资源简介

(共37张PPT)
Task-based writing
—— How to write a summary
1. having difficulty in writing the summary of the given passage.
Problems with writing
2. not brief enough in telling an experience
Problems with writing
3. repetitive use of simple sentence patterns.
Problems with writing
4. poor hand-writing
Problems with writing
5.
off
the
point
Problems with writing
6. Other problems: poor vocabulary, Chinglish, …
Problems with writing
How to wirte a summary
too many simple sentences 句式单调
lack transitional words or statements缺乏过渡词句
3. use too many specific details instead of general words 过多细节而非概括性语言
4. use too many original sentences from the passage 过多引用原文
5. key points are not complete 概括要点不全
Problems with summary
(1) Use words of similar meanings 同义替换法
I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.
I didn’t catch any fish_________ I was not patient.
because
1. Rewrite the sentences according to the skills.
Focus 1: sentence
not succeed
(3)Change the part of speech 词性转换法
Patience is very important.
Patience is _____________________.
of vital importance
(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence 正话反说法
You will fail. You will__________.
(4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式变化法
语态变换：
Parents should give children more praise.
Children should__________more praise.
be given
简单句变复合句：
Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.
Children should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn faster.
Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success.
When _________________, children will achieve more success.
which
given more praise
(5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法
注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。
We should encourage children. We should not scold them.
We should encourage children__________ scolding them.
instead of
(6) Change the order of the words.
词序改变法
The secret of success was patience.
________ was ___________________________.
Patience
the secret of success
(7) Omit the details细节省略法
Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead.
———————————————
Don’t scold and give praise instead.
(8) Make use of the meaning of a sentence
句意理解(转述)法
Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular.
_________________________________
__________.
More and more people prefer Internet shopping.
2. How to improve the sentences by using different sentence structures
Focus 1: sentence
1. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）
2. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型)
3. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.
I couldn’t have passed the physics exam but for your help.
I wouldn't’t have passed the physics exam without your help.
4. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.
5. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.
6. He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was
sent abroad.
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.
Singing and laughing, they went back to school.
No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.
Thinking: How to improve the following sentences
何人 (who), 何事 (what) , 结果如何 (how)
何时 (when), 何地 (where)
5 Key elements:
夹叙夹议型: 加上作者的看法或感想, 故事的寓意等 ( the writer’s purpose and the moral of the story)
一般以第三人称来概括
如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时
Attention:
Focus 2: summary
The Steps of Writing a Summary
仔细阅读文章,确定主题句.(一般在段首或段末)
2.寻找关键词,抓住who, what happened, 及the writer’s purpose.
3.根据原文的词句,一般指关键词或段落的主题句进行改写;用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等).
4. 用连词连接各部分，使它连贯.
the points you should pay attention to
1.不需要把所有要点都涵盖。
2.在这些内容中比重最大的是what，不要把what写得太详细，注意浓缩。
3.找出叙事中夹带的议论，挖掘出文章的主题。
4.用自己的话把主题和主要情节组织成摘要。
Example:
Read the first passage and find the following information
1. Characters(who):
2. Key sentences(what happened):
3. Topic (the writer’s purpose)
It was 7:30 in the morning. As usual I was on the subway to school．It was so crowded with people that it felt like the air conditioner wasn't working. I was standing there looking around.
Then, I saw an old lady get on the train with a 9-year-old child who seemed to be her grandson. A warm-hearted gentleman generously offered his seat to the old lady. Instead of sitting down herself, however, the old lady called her grandson over and told him to sit.
Sooner or later, children mature and step into the complicated world. Love is necessary in the early development of children, yet, to the disappointment of many, too much love definitely prevents children from learning the rules of the real world. Teaching the child about the rules of society within the family helps the child to achieve success later. By giving up seats to their children, grandparents may destroy kids’ best chance for character development. (苏锡常镇高三一模)
an old lady, her grandson, a gentleman
A warm-hearted gentleman generously offered his seat to the old lady.
The old lady called her grandson over and told him to sit.
1. Characters(who):
2. Key sentences(what happened):
A warm-hearted gentleman generously offered his seat to the old lady.
The old lady called her grandson over and told him to sit.
细节省略法
Give up her seat to her grandchild.(句意转述法)
简单句转复合句
an old lady gives up the seat offered by a gentleman to her grandchild.
The writer tells us…（主题）by showing us an example of…, who/which…（故事情节）.
3. Topic (the writer’s purpose)
The importance of character development
Sooner or later, children mature and step into the complicated world. Love is necessary in the early development of children, yet, to the disappointment of many, too much love definitely prevents children from learning the rules of the real world. Teaching the child about the rules of society within the family helps the child to achieve success later. By giving up seats to their children, grandparents may destroy kids’ best chance for character development.
Reference sample :
The author tells us the importance of character development of children by giving an example of an old lady who gives up the seat offered by a gentleman to her grandchild.
(32 words)
Tips:
根据文章主题定好关键词或句
Practice 1:
One day, a mother horse told her son, “My child, will you happily go and carry this bag of wheat to the mill (磨坊) to grind it into flour ” The little horse happily agreed without hesitation, and ran out of the house with a bag of wheat on his back.
After quite a long journey, the little horse came to a river, which blocked his path to the mill. He suddenly got confused. Looking around, he saw a cow. So he asked the cow, “Auntie Cow, can you tell me whether I can cross the river ” The cow answered, “Definitely you can. The water is very shallow.” When the little horse was about to cross the river, a squirrel shouted to him, “Little horse, don’t cross the river. You will drown.” The little horse didn’t know what to do, so he decided to go back to ask his mother.
After he told his mother everything that happened on his way, his mother said, “My child, it’s not enough to only listen to others; you have to give it a try by yourself, and then you’ll know the answer.”
With those words, he walked carefully across the river. The water was neither shallow nor deep. It was just fine for him. Finally the little horse crossed the river and completed his task.
Practice makes perfect!
3要素
A little horse
crossed the river and completed the task
trying on his own instead of taking the advice from the cow and the squirrel
Who What How ....
Exchange your answer with your partners
Who
What
How
(30字概括：the example of a little horse
succeed by trying sth on one’s own/by oneself)
Reference sample 1:
A little horse finally crossed the river and completed the task by trying on his own instead of taking the advice from the cow and the squirrel.
Reference sample 2:
Though at first confused by the advice from the cow and the squirrel, a little horse managed to cross the river eventually through practice.
Reference sample 3:
The passage conveys the message that practice is of vital importance by taking a little horse as an example, who managed to cross the river by trying on his own instead of following others’ advice blindly.
Practice 2:
There once was a little boy who had a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.
The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down. He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence.
Finally the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper at all. He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.
The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave scars just like these. And no matter how many times you say you're sorry, the wounds will still be there.”
写作内容：1.以“Anger management”为题，用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.谈谈你的想法(120词)，内容包括：(1)分析愤怒情绪可能产生的后果(至少两点)；(2)就如何控制愤怒情绪提出建议(至少两点)。
Practice makes perfect!
3要素
a little boy
learned to control his anger and also anger could do harm to others
following his father’s advice---hammering nails into the fence
Who What How ....
Exchange your answer with your partners
Who
What
How
Reference sample 1:
A bad-tempered boy finally learned to properly manage his anger following his father’s advice---hammering nails into the fence. And he was also made to understand that venting anger can do irreversible harm to others. (35 words)
Reference sample 2:
A father got his son to hammer a nail whenever he lost his temper. Eventually, the boy learned to control his anger and understood that anger could do harm to others. (31 words)
Practice makes perfect!
Practice 3:
I don’t have many unhappy memories but one sad story took place on my last birthday. Before the birthday, I worked out a plan with my parents. We planned to have dinner together in McDonald’s, my favourite restaurant. Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a concert given by a group of famous young singers. And the most exciting thing, of course, was the birthday presents. They promised to give me a new MP3 player. However, something unexpected happened on that day. I went home as early as I could. I waited and waited but my parents didn’t come back.
I felt angry at first and then upset. How could they treat me this way They always forgot me just because they were busy with their work. Yes, they were always busy. They broke their promise and got home late. After that, my grandmother had a talk with me to help me understand my parents’ situation and that made me feel much better.
5要素
Who
What
How
When where
The author/writer, he
felt angry and upset because his parents forgot to celebrate his birthday with him
understood his parents after
talking with his grandmother
on his last birthday
The author described what happened on his last birthday. He felt disappointed because his parents couldn’t have the celebration with him. But he came to understand them after talking to his grandmother.
A possible version:
Tips:
概括不用第一人称
Thank you

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