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八年级下册 Unit 3 What makes a great team 知识清单
一、核心词汇 (Key Words)
1. director /d rekt (r)/ (n. 导演；主管；董事)
词形转换：direct (v. 指导；导演；指挥) | direct (adj. 直接的；直达的)
固定搭配：film director (电影导演) | company director (公司董事) | director of a school (校长)
例句：The director of this movie is very famous.（这部电影的导演很有名。）
2.leader / li d (r)/ (n. 领导者)
词形转换：lead (v. 领导；带领) | leadership (n. 领导才能；领导地位) | leading (adj. 主要的；领先的)
固定搭配：team leader (团队领导) | national leader (国家领导人) | leading role (主导作用)
例句：A good leader should listen to the opinions of team members.
（一个好的领导者应该倾听团队成员的意见。）
3.queen /kwi n/ (n. 女王；王后)
固定搭配：queen of a country (国家女王) | fairy queen (仙女女王)
例句：The queen visited our city last year.（女王去年访问了我们的城市。）
member / memb (r)/ (n. 成员)
固定搭配：team member (团队成员) | family member (家庭成员)
4. teamwork / ti mw k/ (n. 合作，协作，配合)
词形转换：team (n. 团队) | work (v./n. 工作)
固定搭配：good teamwork (良好的合作) | teamwork spirit (团队合作精神)
例句：Success depends on good teamwork.（成功取决于良好的合作。）
5. strength /stre θ/ (n. 优点，长处，优势)
词形转换：strong (adj. 强壮的；强大的)
固定搭配：personal strength (个人优点) | strength in English (英语优势)
例句：Her greatest strength is her kindness.（她最大的优点是善良。）
6.weakness / wi kn s/ (n. 弱点，缺点，不足)
词形转换：weak (adj. 虚弱的；薄弱的)
固定搭配：overcome weakness (克服弱点) | weakness in math (数学薄弱点)
例句：He is trying to improve his weakness in writing.（他正在努力改善写作上的不足。）
7. role /r l/ (n. 角色；作用)
固定搭配：play a role in (在……中扮演角色/起作用) | leading role (主角) | supporting role (配角)
例句：He played the role of a king in the school play.（他在校园剧中扮演国王的角色。）
8.drama / drɑ m / (n. 戏剧)
词形转换：dramatic (adj. 戏剧性的；急剧的) | dramatically (adv. 戏剧性地) | dramatist (n. 剧作家)
固定搭配：drama club (戏剧俱乐部) | stage drama (舞台剧) | TV drama (电视剧)
例句：We watched a wonderful drama at the theater last night.（昨晚我们在剧院看了一场精彩的戏剧。）
9. silence / sa l ns/ (n. 沉默，缄默)
词形转换：silent (adj. 沉默的；寂静的) | silently (adv. 沉默地) | silence (v. 使沉默)
固定搭配：in silence (沉默地) | break the silence (打破沉默)
例句：They walked home in silence after the argument.（争吵后，他们沉默地走回了家。）
10. suggestion /s d est n/ (n. 建议，提议)
词形转换：suggest (v. 建议；提议)
固定搭配：put forward a suggestion (提出建议) | accept a suggestion (接受建议)
例句：She gave me a good suggestion about the trip.（她给了我一个关于旅行的好建议。）
11. cooperation /k p re n/ (n. 合作)
词形转换：cooperate (v. 合作) | cooperative (adj. 合作的)
12. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ (n. 责任)
词形转换：responsible (adj. 负责任的)
13. freeze /fri z/ (v. 突然停止；呆住)
过去式：froze | 过去分词：frozen
词形转换：freezing (adj. 极冷的) | frozen (adj. 冷冻的) | freeze (n. 冻结；严寒期)
固定搭配：freeze with fear (吓得呆住)
例句：He froze when he saw the snake in the grass.（看到草丛里的蛇，他吓得呆住了。）
14. advise / d va z/ (v. 建议)
过去式：advised | 过去分词：advised
词形转换：advice (n. 建议，不可数) | advisable (adj. 明智的) | adviser (n. 顾问)
固定搭配：advise sb. to do sth. (建议某人做某事) | advise doing sth. (建议做某事)
例句：The doctor advised him to exercise more every day.（医生建议他每天多锻炼。）
15. vote /v t/ (v. 投票，表决)
过去式：voted | 过去分词：voted
词形转换：vote (n. 投票；选票)
固定搭配：vote for sb. (为某人投票) | vote on sth. (就某事表决)
例句：We will vote for our class monitor tomorrow.（我们明天将投票选举班长。）
16. learn /l n/ (v. 学习；吸取教训)
固定搭配：learn from (从……中学习/吸取教训)
例句：What can you learn from the story （你能从这个故事中学到什么？）
17. awful / f l/ (adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的)
比较级：more awful | 最高级：most awful
词形转换：awfully (adv. 非常；极其)
固定搭配：awful weather (糟糕的天气) | awful experience (糟糕的经历) | awful food (难吃的食物)
例句：We had an awful trip because of the heavy rain.（因为大雨，我们的旅行很糟糕。）
18. responsible /r sp ns bl/ (adj. 负责任的)
词形转换：responsibility (n. 责任)
19. decisive /d sa s v/ (adj. 果断的)
20.dramatic /dr m t k/ (adj. 戏剧性的；急剧的)
词形转换：drama (n. 戏剧) | dramatically (adv. 戏剧性地)
21. yours /j z/ (pron. 你的；你们的)
词形转换：you (pron. 你；你们)
固定搭配：Yours sincerely / Yours faithfully (此致敬礼——书信结尾用语)
例句：Is this pen yours or his （这支钢笔是你的还是他的？）
词形转换重点
动词 名词 形容词
cooperate (合作) cooperation (合作) cooperative (合作的)
communicate (沟通) communication (沟通) communicative (善于沟通的)
—— responsibility (责任) responsible (负责任的)
trust (信任) trust (信任) trustworthy (可信的) / trusted
succeed (成功) success (成功) successful (成功的)
lead (带领) leader (领导者) / leadership (领导力) leading (领先的)
strong (adj.) strength (力量；优点) ——
weak (adj.) weakness (弱点) ——
二、重点短语及句型 (Key Phrases & Sentence Patterns)
make every effort (尽一切努力)
They made every effort to overcome the cold and dark.（他们尽一切努力克服寒冷与黑暗。）
take responsibility (承担责任)
Everyone should take responsibility and support each other.（每个人都应承担责任，相互支持。）
carry on (继续)
The team gave Liu all their oxygen and carried on without it.（团队把所有氧气都给了刘，自己则在没有氧气的情况下继续攀登。）
shoulder one’s team (肩负团队；为团队扛起责任)
Liu didn’t reach the top, but he shouldered his team into history.（刘没有登顶，但他将团队扛进了历史。）
fall back (后退；退却)
Liu Lianman tried four times but fell back each time.（刘连满尝试了四次，但每次都退了下来。）
give out (分发；分配；耗尽)
The first task—giving out roles—turned into a disaster.（第一个任务——分配角色——变成了一场灾难。）
put oneself in others’ shoes (换位思考)
Leaders shouldn’t make decisions alone, and team members should put oneself in others’ shoes.（领导者不应独自决策，团队成员应学会换位思考。）
human ladder (人梯)
Liu Lianman became a “human ladder” for his teammates.（刘连满成为队友的“人梯”。）
learn from (从……中学习/吸取教训)
What can you learn from the story of the three brothers and the chopsticks （你能从三兄弟与筷子的故事中学到什么？）
play a role in (在……中扮演角色/起作用)
She played the main role in the school play.（她在校园剧中扮演主角。）
teamwork spirit (团队合作精神)
good communication (良好的沟通)
respect differences (尊重差异)
support each other’s weaknesses (相互支持、弥补短板)
trust and sacrifice (信任与牺牲)
vote for / vote on (投票支持/就……表决)
3. 单元主题核心句型
(1) 表达团队建议（情态动词）
You should / shouldn’t... (你应该/不应该……)
A leader should take responsibility and listen to the team.
（领导者应承担责任并倾听团队。）
Leaders shouldn’t make decisions alone.（领导者不应独自决策。）
You have to / don’t have to... (你必须/不必……)
I didn’t have to make the decision alone.（我不必独自做决定。）
We should learn to support each other.（我们应该学会相互支持。）
(2) 阐述团队价值
not only...but also... (不仅……而且……)
A great team needs not only individual excellence, but also cooperation and trust.（伟大的团队不仅需要个人优秀，更需要合作与信任。）
What makes a great team (是什么造就了伟大的团队？)
It’s not about having the best individuals, but about how people work together.
（不在于拥有最优秀的个人，而在于人们如何协作。）
Teamwork isn’t about individual glory.（团队协作无关个人荣耀。）
A great team is built on small acts of kindness and responsibility.
（伟大的团队建立在善意与责任的点滴行动之上。）
三、语法知识 (Grammar Focus)
1. 情态动词用于提建议
(1) should / shouldn’t
功能：表示“应该/不应该”，用于提出建议、表达义务或劝告。
结构：主语 + should/shouldn’t + 动词原形
例句：
A good leader should listen to the team.（好领导者应该倾听团队。）
We shouldn’t force a decision without discussion.（我们不应未经讨论就强行决策。）
You should put yourself in others’ shoes.（你应该换位思考。）
(2) have to / don’t have to
功能：表示“必须/不必”，强调客观必要性。
结构：主语 + have/has to / don’t/doesn’t have to + 动词原形
例句：
I had to ask for help when the team was divided.（当团队分裂时，我不得不寻求帮助。）
You don’t have to make the decision alone.（你不必独自做决定。）
易错警示：mustn’t 表示“禁止”，与 don’t have to（不必）含义不同，需严格区分。
2. 并列结构：not only... but also...
功能：表示“不仅……而且……”，用于连接并列成分（词、短语或分句），强调双重价值。
结构：not only + A + but also + B（A与B结构对等）
例句：
A great team needs not only strong leaders but also cooperative members.
（伟大的团队不仅需要强有力的领导者，还需要善于合作的成员。）
Teamwork not only improves efficiency but also builds trust.
（团队协作不仅提高效率，还能建立信任。）
注意：连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
Not only the leader but also the team members are important.
（不仅领导者重要，团队成员也重要。）
3. 提建议功能句型归纳
句型结构 功能 例句
You should/shouldn’t + do 提出建议/劝告 You should talk to him first.
Why don’t you + do 委婉建议 Why don’t you vote for the most suitable one
How/What about + doing 提议行动 What about having a team discussion
It’s a good idea to + do 评价建议 It’s a good idea to ask for advice.
Let’s + do 号召行动 Let’s support each other’s weaknesses.
4. 词性转换与构词法（词根词缀）
词缀类型 示例 规则
动词→名词 (tion/sion) cooperate → cooperation 动词+tion转化为名词
动词→名词 (ment) agree → agreement 动词+ment转化为名词
形容词→名词 (th) strong → strength 形容词变th为名词
形容词→名词 (ness) weak → weakness 形容词+ness转化为名词
动词→形容词 (able/ible) responsibility → responsible 动词/名词+able/ible
四、易错点提示
1. advise 与 advice 的词性混淆
advise 是动词：He advised me to join the team.
advice 是名词（不可数）：
She gave me some good advice. advices / a piece of advice
固定搭配：give advice (提建议) | take one’s advice (采纳建议)
2. “投票”的表达：vote for / vote on
vote for sb. = 投票支持某人
vote on sth. = 就某事进行投票表决
例句：We voted for Mary as the leader. / We voted on the plan.
3. freeze 的动词变化形式
原形：freeze
过去式：froze
过去分词：frozen
例句：He froze when he saw the snake. freezed
4. shoulder 作为动词的用法
本单元出现 shoulder one’s team，意为“肩负团队责任”。
例句：Liu shouldered his team into history.
5. in silence 与 silently 的语体区别
in silence (介词短语) = 沉默地，多用于书面
silently (副词) = 沉默地，多用于口语/动作描述
例句：They walked in silence. / He left silently.
6. “换位思考”的固定表达
put oneself in others‘ shoes
注意：oneself 需根据主语变化（myself, yourself, himself...）
例句：We should put ourselves in others’ shoes.
7. not only...but also... 连接主语的主谓一致
遵循“就近原则”：Not only the leader but also the members are responsible.
误：Not only the leader but also the members is responsible.

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