资源简介

(共16张PPT)
高考考试专题---读写作文
Which part do you think is the most difficult one
How to write a summary:
A summary is a short ___________ giving _____ _______ ________ of something longer or detailed.
一、概括的标准：抛弃_________，瞄准写作目的。
二、概括的写作步骤：
1. 确定________。
2. 寻找________词。
3. 重构主题句。
4. 重组支撑句。
口诀：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子）
account
the
main
points
次要
主题句
关键
What is a summary
How to write a summary:
Task 1: Rewrite the sentences by using your own words.
1) Use words of similar meanings 同义替换法
I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.
I didn’t catch any fish_________ I was not patient.
2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence 正话反说法
You will fail. = You will ____________.
3)Change the part of speech 词性转换法
Patience is very important. = Patience is of _____________________ .
4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式变化法
语态变换： Parents should give children more praise. →Children should ________ more praise.
because
not succeed
great importance
be given
How to write a summary:
Task 1: Rewrite the sentences by using your own words.
简单句变复合句：
Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.
Children should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn faster.
5) Use the shortest possible transitions 连词衔接法
注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。
We should encourage children. We should not scold them.
We should encourage children__________ scolding them.
which
instead of
How to write a summary:
Task 2: Find out how to summarize a group of sentences：
Some tips: 1) 删除细节和具体例子。
2) 避免重复。
3)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.”
可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.”
：“She brought home what she intended to read during the vacation.”
4) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”
可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”
可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” .
Task 2: Find out how to summarize a group of sentences：
练习篇---- 学以致用
(Please follow the example to choose the proper skill from the above ones.)
1. Then, you can think of a way to make both sides happy. Here are some tips
1) Make time to talk. You could talk about your school life and your plans for the future.
2).Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.
3). Show your parents you are growing up. Wash your own clothes and help around the house.
Summary:___________________________________
____________________________
There are some tips for children to follow
so that they can get on well with their parents.
2. Sometimes, kids don’t think their parents are fair to them. When you want to dress in a modern way, your mum doesn’t like you to wear a mini-skirt. When you are making phone calls to friends, they ask whether you’re speaking to a boy or a girl.
Summary: ________________________________
3. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, “You use too much salt on your food, Paul. It’s not at all good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned, “Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful…like eating wood or sand…just imagine bread without salt in it!”
Summary:_________________________________
It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents.
While Kate suggested that Paul should
eat less salt, Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
How to write a summary:
Task3: Find out how to summarize the whole passage：①要素串联法（记叙文）
How we got around
After reading the passage, try to find out the key words:
What: modes of transport changed
When: at the end of the 19th century---nowadays
Why: slow/ uncomfortable/ expensive
How: horse---drawing stagecoach---car---train---bicycle---trolleybus---sea of cars
连句成篇
The transport modes have changed since the end of the 19th century. The horse---drawing stagecoach was slow, uncomfortable and expensive. Henry Fort invented cars. Then trains, bicycles and trolleybuses came into being one by one. In the modern society, we are living in a sea of modern cars.
Polish up this passage:
The transport modes have changed since the end of the 19th century. People invented cars, trains, bicycles and trolleybuses instead of slow, uncomfortable and expensive horse-drawing stagecoach. And now modern cars
are seen everywhere.
Summary: How to summarize a narrating story:
1. Get to know who, where, when, why, how or what in the story (clue).
2. Get to know the hidden meaning of the story.
Practice:
1. The framework
Para 1. the writer gave all his money to a stranger
with tears in his eyes who said his money was stolen
Para 2. the writer felt confused for what his
classmates commented on.
2. Summary
The writer said that he once gave all his money to a stranger who said his money was stolen. His classmates held different opinions for what he had done, so he felt puzzled.(33 words)
IV. 积累模板 Some Summary Models for You
A. 记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：
The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.
The author tells us a story about a _______
According to the passage, the hero in the story ___________
How to write a summary:
Task3: Find out how to summarize the whole passage：②主题概括法（议论文）
How to summarize:
1. Framework
The topic sentence
The supporting sentence1 (argument 1)
The supporting sentence2 (argument 2)
2. Form the summary in your own words: Paraphrase the frame work;
Using some phrases;
Using simple\paratactic\complex sentences
Practice:
1. The framework: the benefit of extracurricular activities
Para1: develop the physical, creative, social, political, and career interests
Para2: helps you in other ways
Para3: pick up less bad habits
Summary: The author (The passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people. (30 words)
How to write a summary:
Task3: Find out how to summarize the whole passage：
③段意合并法(说明文、应用文)）
Summary: Advertising can be useful when it provides customers with reliable information，while some advertisements are not the case as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy what they don’t need.(31 words)
IV. 积累模板 Some Summary Models for You
B.议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：
The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.
The essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that…
The essay/passage/author discusses/compares/outlines that
C. 通用模板：
According to the passage, we know…
The article is mainly about …
The writer states that …
As can be learn this passage, …
In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of

展开更多......

收起↑