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新外研版英语八年级下册 Unit 1 Career talks 知识清单
一、核心词汇 (Key Words)
career /k r (r)/ (职业，事业) spiderman / spa d m n/ (蜘蛛人，指高空作业人员)
window cleaner (窗户清洁工) pilot / pa l t/ (飞行员)
cashier /k (r)/ (收银员) tour guide (导游)
police officer (警官) dentist / dent st/ (牙医)
company / k mp ni/ (公司) speech /spi t / (演说，演讲) → give/make a speech
remind /r ma nd/ (使想起，提醒) remind sb of sth (使某人想起某事)
remind sb to do sth (提醒某人做某事) organise / ɡ na z/ (组织)
create /kri e t/ (创造) require /r kwa (r)/ (需要，要求)
consider /k n s d (r)/ (认为，考虑) → be considered as (被认为是) regret /r ɡret/ (后悔) → regret doing sth
celebrate / sel bre t/ (庆祝) replace /r ple s/ (取代) → be replaced by (被……取代)
challenging / t l nd / (富有挑战性的) wet /wet/ (湿的) → get wet (淋湿)
newborn / nju b n/ (新生的) ordinary / dnri/ (普通的，平凡的)
achievement / t i vm nt/ (成就) → a sense of achievement (成就感) sweat /swet/ (汗) → a drop of sweat (一滴汗水)
drop /dr p/ (滴) → a drop of water (一滴水) watermelon / w t mel n/ (西瓜)
skill /sk l/ (技能) experience / k sp ri ns/ (经验，经历)
context / k ntekst/ (上下文，语境) communication /k mju n ke n/ (交流，沟通)
knowledge / n l d / (知识) benefit / ben f t/ (益处)
二、重点短语及句型 (Key Phrases & Sentence Patterns)
1. 课文故事核心短语 (Robert the Spiderman)
a spiderman worker (一名高空作业人员)
do a spiderman job (从事高空作业工作)
respect spidermen (尊重高空作业人员)
give a speech (发表演讲) / make a speech (做演讲)
on his last working day (在他工作的最后一天)
the past 30 years (过去的30年)
a drop of sweat (一滴汗水)
sweat a lot (流很多汗) / wipe sweat (擦汗)
a big watermelon (一个大西瓜)
remind sb of sth (使某人想起某事)
newborn baby (新生儿)
a sense of achievement (成就感)
be filled with challenges and joys (充满挑战与喜悦)
I will never regret... (我从不后悔……)
That was the sweetness of my life. (那是我生命中的甜蜜。)
2. 职业讨论功能句型
What does he/she do (他/她是做什么工作的？)
What are the challenges/joys of... (……工作的挑战/乐趣是什么？)
What keeps our world running (是什么维持着世界的运转？)
What other jobs do you know (你还知道哪些职业？)
... is/is not always considered (as) a good job. (……并不总被认为是一份好工作。)
It is challenging but exciting to work as... (从事……工作富有挑战但令人兴奋。)
Patience and care are required for this job. (这份工作需要耐心和细心。)
3. 职业体验与探索 (Yan Jing’s Story)
try 20 jobs in three years (三年尝试20份工作)
work as an onion cutter (从事切洋葱工)
gain experience (获得经验)
develop skills (发展技能)
career choice (职业选择)
open questions and followup questions (开放式问题与跟进问题)
4. 未来职业预测
spring up (涌现)
be replaced by... (被……取代)
in the future (在未来)
space tour guides (太空导游)
Some traditional jobs are disappearing. (一些传统职业正在消失。)
New jobs will be created. (新的职业将被创造出来。)
5. 劳动节文化相关
International Workers’ Day (国际劳动节)
celebrate... in different ways (以不同方式庆祝)
springtime festivals (春日节庆)
parade /p re d/ (游行)
三、语法知识 (Grammar Focus)
1. 一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时被动语态 am/is/are +过去分词 Window cleaning is not always considered a good job. (擦窗工作并不总被认为是一份好工作。) English is spoken in many countries. (许多国家说英语。) Patience and care are required. (需要耐心和细心。)
一般将来时被动语态 will be +过去分词 All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. (我在高空的所有日子都将留存在记忆中。) A new hospital will be built next year. (明年将建一所新医院。) Some simple work will be done by robots. (一些简单的工作将由机器人完成。)
主动语态变被动语态规则 ：
1. 原句宾语变为主语；
2. 谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”，时态保持不变；
3. 原句主语变为宾语，前加by（如无需强调动作执行者可省略）。
不规则动词过去分词（本单元高频）：
keep → kept (保留)
do → done (做)
remind → reminded (提醒) 规则变化
consider → considered (认为) 规则变化
require → required (要求) 规则变化
replace → replaced (取代) 规则变化
2. 情态动词表推测
情态动词 可能性 用法说明 例句
must 90%-100% 强肯定推测，仅用于肯定句 He holds a pilot’s license. He must be a pilot. (他持有飞行员执照，一定是飞行员。)
may/might/could 40%-70% 不确定推测，意为“可能” She knows a lot about tourism. She may work as a tour guide. (她可能是一名导游。)
can’t 0%-10% 强否定推测，意为“不可能” He has no programming training. He can’t be a technician. (他不可能是技术员。)
易错警示 ：
疑问句表推测不可用must，需用 Could/May (Could he be a cashier )
mustn’t 表“禁止”，不表否定推测
(He can’t be a doctor. / He mustn’t be a doctor. )
否定式：may not/might not/could not (可能不)
四、交际用语 (Communicative Expressions)
1. 采访与询问职业经历
What made you try so many jobs (是什么让你尝试这么多工作？)
What did you learn from this experience (你从这次经历中学到了什么？)
How did you feel when... (当……时你感觉如何？)
What‘s the most unforgettable moment (最难忘的时刻是什么？)
2. 表达职业观点与价值观
All jobs are meaningful. (所有工作都有意义。)
Ordinary jobs can also shine. (平凡的职业也能发光。)
It’s not the job itself, but the contribution that matters. (重要的不是职业本身，而是贡献。)
I have found a sense of achievement in... (我在……中找到了成就感。)
五、易错点提示
1. 被动语态中“be”动词的遗漏或误用
正确：Window cleaning is not considered a good job.
错误：Window cleaning not considered a good job.
2. 不规则过去分词拼写错误
正确：kept, done, known, heard
错误：keeped, doed, knowed, heared
3. must表推测不可用于否定句和疑问句
否定推测：He can’t be a teacher. (√)
否定推测：He mustn’t be a teacher. (×)
4. remind 的两种搭配混淆
remind sb of sth：使想起（已发生的事）
The photo reminds me of my childhood.
remind sb to do sth：提醒做（未做的事）
Remind me to call her.
5. “a sense of achievement”为固定搭配，不可漏掉“of”
正确：a sense of achievement
错误：a sense achievement
6. “challenging”与“difficult”的情感色彩差异
challenging：困难但有趣、有价值（积极）
difficult：单纯困难（中性/消极）

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