资源简介

(共191张PPT)
　高考英语二轮复习-阅读理解题型归纳
一、细节理解题
细节理解题相对比较简单,但在高考四选一阅读中占了超过一半的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知,直接信息题、综合信息题和数字计算题为高频考点。
热考题型1　直接信息题
[典例](2025全国二卷,A)
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes.Each has a personality① shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford,Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting ② the town square,you’ll find lovely shops,eateries,and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It’s also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed③ there. 关键信息句1
Ludlow,Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England.Butcher shops, greengrocers,bakeries,and cheese shops line④ the town square.Bordering⑤ the square,the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September. 　　
Shrewsbury,Shropshire　　　　
关键信息句2
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant⑥ turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets,window boxes,and planters⑦—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey,Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.　　 关键信息句3
1.Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
题干关键词
A.In the Ludlow Castle.　　　
B.In the Foodie Center of England.
C.In the Hereford Cathedral.
D.In the Black and White House Museum.
√
2.What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center
题干关键词
A.It’s situated near a big island.　
B.It’s almost surrounded by water.
C.It’s known for its flower festival.
D.It’s easily accessible from London.
√
3.What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
　　　
题干关键词
A.Try the Cornish pie.
B.Watch a British TV show.
C.Go fishing in the sea.
D.Take pictures of the harbor.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
⑥
⑦　　　　 　 　
n.个性,特色　
v.(熟词生义)沿着……的边缘走
v.展出,陈列　
v.(熟词生义)沿……形成行/列/排　
v.(熟词生义)沿……边,和……毗邻　
adj.明显的;显著的　
n.花盆
设题特点
①在原文中可直接找到和正确选项表述相同的短语或句子,通常仅涉及文章中一两句话的信息。
②无须对文章信息进行分析、概括或推理判断。
设问方式
主要以what、when、where、which等特殊疑问词提问。
图解技法
题干定位法
深度解析
1.细节理解题。依据题干关键词定位至Hereford,Herefordshire部分。根据关键信息句1“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building...One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知,在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。
2.依据题干关键词定位至Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分。根据关键信息句2“The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知,什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。
3.依据题干关键词定位至Mevagissey,Cornwall部分。根据关键信息句3“Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.”可知,作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。
热考题型2　综合信息题
[典例](2025全国一卷,B节选)　
关键信息句1
In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak① after her parents rejected② the love of her young life.More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people,knew their subjects③ so well.
　　　　　　 关键信息句2 　　
　　 关键信息句3
But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike④ them as important.This would have to change.
关键信息句4　　　　 关键信息句5
1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders.　 题干关键词
B.Students’ parents.
C.Modern writers.
D.Fictional characters. 题干关键词
2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
√
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　 　 　 　　
④
n. 心碎　
v.拒绝接受　
n.描述对象　
v. 让(某人)觉得;给(某人以……)印象
设题特点
①正确选项与原文信息表达方式不同,一般都是原文的同义转述,即用同义词或近义词等增加干扰性。
②有时涉及一段内多个信息点或几段的某些内容,需进行概括和归纳才能得出答案。
设问方式
主要对文中具体信息进行提问,如what、when、where、how、why等。
图解技法
锁特征同义转述法
深度解析
1.依据题干关键词定位至第一段。根据关键信息句1“In my ninth-grade writing class last year”可知,去年作者教授的是九年级的写作课;再根据关键信息句2中的“I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people”可知,是作者的学生在写作课上创作了上文提到的“a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father...and a modern-day Juliet...”这些人物。由此可知,第一段中作者提及的人是学生在写作中创作的人物,即虚构的人物。
2.依据题干关键词定位至第二段。根据关键信息句3和句4可知,学生第一篇作文写得差的原因是“Why is writing important ”这个写作话题本身。再根据关键信息句5“writing...simply didn’t strike them as important”可知,学生并不觉得写作重要,也就是说,学生对该写作话题缺乏兴趣,所以写得差。
热考题型3　数字计算题
[典例](2025全国一卷,A)
The greening of planes,trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonize① everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown② of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode③ of transport has its specific④ fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition(变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
Q:What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 题干关键词
A.11.6%.　　 B.45.1%.　　
C.74.5%.　　 D.86.1%.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
⑥
⑦　　　　　 　
v.降低……的碳排放,使环保　
n.(熟词生义)数字细目,分类　
n.方式,模式　
adj.明确的,具体的,特定的　
adj.长期的　
adj.节能的　
adj.固态的
设题特点
①常涉及时间、数量、年龄、价钱、距离等数据信息的简单计算。
②找到计算背后隐含的信息是准确解题的关键。如涉及表格信息应确定好正确的数据所对应的列或行。
设问方式
主要以how many/much或how long等进行提问。
图解技法
加减乘除巧算数
深度解析
本题问的是2018年道路交通的碳排放量在全球交通运输所产生的碳排放量中的占比。依据题干关键词定位至文章第一幅图。根据图中ROAD VEHICLES部分的内容可知,道路交通的碳排放量的占比是45.1%+29.4%=74.5%。
课堂应用
A(2025浙江1月卷,A)
Interlibrary Loan(ILL) provides teachers,students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection.
Who Can Borrow
Current students,teachers(including retired) and staff can request items through ILL.Interlibrary Loan is not available to former students,guest borrowers or fee-card holders.
How Long Does It Take
Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However,obtaining items that are rare,recently published or in high demand may take longer.To speed up the process,please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate.
Length of Loans
Loan periods are established by the lending library.All due dates are noted on the label.Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library.Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label.No renewals(续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL.
Notification/Delivery Options
For a physical item,you will be notified by email when it arrives.Items are picked up at one of our libraries—the one you selected in the ILL Request Form.For an article or book chapter,you will be notified by email when it is available.To obtain the article or chapter,click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account.Once in your account,select Electronic Articles Received.
Interlibrary Loan Fees
Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost
Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10
For-Profit Libraries $20 $12
International Libraries $25 $15
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆间借阅服务的相关信息。
1.Who can use the ILL service
A.Former students.　 B.Guest borrowers.
C.Retired teachers. D.Fee-card holders.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Current students,teachers(including retired) and staff can request items through ILL.”可知,退休老师可以使用图书馆间借阅服务。
2.What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL
A.Pay an extra fee for delivery.
B.Renew it before the due date.
C.Pick it up at the lending library.
D.Return it when it is recalled.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library.”可知,通过ILL借阅纸质书的一条规则是要服从被借出的图书馆的召回。
3.How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library
A.$15.　　　　　 B.$20.
C.$24. D.$30.
√
细节理解题。根据表格中“International Libraries Article/Chapter Cost $15”可知,从国际图书馆获取两篇文章的费用是15×2=30美元。
B(2025全国二卷,D)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively(专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled.Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了纽约Blue Hill餐厅改名wastED的实验,用原本会被丢弃的食材制作菜品,以提高公众对食物浪费问题的关注。实验虽然只持续了短短的两周,却证明了可持续饮食的可能性。
4.What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A.He witnessed food shortage.
B.He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C.He donated food to Africans.
D.He helped to cook at home.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“growing up in South Africa,where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact”可知,作者童年时期长大于南非,那儿存在食物短缺问题,“非洲有孩子在挨饿” 是“事实”。由此推断作者可能目睹过食物匮乏的状况。
5.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A.To customize dishes for guests.
B.To make the public aware of food waste.
C.To test a food processing method.
D.To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.” 可知,Blue Hill 餐厅开展实验的目的是通过定制菜品,让公众意识到食物浪费问题。
6.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
√
段落大意题。第五段首句指出 wastED 的食材 “并非垃圾”,而是大部分餐厅都不会使用的肉类和农产品的边角料,随后列举 kale ribs,fish collars等通常被餐厅丢弃的原料,并说明它们被改造成美味佳肴。因此该段主要介绍菜品的原料构成。
7.What can we learn about wastED
A.It has ended as planned.
B.It is creating new jobs.
C.It has regained popularity.
D.It is criticized by top chefs.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu”可知, wastED是计划中的短期实验,目前已结束并恢复常规菜单。故选A项。
二、推理判断题
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,在字里行间体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括隐含推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
热考题型1　隐含推断题
[典例](2025浙江1月卷,B节选)　 关键信息句1
When I was a child I was often told what not to eat.“You don’t want to get fat” was on constant① repeat throughout my childhood.It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome.② Because of this,I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade(劝阻) her from a second dessert.But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank.It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally③ negative impact.
According to Charlotte Markey,a professor of psychology④ ,food is one of the rare subjects where,as parents,saying less is more.“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through,but I’m not convinced⑤ that food is one of them,” she says.“It just creates some worries and insecurities⑥ in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” 关键信息句2
1.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph
题干关键词
A.She is upset by her kids’ weight.
B.She is critical of the way she was fed.
C.She is interested in making food.
D.She is particular about what she eats.
2.Which of the following would Markey disapprove of 题干关键词
A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally.
B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times.
C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks.
D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes.
√
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
⑥
adj.重复的,持续不断的　
v.克服　
adv.无意地,非故意地　
n.心理学　
adj.确信的,信服的　
n.不安全,无把握
设题特点
推断隐含意义是依据文章信息(某个或某些句子、段落或全文信息)进行合理、适度的推断,推出作者没直接说明的内容。
设问方式
①以what提问,题干中常含infer、indicate、imply、suggest、conclude、assume、learn、know等动词。
②What can we learn/infer from...
③What does the author indicate/want to say by...
④也有以why等较为灵活的方式针对文章信息设问。
图解技法
定、析、比,推言外意
深度解析
1.依据题干关键词定位至第一段。根据关键信息句1“When I was a child...something that took me years to overcome.”可知,作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响,由此可推断出,作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。
2.依据题干关键词定位至所选第二段。根据关键信息句2“According to Charlotte Markey,a professor of psychology...‘There are so many... that aren’t necessarily healthy.’”可知,Markey不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论与食物相关的话题,而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题,所以Markey不会赞成。
热考题型2　观点态度题
[典例1](2025浙江1月卷,B节选)
　　　 关键信息句
I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive① ,they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey.“The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don’t eat it,they’re seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 　　
　　　　　　　　　 题干关键词
1.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following
A.Costly.　　　　 B.Complex.
C.Workable. D.Contradictory.
√
[典例2](2024全国甲卷,C节选)
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 关键信息句
2.What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
题干关键词
A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.
C.Ambiguous②. D.Cautious③.
√
[典例3](2023浙江1月卷,B节选)
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson,sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars,and have so little trash!A few days later,I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries,and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit discouraging.　 关键信息句
3.What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars 　　　题干关键词
A.He disapproved of it. B.He was favorable to it.
C.He was tolerant of it. D.He didn’t care about it.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
adj.限制性的,约束的　
adj.模棱两可的,有歧义的　
adj.谨慎的
设题特点
①推断作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度、看法。
②先明确某人对人物或事物的态度,再锁定体现人物观点态度的感彩鲜明的褒贬词(形容词、副词等)、句或事例或描写人物动作、表情或语气的词句推断态度。
设问方式
题干中常出现的词有attitude、opinion、think of、consider、feel about等。如①What does the author think of/feel about... ②What is the researcher’s attitude towards...
图解技法
寻褒贬词,察言观色定态度
深度解析
1.依据题干关键词定位至所选文段。根据关键信息句“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive,they do make better decisions.”可知,孩子们确实会做出更好的决策,所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。
2.推断文中人物的观点态度。依据题干关键词定位至所选文段。根据Ducke所说的话“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned...”可知,Ducke认为,虽然医疗团队在如此狭小的空间里工作和生活,但他们仍然保持专注,并关心他人,这让他印象深刻。由此推断,Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏态度。要正确解此题,要关注but后的“still staying focused and very concerned”以及表达作者情感态度的词“very impressed”等。
3.依据题干关键词定位至所选文段。根据关键信息句,尤其是句中的关键词“silly”以及“discouraging”可推知,作者的父亲不赞成带着罐子去买杂货。
热考题型3　写作意图题
[典例1](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,B节选)　　
关键信息句
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication①,he may be right:Since 1982, membership② in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”　　　
1.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association 题干关键词
A.To prove Farber’s point.
B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To praise veterinarians.
D.To advocate animal protection.
√
[典例2](2023全国甲卷,C节选)
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express:In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened③ my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
　　关键信息句1
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.　 关键信息句2
2.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
题干关键词
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
√
n.迹象　
n.会员数目　
vt.重新唤醒
设题特点
①就某一细节(例子等)或某个段落的写作意图提问
②就整篇文章的写作意图提问
设问方式
①就细节:What is the author’s purpose in mentioning... Why does the author list/mention...in paragraph...
②就段落:What is the function of the first paragraph
③就文章:What is the purpose of the text
图解技法
依主旨,辨文体,推意图
深度解析
1.根据所选段落关键信息句“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.”可知作者提到美国整体兽医协会是为了证明Farber的观点。
2.依据题干关键词定位至所选文本的第二段。该段首句介绍Weiner的书的内容:把哲学家们的著作置于某背景下,让他们的作品帮我们做得更好。接着列举一系列哲学家的例子:像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样观察,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样无怨无悔。在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后,作者总结,这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。
热考题型4　文章出处和类型题
[典例1](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C)
关键信息句1
Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book,represented① here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
关键信息句2
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes② these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically③ in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press,books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently,as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway,artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers,pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view,the printed book is certainly ancient,but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader...
1.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
√
[典例2](2022全国乙卷,B节选)
In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—travelled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.　　　　
关键信息句1　　　
关键信息句2
In Wickenden’s book,she expanded on④ the history of the West and also on feminism,which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. 关键信息句3　　
关键信息句4
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing...
2.What is the text
A.A news report.　　　　 B.A book review.
C.A children’s story. D.A diary entry.
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
√
vt.展示　
vt.强调　
adv.象征性地　
详细阐述
设题特点
根据文章体裁和题材判断文章的出处和类型。
设问方式
文章出处
①Where is the text probably taken from
②Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
文章类型
What is the text
图解技法
巧借细节判出处
深度解析
1.根据第一段关键信息句1“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段关键信息句2“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知,本文介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书。
2.从第一段关键信息句1可知,两人支教的故事是Dorothy Wickenden所著的Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West这本书的主题;倒数第二段关键信息句2和句3介绍了书里描述的内容以及结局,最后一段关键信息句4更是直接指出Dorothy Wickenden是一位出色的故事讲述者。整篇文章都是围绕着一本书展开的,是一篇典型的书评。
热考题型5　写作手法、读者对象和文章后续内容题
[典例1](2025全国一卷,D节选)
　　　　　　　关键信息句
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. 　　
1.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
　　　　　　　　　　 题干关键词
A.By quoting① an expert.　 B.By defining② a concept.
C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics③.
√
[典例2](2023全国乙卷,C)
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for④ less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous⑤ in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining⑥ and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.　　　关键信息句3
2.What might the author continue talking about 题干关键词
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
⑥
vt.引用　
vt.解释,阐明　
n.数据　
有……声望　
adj.勇于冒险的　
v.下降
设题特点
①写作手法常涉及记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁,文章难度中等,结构层次清晰。常考类别有分类法、比较法、举例法、因果法、定义法、分析原因法、引入数据和研究、描述法等。
②读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞和语言特征及信息句中代词的指代对象来推断文章的读者对象。
③文章后续内容在设题时,文中给出要叙述的内容,但段落不全,最后一部分内容缺失。文中论述的依据分为几个部分,但最后缺少一个支撑。
设问方式
写作手法
①What does the author focus on in the first two paragraphs
②How does the author present the issue...
③How does...explain his/her findings in paragraph...
读者对象
Who is the passage intended for...
文章后续内容
What might the author continue talking about
图解技法
深度解析
1.根据选文中的关键信息句“微塑料出现在深海中和喜马拉雅山上,被困在火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在了人类体内”可推知,作者是通过举例子提出微塑料污染的问题的。
2.推断文章后续内容要关注文章最后一段,尤其是关键信息句提到的“随着电视上的男厨师越来越多,男孩喜欢烹饪不再是一件‘不酷的事’了”。由此推断,接下来作者可能会继续谈论“电视上的男厨师”这一话题,承接上文。
课堂应用
A(2025八省联考,B)
Jim Johnson,a mail carrier,was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods,just north of downtown Wilmington,where he delivered much more than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name;he carried in the groceries;he took note of unlocked doors,offered gardening advice,and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn’t doing all that,Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.
Though the postal service is often disparaged now,the trust in local postal service lives on.In many communities,that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine,greeting cards,social security checks,college acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailboxes in front of the houses.
After more than three decades,Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other.He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day.Butch,a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors,was waiting just like every day before.And just like every day before,he got into the jump seat and they were off.On the route,Jim and Butch had become inseparable.Now,the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together.At every stop,Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter,and hugs filled with warm memories.
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route,but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.That’s what the postal service means to us.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里,与大家建立了深厚感情,在他退休33年后,作者依然记得他,表达了对他的怀念。
1.What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph
A.He’s open-minded.
B.He’s sharp-eyed.
C.He’s warm-hearted.
D.He’s strong-willed.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He knew all the kids and their pets by name;he carried in the groceries;he took note of...did not fall short of its daily promise.”可推知,吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。
2.What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Refused.　　　　 B.Criticized.
C.Investigated. D.Suspended.
√
词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now,the trust in local postal service lives on.”可知,前后句是转折关系,后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在,那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评。由此可知,画线单词disparaged与criticized(批评)意思相近。
3.What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work
A.He drove Butch to its owner.
B.He sent presents to his friends.
C.He prepared a retirement party.
D.He said goodbye to the neighbors.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At every stop,Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter,and hugs filled with warm memories.”可知,吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外,还向邻居们告别。
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To remember a respected mail carrier.
B.To record an unforgettable experience.
C.To raise funds for the postal service.
D.To call for harmony in the community.
√
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段可知,文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里,与大家建立了深厚感情,在他退休33年后,作者依然记得他,表达了对他的怀念。由此推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。
B(2024全国甲卷,C)
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村) populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke,a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,”says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗资源不足的问题而运营的Saint Lukas 医疗车。
5.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A.It runs across countries.
B.It reserves seats for the seniors.
C.It functions as a hospital.
D.It travels along a river.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段可知,Saint Lukas 列车只允许病人乘坐,是政府资助的一辆医疗列车,列车上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此,该列车与其他列车的不同之处在于它的作用相当于一家医院。
6.What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A.It is heavily populated.
B.It offers training for doctors.
C.It is a modern city.
D.It needs medical aid.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,...to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.”可知,政府激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。由此推测,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。
7.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A.About a year.
B.About ten months.
C.About two months.
D.About two weeks.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”可知,该列车会在大约八个站点停留两周多,然后返回补充燃料和进行补给。由此可知,该列车进行一次补给后可工作大约两周。
8.What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.
C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的话“I was very impressed...”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”可知,Ducke 对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。
三、词句猜测题
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
热考题型1　词义猜测题
[典例1](2025全国一卷,B节选)
As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive① piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments②,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse③ topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 关键信息句 　　
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean 　　　　　　
题干关键词
A.Mixed.　　　　 B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
√
[典例2](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C节选)
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume④,deep in thought⑤ or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.
2.What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
　　　　　　　　 题干关键词
A.Understand.　　　　 B.Paint.
C.Seize. D.Transform.
√
[典例3](2023全国甲卷,B节选)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY(do-it-yourself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing⑥ together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.　　　关键信息句
3.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
　　　　　　　　 　题干关键词
A.An artist. B.A winner.
C.A specialist. D.A pioneer.
√
[典例4](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,C节选)
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable⑦,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive⑧ benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one,I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so,I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid...
4.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
题干关键词
A.Clear-up.　
B.Add-on.
C.Check-in.
D.Take-over.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
adj.有说服力的　
n.(学生的)作业　
adj.多种多样的　
(熟词生义)n.书籍　
陷入沉思　
(熟词生义)v.拼装　
adj.难以忍受的　
adj.大量的
设题特点
猜测画线词/短语的含义包括理解生僻词块含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义。
设问方式
①What does/do the underlined word(s)...mean/refer to
②What can best replace the underlined word(s)
图解技法
4角度快猜词
1.据语境/“瞻前顾后”推词义——“瞻前顾后”,寻找上下文可以推断画线词词义的线索
2.4种逻辑关系猜词法——利用逻辑衔接词前后的内容猜画线词含义
3.利用语法关系猜测词义
4.根据构词法猜词义
深度解析
1.利用语境推断词义。根据画线词后面的关键信息句“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”可知,学生们的写作与以前相比发生了巨大变化,而且这个结果应是积极正向的;选项中只有 B项“Amazing(令人惊喜的,令人惊奇的)”符合语境要求。由此推知,staggering与amazing语义一致。
2.利用逻辑关系猜词义。该段第一句是主题句:这本“书中书”选取和排列艺术作品的方式,凸显不同时代和文化之间的联系。第二、三句是拓展句,通过儿童和成年人的场景和行为展示书籍的重要性;尾句指出这些场景虽然可能是数百年前绘制的,但记录了不同时空和文化之间人类共同的场景,所以是我们所有人都能够理解和产生共鸣的瞬间,故画线词意为“理解”。
3.根据画线短语下文关键信息句“Skilled at...she can do herself.”可知,Terri Bolton是一位DIY高手。由此可推知,画线短语a dab hand意为“一位专业人员”。
4.利用构词法猜词义。画线词为派生词,词根是clutter,作动词时意为“凌乱地塞满;乱堆放”;作名词意为“杂乱的东西;杂乱”,前缀de-为否定前缀,有“去除”之意,所猜词意思=词根意思+前缀意思,“去除杂乱的东西;使不再凌乱”,即“清理”。
热考题型2　代词指代题
[典例1](2025全国二卷,B节选)
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy① instead.“I feel like it is a disservice② to the kids,” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 关键信息句
1.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4 　
题干关键词
A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy.
√
[典例2](2022新课标Ⅱ卷,C节选)
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behaviour,” said Félix W.Ortiz,who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban③ on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”　 　 关键信息句
2.What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
　　　 题干关键词
A.Advice.
B.Data.
C.Tests.
D.Laws.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
n.同情　
n.伤害　
n.禁令
设题特点
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指,有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问方式
①What does the underlined word “this/it/them...”refer to
②The underlined part “it/that/they...” in paragraph...refers to 　　　.
图解技法
就近原则找指代
深度解析
1.根据选文中的关键信息句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says.” 可推知,其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。
2.根据画线词所在句中的“that can change people’s behaviour”可知, something是能够改变人们的行为的事物。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,he said,‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.’”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律,受到法律的约束和惩罚,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机,故something指代的是法律。
热考题型3　句意理解题
[典例](2019浙江卷,B节选)
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached to① it with pins and a sign② that read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”　 　关键信息句
Q:What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean 题干关键词
A.Money spent without hesitation.
B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions.
D.Money not tied together.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
附着　
n.标志牌
设题特点
理解某一个句子的本意或外延含义,需理解前后句所表达的含义。
设问方式
What does the underlined sentence/the expression in paragraph... mean
图解技法
意义吻合推句意
深度解析
根据第一段末尾的关键信息句“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”可知,如果你有能力,就捐钱;如果需要钱,就可以拿走钞票,没有任何条件,给和拿都是自愿的。
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说).” According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读(可视化学习)在理解和记忆方面的优劣,强调纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。
1.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last.
B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use.
D.Become easy to notice.
√
词义猜测题。根据上文的“When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.”可知,在阅读几百字的文本时,纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。结合本句的“...when experimenters move from posing simple tasks...such as drawing inferences from a text.”可知,当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时,纸质阅读的优势尤为明显,也就是变得容易被人注意到。由此可知,shine through的意思与D项相同。
2.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious...when they are reading print.”是对shallowing hypothesis(浅层阅读假说)的解释说明。人们通常带着一种不太严肃的态度去阅读社交媒体的数字文本。由此可知,A项符合题意。
3.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students’ attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...”可知,大学教师之所以越来越多地使用音频和视频,是因为它们比文本更加吸引人,也就是能够保持学生的注意力。
4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
√
推理判断题。最后一段第一句强调了数码文本、音频和视频的教育作用,接着用However一转指出,教育者不应该认为所有媒体的作用都是一样的,暗示我们切勿忽视印刷文本的重要性,即其他媒体信息不能完全取代印刷文本。
B(2023全国乙卷,D)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time,has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side,we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side,we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides,there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these,all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了文字和实物史料共同记录历史的重要性,不能仅凭文字记载历史。
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
√
段落大意题。通读第一段内容可知,作者认为不能只通过文本来讲述历史,因为世界上大多数地方在大多数时候都没有文字,而且,甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字,而且用实物记录他们的担忧。作者开篇点题,引出了文章所要讨论的主题:应如何呈现过去的事件。故选A项。
6.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
√
推理判断题。根据本段第一句话可知,作者提及库克船长是暗示他的记录是单方面的,是片面的。本段举例是为了论证段落主旨句第一句,只有文字是不全面的,还需要实物,也就是shield。故选D项。
7.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem.
B.History.
C.Voice.
D.Society.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词前部分中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”可知,此处的conversation指的“历史”。同时重申本文论点:要了解历史,不仅需要文字,还需要实物。故选B项。
8.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
√
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.”和“a history told through things”以及“we have to read not just the texts,but the objects”可知,本文选自A History of the World in 100 Objects。故选C项。
四、主旨大意题
主旨大意题是阅读理解中最难的题目,因为该类题目不仅考查领会文章大意的能力,也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要从文章中提炼、提取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。因此,遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答,一定要读完、读懂文章后再作判断,建议学生将此类题目放到最后来做。
热考题型1　段落大意题
[典例](2025浙江1月卷,D节选)
　　　 关键信息句
Martin sees a silver lining,however:She believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies,it reduces negative stereotypes about women.Similarly,anthropomorphized products could be created to take on① stereotype-inconsistent② roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations,for instance. 　　　　　　　
Q:What does the last paragraph mainly talk about 题干关键词
A.The quality of genderless products.
B.The upside of gendering a product.
C.The meaning of anthropomorphism.
D.The stereotypes of men and women.
[语境猜词]
①
②
√
承担　
adj.不一致的
设题特点
在理解段落内容的基础上提炼核心信息,然后对比选项,选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。
设问方式
①What is the first paragraph mainly about
②What does paragraph...mainly talk about
③What is the main idea of the first paragraph
图解技法
依段落结构定段意
深度解析
依据题干关键词定位至最后一段。根据该段中的关键信息句“Martin sees a silver lining,however:She believes that anthropomorphism ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes’.”以及后文所举的例子可知,最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面,即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。
热考题型2　文章大意题
[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered① hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid② choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or school.The innovative③ design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically,it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated④,it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil,the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest,users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 　　
BMF employees live out sustainability⑤ in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
Q:What does the text mainly talk about 　　　题干关键词
A.BMF’s major strengths.
B.BMF’s general management.
C.BMF’s global influence.
D.BMF’s technical standards.
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
(熟词生义)v.走完(一段路程)　
(熟词生义)adj.可靠的
adj.创新的　
v.使自动化　
n.可持续性
设题特点
在理解段落内容的基础上提炼核心信息,然后对比选项,选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。
设问方式
①What is the first paragraph mainly about
②What does paragraph...mainly talk about
③What is the main idea of the first paragraph
图解技法
依段落结构定段意
深度解析
根据各段的关键信息(画线部分)可以知晓各段落大意。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题为导入,引出巴比伦微农场,指出其具有可缩短运输距离的优势。第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过其创新设计和功能保证新鲜蔬菜供应。第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠新技术,在节水等方面的优势。第四段指出巴比伦微农场在可持续发展方面的优势。第五段介绍巴比伦微农场员工在日常生活中环保的生活方式。串联各段落大意可知,整篇文章围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。
热考题型3　标题归纳题
[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,B)
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally① come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared② of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes,at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. 　　
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
Q:What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens
B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers
D.Changing Local Landscape
[语境猜词]
①
②
√
adv.真正地　
adj.害怕的
设题特点
概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。
设问方式
Which is/What/Which of the following can be the most suitable title for the text
图解技法
融合标题4特征
4大法定最佳标题
关注记叙文标题4特点
深度解析
串线法概括大意后,提炼文章标题。根据各段关键信息可概括

展开更多......

收起↑