish washing.
拓展词汇
faucet (水龙头，美式)
wait in line
中文释义
排队等候
核心考点
反义词组：jump the line (插队)
短语搭配
wait in line for sth (排队等候某物)
wait in line to do sth (排队做某事)
经典例句
We need to wait in line for the bus at the bus stop.
拓展词汇
queue up (排队，英式), jump the line (插队)
patiently
/ pe ntli/adv. (副词) 耐心地
常用搭配
wait patiently (耐心等待)
listen patiently (耐心倾听)
经典例句
Please wait patiently; the doctor will see you soon.
词汇拓展
patient (耐心的) / impatient (不耐烦的)
congratulation
拓展：congratulate (v. 祝贺)
/k n ɡr t u le n/ n. 祝贺
核心考点
常以复数形式 congratulations 出现。
短语搭配
congratulations to sb (向某人祝贺)
congratulations on sth (因某事祝贺)
经典例句
Congratulations to you on winning the English competition!
hallway
/ h lwe / n. 走廊，过道
核心考点
可数名词，复数形式为 hallways。
短语搭配
in the hallway (在走廊里)
walk through the hallway (穿过走廊)
经典例句
Don't run in the hallway; it's dangerous.
拓展词汇
corridor (走廊，较正式), passage (过道)
on time
中文释义：准时 (按照规定时间，不早不晚)
核心考点：注意与 in time (及时) 的区别
短语搭配：arrive on time (准时到达) / be on time (准时)
经典例句：We must arrive on time for the meeting.
拓展词汇：in time (及时), punctual (准时的)
feel at home
中考高频交际短语
中文释义
舒服自在，不拘束
短语搭配
feel at home in sp (在某地感到舒服自在)
make sb feel at home (让某人感到舒服自在)
经典例句
The friendly classmates made me feel at home on my first day at school.
拓展词汇
comfortable (舒服的), relaxed (放松的)
normally
/ n m li/ adv. (通常，平常)
短语搭配
normally do sth (通常做某事)
normally speaking (通常来说)
经典例句
I normally get up at 6:30 in the morning.
拓展词汇
normal (正常的), usually (通常)
address
核心词汇图解
/ dres/vt. & n.
常用搭配
address sb as (称呼某人为……)
write down one's address (写下某人的地址)
经典例句
We should address the old man as "Grandpa".
拓展词汇
addresser (发信人), addressee (收信人)
politeness
/p la tn s/ n. 礼貌，有礼
短语搭配
show politeness to sb (对某人表现出礼貌)
with politeness (有礼貌地)
经典例句
We should show politeness to everyone around us.
拓展词汇
polite (有礼貌的), politely (有礼貌地)
realize
/ ri la z/ vt.
短语搭配：
realize sth (意识到某事)
realize one's dream (实现某人的梦想)
经典例句：
He finally realized his mistake.
拓展词汇：
realization (n. 意识到), achieve (v. 实现)
behave
/b he v/ vi. 表现，举止
常用搭配
behave well / badly (表现好 / 差)
behave oneself (举止得体，守规矩)
经典例句
The children behave well in the library.
词汇拓展
behavior (n. 行为), well-behaved (adj. 表现好的)
differently
/ d fr ntli/
adv. (副词) - 不同地
We should respect others who think differently.
我们应该尊重那些想法不同的人。
拓展词汇：
different (adj. 不同的) | difference (n. 差异)
praise
/pre z/n. & vt. 称赞，赞美
常用搭配
praise sb for sth (因某事称赞某人)
get praise from sb (得到某人的称赞)
经典例句
The teacher praised her for her good grades.
拓展词汇
praiseworthy (值得称赞的), compliment (称赞)
pleased
/pli zd/ adj. 高兴的，愉快的
核心考点：与 pleasant (令人愉快的) 的区别
短语搭配：
be pleased to do sth (高兴做某事)
be pleased with sb/sth (对某人/某事满意)
经典例句：I am pleased to help you with your English.
拓展词汇：please (使高兴), pleasure (愉快), pleasant (令人愉快的)
reply
reply /r pla /
词性：vt. & vi. & n.释义：回答，答复
核心考点：作不及物动词时需与 to 搭配 (reply to sb/sth)
短语搭配：reply to sb/sth; reply that 从句
经典例句：Please reply to my email as soon as possible.
拓展词汇：answer (回答，及物动词)
modest
/ m d st/ adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的
短语搭配
be modest (谦虚的)
be modest about sth (对某事谦虚)
经典例句
He is very modest even though he is very successful.
拓展词汇
modestly (谦虚地), modesty (谦虚), proud (骄傲的)
openly
/ p nli/ adv. 公开地；毫不隐瞒地
常用搭配：
speak openly (公开地说)
admit openly (毫不隐瞒地承认)
经典例句：
Friends should communicate openly with each other.
词汇拓展：
open (adj. 开放的), opening (n. 开口)
host
/h st/ n. 主人；v. 主持
短语搭配
the host of the party (派对的主人)
a host of... (大量的……)
经典例句
The host of the party welcomed all the guests warmly.
拓展词汇
hostess (女主人)
host (主持节目/活动)
hospitable
友好与热情的象征
/h sp t bl/ adj. 好客的，热情友好的
短语搭配：
be hospitable to sb (对某人热情好客)
a hospitable family (好客的家庭)
经典例句：
The local people are very hospitable to the tourists.
词汇拓展：
hospitality (n. 好客), hospitably (adv. 热情地)
plate
/ple t/ n. 盘子，碟子
核心考点：可数名词，复数形式为 plates
短语搭配：
on the plate (在盘子里)
wash the plates (洗盘子)
经典例句：
There is a piece of cake on the plate.
拓展词汇：
plateful (一盘的量), dish (盘子)
refuse
/r fju z/ vi. & vt. 拒绝
核心考点：refuse to do sth (拒绝做某事)，不接动名词
短语搭配：refuse to do sth; refuse sth
经典例句：He refused to help me with my homework.
拓展词汇：refusal (n. 拒绝); turn down (拒绝)
used to sth / doing sth
中文释义
习惯于某事(物)，适应某事(物)
核心考点 & 搭配
to 是介词，后接名词/动名词 (doing)
辨析：used to do(过去常常做某事，现在已不做)
经典例句
She is used to getting up early in the morning.
拓展词汇
get used to (逐渐适应) | be used to (已经习惯)
fully
/ f li/ adv. 完全地，充分地
常用搭配
fully understand (完全理解)
fully use (充分利用)
经典例句
I fully understand the importance of hard work now.
词汇拓展
full (满的), completely (完全地)
all at once
中文释义
一起；同时；突然
常用搭配
do sth all at once (一起做某事)
all at once (突然)
经典例句
All at once, it began to rain heavily.
拓展词汇
at once (立刻), together (一起), suddenly (突然)
jump the line
中文释义
插队 (不礼貌的行为)
经典例句
It's bad manners to jump the line when waiting for the bus.
拓展词汇
wait in line (排队等候)
loudly
/ la dli/ adv. 大声地，吵闹地
经典例句
It's rude to speak loudly in a quiet place.
词汇拓展
loud (adj.) - 大声的
aloud (adv.) - 出声地 (强调发出声音)
push
/p / | vi. & vt.
常用搭配
push sb (推某人)
push in (插队)
push sth open (推开某物)
经典例句
Don't push others when getting on the bus.
词汇拓展
push (推，名词)
past
/pɑ st/ prep.
核心考点：与 pass 辨析
past 是介词，不能单独作谓语；pass 是动词，可作谓语。
短语与例句
搭配：walk past (走过), go past (经过)
例句：I walk past the park every morning on my way to school.
中考链接 (2023·江苏盐城)
When I ______ the bank, I saw a policeman... (答案：B)
A. past B. passed C. walk past D. go past
拓展词汇
pass (v. 经过), past (adj. 过去的)
past
/pɑ st/ prep.
核心考点：辨析 pass (v.) 与 past (prep.)。past 不能单独作谓语，需与动词连用。
短语搭配：walk past (走过)；go past (经过)
经典例句：I walk past the park every morning on my way to school.
拓展词汇：pass (经过，通过)
in one's way
中文释义：挡道
短语搭配：
be in one's way (挡某人的道)
stand in one's way (阻碍某人)
经典例句：
Your bike is in my way; please move it.
拓展词汇：
on one's way to... (在某人去……的路上)
discussion
/d sk n/
词性与核心考点 (n.)
重点考查固定搭配“have a discussion about sth”及与动词discuss的词性转换。
短语搭配
have a discussion about sth (讨论某事)
经典例句
We had a heated discussion about the school trip yesterday.
拓展词汇
discuss (v. 讨论) — 动词形式，后直接加宾语。
promise
/ pr m s/
vt. & vi. & n. 承诺
核心考点
动词搭配：promise to do sth (承诺做某事)
名词搭配：make a promise / keep a promise
经典例句
He promised to help me with my English.
拓展词汇
promise (承诺，名词) | promising (有希望的，形容词)
keep one's word
中文释义
信守诺言
短语搭配
keep one's word (信守诺言) / to sb (对某人)
经典例句
A man of honor should keep his word.
拓展词汇
break one's word (违背诺言)
pear
/pe (r)/n. 梨
核心考点
可数名词，复数形式为 pears。
拓展词汇
pear tree (梨树)
pear juice (梨汁)
even though
中文释义：尽管；即使
核心考点：引导让步状语从句，语气较though/although稍强；不可与but连用。
短语搭配：even though + 从句 (尽管……)
经典例句：
Even though he is tired, he still helps his mother with housework.
belong
/b l / vi. (不及物动词)
核心考点
重点考查固定搭配“belong to”；无被动语态、无进行时态。
短语搭配
belong to sb (属于某人)
经典例句
This book belongs to my deskmate.
（这本书属于我的同桌。）
belong to
中文释义
属于 (表示归属关系)
常用搭配
belong to sb/sth (属于某人/某物)
经典例句
The land belongs to the country.
词汇拓展
ownership (所有权) - 名词形式
respectfully
/r spektf li/ adv. (副词)
短语搭配：
speak respectfully to sb (尊敬地对某人说)
经典例句：
We should speak respectfully to the elderly.
拓展词汇：
respect (v. 尊敬), respectful (adj. 尊敬的)
move
/mu v/ vt.使感动
短语搭配
move sb (使某人感动)
move sb to tears (使某人感动得流泪)
经典例句
The true story moved all the people in the room.
拓展词汇
moved (感动的) / moving (令人感动的)
earphone
/ f n/ n. (可数名词)
核心考点
复数形式为 earphones，通常以复数形式出现。
短语搭配
a pair of earphones (一副耳机)
wear earphones (戴耳机)
经典例句
He bought a new pair of earphones yesterday.
(他昨天买了一副新耳机。)
circle
/ s kl/ n. 圆圈
核心考点：可数名词，复数形式为 circles
短语搭配：
draw a circle (画一个圆圈)
in a circle (围成一个圆圈)
经典例句：
The children sat in a circle and played games.
tip
n. 小费
音标与考点
/t p/ | 可数名词 (复数: tips)
常用搭配
give sb a tip (给小费) | leave a tip (留小费)
经典例句
People usually give waiters a tip in western restaurants.
拓展：tip (v.) 给小费
peaceful
平静与安宁的象征
/ pi sfl/ adj. 平静的，安静的
核心考点：由名词 peace (和平) + 后缀 ful 构成形容词。
短语搭配：
a peaceful place (安静的地方) | a peaceful mind (平静的心情)
经典例句：
The countryside is a peaceful place to live in.
拓展词汇：peace (n. 和平), peacefully (adv. 安静地)
impolite
/ mp la t/ adj. (失礼的，粗鲁的)
核心考点：否定前缀 im- + polite (礼貌的) → 失礼的
短语搭配：be impolite to sb (对某人失礼)
经典例句：It's impolite to laugh at others' mistakes.
拓展词汇：polite (有礼貌的), impolitely (失礼地)
hug
/h ɡ/ | n., vt. & vi. (拥抱)
核心考点：① 名词复数 hugs；② 动词核心搭配 hug sb。
短语搭配：
give sb a hug (给某人一个拥抱)
hug sb tightly (紧紧拥抱某人)
经典例句：My mother gave me a hug when I got home.
拓展词汇：embrace (拥抱，较正式)
kiss
/k s/ | n., vt. & vi.
核心考点
名词复数：kisses
动词搭配：kiss sb on the cheek/forehead
短语搭配
kiss sb on the cheek (亲吻脸颊)
give sb a kiss (给某人一个吻)
经典例句
The mother gave her baby a kiss before bedtime.
quietly
/ kwa tli/adv. (副词)
经典例句：
He sat quietly by the window and read a book.
词汇拓展：
形容词：quiet (安静的)
反义词：loudly (吵闹地)
rush
/r /vt. & vi. 急促，冲
短语搭配
● rush to do sth(仓促做某事)
● rush out(冲出去)
经典例句
She rushed to school because she got up late.
（她因为起床晚了，所以匆忙赶到学校。）
unless
/ n les/ | conj.
核心考点
引导条件状语从句，含义相当于“if not”（如果不）。
短语搭配
unless + 从句 (除非……)
经典例句
You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.
（除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。）
tasty
/ te sti/adj. 美味的，可口的
短语搭配
tasty food (美味的食物) a tasty dish (一道可口的菜肴)
经典例句
My grandmother cooks tasty food for us every day.
拓展词汇
taste (品尝), delicious (美味的)
Key Points Summary
名词单复数 (Nouns)
关注复数形式名词：manners, congratulations
易混短语辨析 (Phrases)
准时on timevs. 及时in time
过去常常used to dovs. 习惯于be used to (doing)
回复reply (to)vs. 回答answer
动词搭配 (Verbs)
refuse to do sth(拒绝做某事)
praise sb for sth(因某事称赞某人)
核心形容词/副词 (Adjectives/Adverbs)
礼貌/耐心：polite/impolite, patient/impatient
高兴/不同：pleased/pleasant, different/differently
Thank You
Keep practicing and you will make progress!

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