资源简介

(共64张PPT)
早读任务
1.7:25-7:35 朗读天学网 B6 U2词汇
2.7:40-7:50 听写词汇P16-17（astronaut-visible）
3.7:50-7:55 记应用文高级词汇
1.influence:impact
坏的影响： ramifications have ramifications on 对......产生（复杂/连锁/负面）后果/影响
2.influence v.:shape塑造;mould 对......影响重大
eg.The experience had moulded and coloured her whole life.
这次经历影响了她的一生。
3.disadvantage:defect;drawback;flaw;shortage;shortcoming;limitation;demerit;weakness
4.meet:encounter;face;be faced with;be confronted with
Off The Hook
Homework
1.Words:P17-21(in view of-agency)
2.P21 B1 B2 P64 C
3.YBG P32
Grammar and usage
Subject clauses
Unit 2
Out of this world
Lead in
James Webb Space Telescope.
What is this in the picture
Do you know any other space telescopes
Hubble Space Telescope
FAST
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope
500米口径球面射电望远镜
China's Sky Eye
Lead-in
What is the Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope is the largest astronomical telescope ever sent into space. It was launched in 1990.
The telescope is to provide astronomers with fascinating new information on the state of the universe. Some of its breakthroughs include the discovery of the unexplained phenomenon of dark energy, evidence of black holes and observations of stars in the last stages of their lives.
What is James Webb Space Telescope
First proposed in 1989, the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021. As a top infrared observatory, it explores early galaxies, star formation and exoplanets to decode the universe’s origins.
系外行星
Lead-in
What is FAST
Read the article on page 20 and fill in the following table.
The use of telescopes to explore space Time Breakthroughs Use
In 1990 (1) ______________ (2) ____________________
(3) __________ The Kepler Telescope (4)____________________
(5) ___________ (6) ________________ To detect communication signals between the stars in the universe
The use of telescopes to explore space Time Breakthroughs Use
In 1990 (1) ______________ (2) ____________________
The Hubble Space Telescope
To see further than ground-based telescopes; to play a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy.
The use of telescopes to explore space Time Breakthroughs Use
(5) ______________ (6) ___________________ To detect communication signals between the stars in the universe
In recent years
FAST
The use of telescopes to explore space Time Breakthroughs Use
(3) _______ The Kepler Telescope (4)_____________________
In 2009
To search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars.
1. 基于地面的(L5)
2. 环绕其它恒星(L9)
3. 迹象是光明的(L10)
4. 单口径射电望远镜(L13)
Useful Expressions
ground-based
orbit other stars
The signs are promising .
the single-dish radio telescope
5. 极端灵敏(L15)
6. 发现交流信号(L15-16)
7. 重要工具(L18)
8. 仅仅被想象所限制(20-21)
Useful Expressions
extraordinary sensibility
detect communication signals
crucial tools
be merely limited by imagination
Find the sentences with subject clauses in the article.
Exploring the rules
1. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, …
2. Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising...
3. It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
4. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. We can use (1) ________ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement. We can use (2) _________ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question. We can use a question word to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh-question.
We often use (3) ________ as the preparatory subject when a subject is very long.
that
Working out the rules
whether
it
Go through the grammar notes on page 95.
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。
根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句的连接词有：
从属连词：that，whether，if
连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，
whatever，whichever，whoever， whomever
连接副词：when，where，why，how
在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。
主语从句须用陈述语序，单个从句作主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
一、不做成分的连词: that/ whether/ if
1. that 不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。
That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes.
2. whether 不做成分，表意思“是否”。
Whether he will come or not is not known yet.
It's uncertain whether/ if he’ll come this evening .
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
主语从句中用 whether 不用 if 的情况：
1. 主语从句位于句首时;
2. 从句后有or或紧跟or not时。
1._______ he'll come this evening is uncertain.
2. It’s uncertain _________ he’ll come this evening.
3. _______ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
Whether
whether/if
Whether
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom(ever) (无论)谁 宾语
whose(ever) (无论)谁的 定语
what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
二、做成分的连词: 连接代词（主语、宾语、表语）
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
三、做成分的连词: 连接副词（状语）
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
四、it作形式主语句型
1. It +be+形容词+that从句 做……是……的
It is clear that the girl told a lie.
2. It+ be+名词(短语))+that从句 据……
It is a pity that your parents didn’t allow you to go shopping.
3. It+ be+过去分词+that从句. 做……是……的
It is suggested that the building (should) be built next year.
4. It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句
It seems that they have made the same mistake.
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
五、主语从句常见易错点
1. that 虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。
That Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.
2. if, whether 都可表示“是否”, 但 if 不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句,它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。
3.主语从句要用陈述句语序。
Where the trees will be planted has not been decided
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
4. 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。
When and where the meeting will be held still remains a question.
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
一个主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
多个主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定
（意义一致原则）。
1. Who won the match __ still unknown.
2. What you said and what you did ____ all right.
3. What she lacks ___ experience.
4. What we need ____ more books.
is
were
is
are
类别 连接词 说明
从属连词
连接代词
连接副词
that, whether
在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；
that无实义，whether表示“是否”。
who, what, which,
whoever, whatever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
when, where, how, why
在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
主语从句
Summary
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive
vehicles,write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this point of view, AI can be friends with humans.
主语从句的解题步骤
1. 划从句
When and where the meeting will be held still remains a question.
一句一主谓，两谓一连词，无连用非谓
2. 补残缺
缺什么意思，就填什么词！
不缺成分
缺成分
连接代词（what, who, which, whom, wh-ever, whose）
缺意思
不缺意思
是否 whether
状语 when/why/where/how
that
Practice
1. ___ is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
2. It is a pity____we won’t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
3. _____ caused the accident is still a mystery.
4. ___ is said that he has gone to Shanghai.
5. It is known to all _____ gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese.
It
that
What
It
that
一、宾语从句概念
在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，常放在及物动词、心理状态的形容词、介词或“及物动词+副词”类型的短语的后面。不管宾语从句的引导词是什么，从句一律用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语（+其他.）”结构。
重点
重点
重点
二、宾语从句的分类
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：及物动词后的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
难点
难点
难点
二、宾语从句的分类
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：及物动词后的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
难点
难点
难点
及物动词的宾语从句
I think that he is right.
She believes that honesty is the best policy.
介词的宾语从句
We talked about what happened yesterday.
It depends on whether the weather is good.
形容词后面的宾语从句
I am sure that he will come.
She was afraid that she might fail the exam.
三、宾语从句的引导词
1).that
2).whether/if
3)what, who, which, whose
4)when, where, why, how
That
1)连接主从 2) 不作成分 3) 没有任何意义 4)可以省略
He said (that) he was excited. 他说他很兴奋。
The child admitted that he stole the cookie. 那孩子承认他偷了饼干。
I know that patience has its limits. 我知道耐心是有限度的。
Whether/if
1) 连接主从 2)不作成分 3) 意为：是否
whether可省略为whether to do结构(if一般不这样)可与or not连用
The boss did not mention whether you were attending the party. 老板没有提到你是否参加聚会。
He seemed undecided whether to go or stay. 他似乎还没有决定去留。
I wonder if I should wear a coat or not. 我不知道该不该穿外套。
What/who/which/whose
1) 连接主从 2)作成分 3) 意为：什么/谁/哪个/谁的包括whatever/whoever/whichever/whom等
Dad cannot remember what Mom wants for Christmas. 爸爸不记得妈妈想要什么圣诞礼物。
My dog will eat whatever food I give him. 我给狗吃什么，它就吃什么。
Did you notice who broke the window 你注意到是谁打破了窗户吗
My coworker hates whoever keeps leaving the photocopier on. 我的同事讨厌老是开着复印机的人。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. 我想知道你就读的是哪所学校。
Choose whichever brand you prefer. 挑选你喜欢的那个品牌
When/where/why/how
1) 连接主从 2)作成分 3) 意为：什么时候/哪里/为什么/怎样包括whenever/wherever等
I asked him when he'd be back to pick me up. 我问他什么时候回来接我
The old man knew where the treasure was kept. 老人知道宝藏藏在哪里。
Tell me why you did it. 告诉我你为什么这样做。
I'll show you how to load the software. 我给你演示一下如何装入这套软件
四、宾语从句的注意事项
1.否定前移
.在动词 think，believe，guess，suppose，be sure，be afraid 等词语之后的宾语从句，主句的否定式是从句否定的转移，主句为第一人称，反意疑问句要依照宾语从句的人称、时态提问。
否定转移 本来否定从句 却把否定放在了主句上
I don’t think you are right, are you
（不可能是 I don’t think you are right, do I 据叶斯柏森（Jesperson）说，I don’t think 之类只是起缓和语气的作用，主要意思在从句上。）
2. 不能省略 that 的宾语从句
句中有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词的宾语从句可以省去 that，其余的宾语从句前的 that 一般都不能省去
本质：如果全省略 就会出现后面的句子到底是宾语从句还是并列句的混和歧义 为避免出现这种情况不能全省
He said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visit it once more. 他说展览非常棒，他还想再看一次。
主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语或主句的状语时，宾语从句前的 that 不能省去。
本质：省略后导致后面句子变成并列句却没有连词的混乱
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our minister was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
就在那时我才注意的我们的部长第一次穿上了他的绿色大衣，戴上了他的丝质黑色礼帽。
在宾语从句中，that 之后紧接作主语或作定语的 that（或 this）时，that 不能省略。
本质：当第一个that省了 就会出现第二个that成为宾语从句引导词而后面从句没有主语的混乱 （名词性从句中that只是引导作用 不做从句成分）
He thought that that would be a good chance for him to go to visit the world-famous scientist. 他认为那可能是他拜访这位世界著名科学家的一次好机会。
介词 except，but，in 等后的宾语从句不能省去 that
特列说明：that引导的宾语从句一般不可做介词宾语 但 except，but，in 属于特例
本质：介词后面常跟 名词 动名词及短语 宾语从句 那么没有that 介词就和从句主语碰撞在一起而出现混乱和歧义
His article is very good except that there are only a few unfit sentences. 他的文章非常好，除了几个不太适合的句子。
3.只能用whether不能用if的情况:
①在介词后面:
I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.
②在动词不定式前:
They asked me whether to go skating.
③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:I don't know whether he's free or not.
④放在句首时:
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.
宾语从句能力提升检测
①、单句语法填空
1．English learning websites provide a list of sources to show __________ their information came from.
2．My dad read a brochure about holidaying in the countryside, so he decided to call and see _________________ we could book a farmhouse.
where
if/whether
宣传册
3．I began my exercise slowly, with just five to ten minutes a day, which is what I recommend ________ everyone aims for at the start.
4．Judy needs to take a lot of time identifying _________ the necklace is something made out of shells or not.
5.Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.”
that
whether
how
The author is excited but also cautious about AI.He uses the example of having a robot do all your work for you and says “How cool that would be!” He also explains how AI could benefit us by listing various applications of AI, such as health care and machine translation. However, while looking forward to its potential, he is clearly concerned about the possible dangers of AI. He asks a series of questions about the future of AI and quotes Stephen Hawking to show the potential dangers. In the conclusion the author also warns, “We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.”
Applying the rules
Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.
1. The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
_____________________________________________________
2. Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how
much time it takes.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depends on how
much time it takes.
It was not clear how long he would stay on the space station.
It is not clear how long he will stay on the space station.
B 1
The author is excited but also cautious about AI.He uses the example of having a robot do all your work for you and says “How cool that would be!” He also explains how AI could benefit us by listing various applications of AI, such as health care and machine translation. However, while looking forward to its potential, he is clearly concerned about the possible dangers of AI. He asks a series of questions about the future of AI and quotes Stephen Hawking to show the potential dangers. In the conclusion the author also warns, “We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.”
4. What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people
back on the Earth.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5. That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
That the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.
What makes the Chinese people happy is that China has
successfully launched a space rocket.
Applying the rules
B 2
The passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Exploration plete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below. There is one clause you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks.
The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Chang’e Program. Run by the China National Space Administration, China’s space agency, it comprises three stages: orbiting, landing and returning.
The program’s first spacecraft, Chang’e 1 lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007. It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. (1) ______ was that Chang’e 2 reached the Moon within just five days. With better techniques and equipment, Chang’e 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese exploration had come. It was evident (2) ________.
e
b
December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecraft’s first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and (3) _______ was plain to see. In January 2019, Chang’e 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon. In December 2020, Chang’e 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, (4) _______ is anybody’s guess.
a
c
a how it laid the foundation for future exploration
b that the data gathered by them provided valuable information
c what advances China will make in the future
d why China is one of the world leaders in space exploration
e What amazed the whole nation in October 2010
Fill in the table
Spacecraft Time of launch Major achievements
Chang’e 1
Chang’e 2
Chang’e 3
Chang’e 4
Chang’e 5
Fill in the table
Spacecraft Time of launch Major achievements
Chang’e 1
Chang’e 2
Chang’e 3
In October 2007
It completed a more detailed scan of the Moon.
It landed on the Moon.
In December 2013
In October 2010
It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon.
Fill in the table
Spacecraft Time of launch Major achievements
Chang’e 4
Chang’e 5
In January 2019
It successfully collected and returned lunar samples.
In December 2020
It succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.
1.超出我们预料
2.月球车
3.包括三个阶段
4.绕，落，回
5.显而易见
6.谁也说不准的事
Useful Expressions on page 21
beyond our expectations
lunar probe
comprise three stages
orbiting, landing and returning
It is evident that...
anybody’s guess
1. That
2. What
3. that
4. that
5. What
6. Whether
7. Where
8. whether
9. Why
10. whoever
C on P64
D
1. where
2. injury
3. However
4. of
5. which
6. What
7. recovery
8. incredibly
1. _____ the factory will employ more new workers is true.
2．Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3. ____ the boy distracts frequently in class is what his teacher wants to know.
4. _____ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
5.The gold medal will be awarded to _______________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
Why
When
That
what
whoever
6. _______ he will come or not is not known yet.
7.One newly uploaded video showed she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom (衣帽间), and the other showcased her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques.
8. _____ the witness said was true.
9.When I started running in my 30s,I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or or not I was athletic.
10.We must make it clear to the public something should be done to stop pollution.
Whether
What
柴房
林间
whether
that
how
1.The research team is debating __________ they should adjust the experimental parameters to obtain more accurate data for the environmental protection project.
2. 2024年全国乙卷（单项填空）
______ surprised us most was that he spoke English so fluently.
3.2023年北京卷（单项填空）
______ you choose to live will change your life greatly.
4.2020年天津卷（语法填空）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said.
5.2021年天津卷（单项填空）It seemed that I had become ______ my parents had wanted me to be.
6.2024年全国甲卷（语法填空）She asked me ______ I had seen her lost dog.
weather
What
Where
what
what
whether/if
7.2022年全国甲卷（阅读理解D篇）We need to figure out ______ we can do to help the children in poor areas.
8. 2021年新高考Ⅱ卷（书面表达改写）
They also need to be ready to answer ______ international journalists may ask about the project.
what
what
11. It is possible ____ caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
12. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
13. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
14. It is often the case ____ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
15. It never occurs to me ___ he should make such great success in his career.
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