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新外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单
一、核心词汇 (Key Words)
disaster (灾难) earthquake (地震) flood (洪水)
typhoon / hurricane (台风/飓风) storm (暴风雨) drought (干旱)
wildfire / forest fire (野火/森林火灾) tsunami (海啸) landslide / mudslide (山体滑坡/泥石流)
strike / hit (袭击，发生) shake (摇晃) break out (突然发生)
damage / destroy (破坏/摧毁) wash away (冲走) blow away (吹走)
fall down / collapse (倒塌) hurt / injure (使受伤) save / rescue (拯救)
warning (警报) shelter (避难所) safety (安全)
danger (危险) help (帮助) aid (援助)
victim (受害者) volunteer (志愿者) emergency (紧急情况)
二、重点短语及句型
1. 描述灾害发生
... struck / hit ... (...袭击了...)
A strong earthquake struck the city.
There was a ... (发生了一场...)
There was a big flood last summer.
... broke out. (...突然爆发了。)
A fire broke out in the building.
It happened at ... (time) in ... (place). (它发生在...（时间）的...（地点）。)
2. 描述正在进行的动作（当灾害发生时）
... was/were doing sth when ... happened. (当...发生时，...正在做某事。)
I was sleeping when the earthquake started.
While ... was/were doing sth, ... happened. (正当...在做某事时，...发生了。)
While we were having a lesson, the fire alarm rang.
3. 询问与描述经历
What were you doing when ... (当...时，你正在做什么？)
What happened (发生了什么？)
I saw/heard/felt ... (我看到/听到/感觉到...)
I felt the floor shaking.
I was very scared/frightened. (我非常害怕。)
4. 给出建议与指示
Stay calm. (保持冷静。)
Keep/Drop/Cover/Hold on! (地震应急口诀：蹲下、掩护、抓牢！)
Don’t use the lift/elevator. (不要使用电梯。)
Move to a safe place. (转移到安全的地方。)
Call 110/119/120 for help. (拨打110/119/120求助。)
三、语法知识 (Grammar Focus)
1. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)
功能：表示在过去某一特定时刻或时段正在进行的动作。
结构：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 (V-ing) + 其他.
肯定句：They were watching TV at 8 last night.
否定句：I was not (wasn’t) sleeping at that time.
疑问句：Were you having dinner Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
时间状语：at this/that time yesterday, at 9 o’clock last night, when/while引导的从句。
动词现在分词 (V-ing) 构成规则：
一般加ing：play → playing
以不发音e结尾，去e加ing：take → taking
重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾字母加ing：run → running
2. 连接词 when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句 (Conjunctions: when & while)
when：
可表示“当...时”，从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词或非延续性动词。
从句动作和主句动作可以同时发生，也可以有先后。
When the teacher came in, we were reading. (同时，老师进来时，我们在读书。)
When the earthquake was over, people went out. (先后，地震结束后，人们出去了。)
while：
表示“正当...时”，强调主句和从句的动作同时持续发生。
从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用过去进行时。
While I was walking in the street, I saw an accident. (我正走在街上时，看到了一场事故。)
与过去进行时的搭配：
When + 一般过去时，主句用过去进行时：表示当一个短暂动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
When he called, I was cooking.
While + 过去进行时，主句用一般过去时：表示在一个持续动作的过程中，发生了另一个动作。
While I was cooking, he called.
3. 序数词 (Ordinal Numbers)
用于描述事件的顺序或步骤。
基本构成：基数词 + th (注意 first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 等特殊变化)
First, you should stay calm. Then, find a safe place...
This was the worst disaster in twenty years.
四、交际用语 (Communicative Expressions)
1. 在紧急情况下
Help! (救命！)
Watch out! / Look out! / Be careful! (小心！)
Is everyone OK / Are you hurt (大家都好吗？/ 你受伤了吗？)
I’m OK. / I‘m fine. (我没事。)
2. 讲述个人经历
Let me tell you what happened. (让我告诉你发生了什么。)
It was a terrible experience. (那是一次可怕的经历。)
Luckily / Fortunately, ... (幸运的是...)
Unfortunately, ... (不幸的是...)
3. 表达同情与提供帮助
I’m sorry to hear that. (听到这个我很难过。)
That’s terrible/awful. (那太糟糕了。)
What can I do to help (我能帮忙做点什么？)
Don’t worry. We are with you. (别担心，我们和你在一起。)
五、易错点提示
1. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
过去进行时：强调过去某个时间点或时段“正在”进行的动作（未完成）。
I was doing my homework at 7 yesterday.
一般过去时：表示过去发生的、已完成的动作。
I did my homework last night.
2. when 与 while 在时态搭配上的不同：
while 引导的从句必须用延续性动词，常与进行时态连用。
正确：While I was reading, the phone rang.
错误：While I finished my work, the phone rang. (finish是非延续动词)
when 引导的从句没有此限制。
3. 感观动词 feel, see, hear 在描述经历时的用法：
常用一般过去时，表示当时瞬间的感觉。
I felt the house shake.
I saw people running out.
4. “happen” 的主语通常是“事”，而不是“人”：
正确：The accident happened suddenly.
错误：He happened an accident.

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