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新外研版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules 知识清单
一、核心词汇 (Key Words)
rule (规则) law (法律) sign (指示牌，标志)
warning (警告) safety (安全) duty (责任)
right (权利) community (社区) society (社会)
consequence (后果) must / have to (必须) should / ought to (应该)
can / may (可以) Mustn’t / can’t (禁止) obey / follow (the rules) (遵守规则)
break (the rules/law) (违反规则/法律) allow (sb to do sth) (允许) forbid (sb to do sth / doing sth) (禁止)
wait for (your turn) (排队等候) queue (排队) library (图书馆)
museum (博物馆) cinema (电影院) park (公园)
zoo (动物园) street (街道) road (道路)
crossing (十字路口) public place (公共场所)
二、重点短语及句型 (Key Phrases & Sentence Patterns)
1. 表达规则与义务
You must (do)... (你必须...)
You must be quiet in the library.
You mustn’t (do)... (你禁止/不准...)
You mustn’t smoke here.
You should (do)... (你应该...)
You shouldn’t (do)... (你不应该...)
You have to (do)... (你不得不/必须...)
You have to wear a seat belt in the car.
You don’t have to (do)... (你不必...) 【表示没必要，非禁止】
You don’t have to come if you’re busy.
2. 询问与解释规则
What are the rules (规则是什么？)
Can I / we (do)... here (我可以/我们能在这里...吗？)
Are we allowed to (do)... (我们被允许...吗？)
Is it OK to (do)... (做...可以吗？)
The rule says (that)... / According to the rules, ... (规则规定...)
3. 谈论规则的必要性与后果
It’s necessary (to do)... (做...是必要的。)
It’s important (to do)... (做...是重要的。)
If you break the rules, ... (如果你违反规则，...)
If you break the rules, you will be punished.
There will be a punishment/fine. (将会有惩罚/罚款。)
4. 表达观点与建议
I think (that)... (我认为...)
In my opinion, ... (在我看来...)
We’d better (do)... (我们最好...)
Why don’t we/you (do)... (我们/你为什么不...？)
三、语法知识 (Grammar Focus)
1. 情态动词：must, have to, should, can (Modal Verbs)
本单元系统学习并区分这几个核心情态动词，后接动词原形。
must：
表示主观的义务、命令或必要（说话者认为）。
I must study hard to pass the exam. (我认为有必要)
表示肯定的推测（一定）。
He isn’t here. He must be at home.
have to：
表示客观的需要、要求（外部规则或情况使然）。
I have to wear a uniform at school. (学校规定)
否定形式 don’t/doesn’t have to 表示“不必”。
should：
表示建议、劝告或轻微的义务（应该）。
You should say sorry to her.
can：
表示能力或许可（可以）。
You can go out now. (许可)
否定形式 can’t 表示“不能”或“禁止”。
You can’t park your car here. (禁止)
2. 条件状语从句（一）：If 引导的真实条件句
功能：表示在某种条件下，很可能发生的结果。
结构：If + 一般现在时句子，主句用一般将来时 (will) 或情态动词。
If you see a red light, you must stop. (如果你看到红灯，你必须停下。)
If we break the rules, we will get into trouble. (如果我们违反规则，我们会有麻烦。)
注意：主句和从句的位置可以互换。从句在前时，用逗号隔开。
You will be safe if you follow the rules.
If you follow the rules, you will be safe.
3. 动名词作宾语（巩固与拓展）
某些动词或介词后习惯接动名词 (V-ing) 作宾语。
finish, enjoy, practise, mind, suggest + doing
I enjoy playing basketball.
be good at, be interested in, thank you for + doing
He is good at following instructions.
What/How about... + doing
四、交际用语 (Communicative Expressions)
1. 在特定场所
在图书馆：Keep quiet, please. / No food or drink, please.
在马路：Look left and right before crossing. / Use the zebra crossing.
在电影院：Turn off your mobile phone. / Don‘t talk during the film.
2. 请求许可与回应
May I have a look (我可以看一下吗？)
Could I use your pen (我可以用一下你的笔吗？)
Sure. / Of course. / Go ahead. (当然可以。)
I‘m afraid not. / Sorry, you can’t. (恐怕不行。/ 抱歉，你不能。)
3. 提醒与警告
Be careful! (小心！)
Watch out! / Look out! (当心！)
No smoking/parking/swimming. (禁止吸烟/停车/游泳。)
Danger! (危险！)
五、易错点提示
1. must 与 have to 在否定句中的区别：
mustn’t：表示“禁止，不准”。
You mustn’t play with fire. (不准玩火。)
don’t have to：表示“没必要，不必”。
You don’t have to tell him now. (你不必现在告诉他。)
2. if 引导的条件句中，用一般现在时表示将来：
正确：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
错误：If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
3. “have to” 有人称和时态变化，“must” 没有：
He has to go now. (第三人称单数)
I had to finish it yesterday. (过去时)
I/You/He must go. (所有人称都用 must)
4. 情态动词后接动词原形：
正确：You should be polite.
错误：You should are polite.

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