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新外研版八下Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单
一、核心词汇
1. 名词类
单词 释义 固定搭配/语境应用
dinosaur 恐龙 dinosaur fossils 恐龙化石；meat-eating/plant-eating dinosaur 食肉/食草恐龙
feather 羽毛 bird feathers 鸟羽毛；feather bed 羽毛床
lizard 蜥蜴 desert lizard 沙漠蜥蜴
amber 琥珀 amber necklace 琥珀项链
species 物种（单复同） endangered species 濒危物种；protect species 保护物种
belief 观点，看法 religious belief 宗教信仰；have a belief in 相信
finding 发现，研究结果 research findings 研究结果
style 风格 writing style 写作风格
method 方法，办法 teaching method 教学方法；effective method 有效方法
argument 论点，论据 strong argument 有力的论据
2. 形容词类
单词 释义 词性转换/反义词 固定搭配
feather-covered 羽毛覆盖的 feather-covered body/wings 羽毛覆盖的身体/翅膀
unknown 未知的 反义词：known已知的 unknown place 未知的地方；the unknown 未知事物
northern 北部的 n. north 北方 northern cities 北方城市；northern hemisphere 北半球
African 非洲的 n. Africa/African African countries 非洲国家；African elephant 非洲象
alive 活着的，有活力的 v. live； adj. living/live stay alive 保持活力；bring sth. alive 使……生动起来
3. 其他
单词 词性 释义 词性转换 固定搭配/语境
unlock v. 解锁，揭开 反义词：lock unlock the secret 揭开秘密；unlock the door 开门锁
whether conj. 是否 同义：if whether...or... 是…还是…；whether or not 是否
fully adv. 完全地，充分地 adj. full fully understand 完全理解；fully prepared 充分准备
二、重点短语
短语 释义 教材语境/例句
thanks to 幸亏，由于 Thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong.
a window on the past 了解过去的一扇窗 Amber serves as a window on the past.
a key to unlock more secrets 揭开更多秘密的钥匙 Amber is a key to unlock more secrets of nature.
change over time 随时间变化 Life on earth has always changed.
a completely new species 一个全新的物种 The ants are a completely new species.
used to believe 曾经相信 Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.
with great passion and hard work 以极大的热情和辛勤工作 Professor Wang explored China’s plants with great passion and hard work.
fall seriously ill 身患重病 He fell seriously ill while doing field work.
carry on with 继续（做某事） He used a magnifier to carry on with his research.
lose sight in one eye 一只眼失明 He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83.
personal honour or wealth 个人荣誉或财富 He seldom thought about personal honour or wealth.
belong to 属于 The award belonged to the team.
have no idea 不知道 Most people had no idea about his achievements.
三、重点句型
1. 宾语从句（本单元核心语法）
引导词 用法特征 教材原句
that 陈述意义，无词义，口语可省略 1.Scientists now know that this idea is wrong. 2. Research shows that they are a completely new species. 3. In 2006, scientists agreed that a true planet moves around the sun.
if/whether “是否”，whether 正式，if 更口语 1.Amber may help us discover if other species have changed. 2. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets 3. Emily wants to know if/whether Mr Brown is interested in insects.
语法核心规则：
语序：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序（主语+谓语）。
时态：主句为现在时，从句可用任何所需时态；主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理仍用一般现在时）。
2. 单元写作/表达句型
句型结构 功能 例句
It proves that... 证明…… The find proves that it did 35 million years ago.
It’s amazing that... …真是太神奇了 It’s amazing that animals have smart ways to communicate.
By doing..., sb. found that... 通过做…某人发现… By watching and listening, scientists discovered that whales use sounds to talk.
It teaches us that... 这件事告诉我们 This discovery teaches us that animals have smart ways to communicate.
I would describe him as... 我会把他描述为 I would describe him as careful and hardworking.
四、语法专讲：宾语从句
本单元语法重点为that及if/whether引导的宾语从句。这是初中阶段必须掌握的核心复合句之一。
1. 引导词的选用
引导词 适用从句类型 能否省略 注意事项
that 陈述意义的从句 可以（口语及非正式文体） 无词义，不作成分
if/whether 一般疑问句意义 不能 意为“是否”；whether 后可接 or not，if 一般不能
2. 语序难点
务必使用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。
I wonder what his job is.
I wonder what is his job.
3. 时态呼应规则
主现从任意：主句是现在时（know/believe/says），从句根据需要选用时态。
Scientists now know that dinosaurs had feathers.
主过从过：主句是过去时（thought/believed），从句用相应过去时态。
Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half.
教材原句对照 ：
...scientists now know that this idea is wrong. （客观事实，用一般现在）
...proves that it did 35 million years ago. （过去动作，用一般过去）
4. 本单元语法重点提醒
whether/if 互换规则：教材练习明确两者均可 。但在介词后、or not 前、不定式前，只能用 whether（本单元未涉及但重要）。
that 的省略：教材阅读文本中，连接词 that 在许多宾语从句中已省略，写作时可酌情保留以显正式。

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