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新外研版八下Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单
一、核心词汇
1. 名词类（自然与人文）
单词 释义 核心搭配/教材语境
wheat 小麦（不可数） cut the wheat 割小麦；wheat field 麦田
childhood 童年，儿童时代 in one's childhood 在童年；memories of childhood 童年回忆
countryside 乡下，农村 in the countryside 在乡下
province 省 Shandong Province 山东省
wisdom 智慧，知识，学问 ancient wisdom 古老的智慧
arrival 到来 on arrival 一到达就……
calendar 历法；日历 lunar calendar 农历；the 24 Solar Terms 二十四节气
energy 能源；能量 solar energy 太阳能；save energy 节约能源
material 材料 natural materials 天然材料
desert 沙漠，荒漠 in the desert 在沙漠里
environment 生态环境 protect the environment 保护环境
resource （常用pl.）资源 natural resources 自然资源
rainfall 雨量 low rainfall 降雨量低
canal 运河 underground canal 地下运河；The Grand Canal 大运河
shortage 短缺，不足 water shortage 水资源短缺
beekeeping 养蜂 beekeeping industry 养蜂业
villager 村民 local villagers 当地村民
2. 动词类（状态与行为）
单词 释义 词形变化/固定搭配
survive 活下来；幸存 survive in... 在……中生存
charge （使）充电 charge a phone 给手机充电
accord 与某事物相符 accord with 与……一致；according to 据……所示
long 渴望，盼望 long to do sth 渴望做某事
bear （boreborne） 承载；具有 bear social and cultural meanings 承载社会文化意义
lie 存在，在于 lie in 存在于（laylain）
protect 保护 protect the environment 保护环境
3. 形容词/副词类（描述与程度）
单词 词性 释义 词性转换/反义词
sweetly adv. 悦耳动听地 adj. sweet；sing sweetly 悦耳地歌唱
energetic adj. 精力充沛的 n. energy
crazy adj. 疯狂的 sound crazy 听起来很疯狂
underground adj. 地（面）下的 underground water 地下水
especially adv. 尤其 adj. special
safely adv. 安全地 adj. safe；n. safety
probably adv. 很可能 adj. probable
amazingly adv. 惊人地 adj. amazing；v. amaze
below prep. 在……下面 反义词：above
among prep. 在……之中（三者及以上） among the top three 前三名之一
4. 词形变换（高频考点）
原形 词性 派生词 词性 含义
wise adj. wisdom n. 智慧
arrive v. arrival n. 到来
energy n. energetic adj. 精力充沛的
amaze v. amazing/amazingly adj./adv. 惊人的/惊人地
short adj. shortage n. 短缺
long adj. long v. 渴望
protect v. protection n. 保护
二、重点短语
1. 课文核心短语
短语 释义 教材语境/例句
live by 靠……为生 Most of the villagers there lived by farming.
long to do sth 渴望做某事 I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems.
be known as 以…（身份/称号）闻名 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China".
mean so much to sb 对某人意义重大 The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.
bear meanings 承载意义 Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings.
according to 据……所示 According to the laws of nature...
lie in 存在于；在于 The secret lies in the ancient karez system.
no wonder 难怪 No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China.
as long as 和……一样长 That's nearly as long as the Yellow River!
survive in 在……中生存 How do people survive in such a terrible climate
take action to do 采取行动做某事 More and more young people are taking action to protect it.
2. 单元活动/拓展短语
短语 释义 来源
natural resources 自然资源 教材词汇表
in the east of 在……的东部（范围内） Turpan, in the east of Xinjiang
carry into the future 传承到未来 单元短语
cut the wheat 割小麦 教材原句
grow up 长大，成长 I grew up in the countryside.
pick up 捡起；拾起 单元短语
set to begin 即将开始 单元短语
三、重点句型
1. 课标原句精析
句型结构 功能 教材原句 解析
...meant so much to... 表达……对某人意义重大 The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. mean so much to sb 为固定搭配，指“对某人非常重要”。
be known as... 以……著称 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". be known as + 身份/称号；be known for + 特点/原因。
...bear...meanings 承载……意义 Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. bear 此处为及物动词，意为“具有；承载”。
The secret lies in... 秘密在于…… The secret lies in the ancient karez system. lie in 表示抽象意义上的“存在于，在于”。
That's nearly as long as... 那几乎和……一样长 That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! as + adj. + as 同级比较，此处表示长度比较。
No wonder + 句子 难怪…… No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China. no wonder 后接陈述句，表示恍然大悟。
How do people survive in... 人们如何在……生存 How do people survive in such a terrible climate survive in + 环境，表示“在……环境中生存”。
2. 单元写作/表达句型
句型结构 功能 范例
Most of... lived by... 描述生计方式 Most of the villagers there lived by farming.
I longed to do... 表达愿望 I longed to share these feelings in my paintings.
...is among the top... 描述地位 It's among the top three projects of ancient China.
take action to do... 呼吁行动 Young people are taking action to protect it.
四、语法专讲：疑问词引导的宾语从句
本单元语法重点为疑问词（what/when/where/how/why等）引导的宾语从句。这是对第五单元（that/if/whether）的延续和深化 。
1. 连接词的选择
连接词 对应疑问句 表达含义 教材例句
what What is it 什么 （教材无原句，但为高频考点）
when When will... 何时 （教材无原句，但为高频考点）
where Where is... 何地 （教材无原句）
how How does... 如何 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.
why Why does... 为什么 They help people understand why nature works this way.
2. 语法核心规则（必考！）
① 陈述句语序
宾语从句必须使用 “主语 + 谓语” 的陈述句语序，不能保留疑问句的倒装结构。
I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.
I didn't know how would the paintings become popular.
Can you tell me where Mr Smith lives
Can you tell me where does Mr Smith live
② 时态呼应原则
主句时态 从句时态 教材/真题示例
一般现在时 根据实际情况（任意时态） Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting
一般过去时 相应过去时态（主过从过） Father told me Daniel collected some clothes...
一般过去时 过去将来时 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become.
③ 特殊注意
主句为过去时，从句表达客观真理/自然规律时，仍用一般现在时。（本单元讨论二十四节气等自然规律，此点易考！）
连接词在从句中充当成分（作主语/宾语/状语），不可省略。
3. 单元语法真题导向
考查点 典型例题 解题关键
陈述语序 Can you tell me ______ (A. where does he live B. where he lives) 选B：从句用陈述语序
主过从过 Father told me Daniel ______ some clothes. (A. collects B. collected) 选B：主句过去时，从句相应过去时
连接词辨析 The story shows us ______ kindness can bring. (A. what B. that) 选A：what在从句中作bring的宾语
4. 易错点警示（本单元难点）
① as long as 的双重含义
“和……一样长”（本单元课文原义）
That's nearly as long as the Yellow River!
“只要”（引导条件状语从句，非宾语从句）
You can go out as long as you finish your homework.
② among 的用法
用于三者或以上“在……之中”
among the top three / among the members
不可用于两者之间（两者用 between）
③ below 与 under
below: 低于某平面（不一定正下方），反义词 above
below zero 零下
under: 在正下方，反义词 over

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