2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词 课件(共34张PPT)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词 课件(共34张PPT)

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(共34张PPT)
高考英语
二轮复习核心模块精讲
模块一 名词


docerID:327037375
考情分析
01
知识点讲解
02
典例剖析
03
01
考情分析
01. 考情分析
名词是历年高考的重要考点。近几年高考中,名词部分主要考查:词义辨析、固定搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中,名词常结合其他项目一起考查,考查题型以语法填空、完形填空和短文改错为主。
02
知识点讲解
02. 知识点讲解
一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:如 students、teachers、trees 等。
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:如 glasses、boxes、dishes等。
以-f或-fe 结尾的名词,大都变f或fe为v再加-es:如 selves、leaves、shelves、wolves、thieves、lives、wives、knives等;少数在词尾加-s,如gulfs、roofs、chiefs、beliefs、proofs、cliffs 等。
以-th 结尾的名词,在词尾加-s:如 truths、mouths、months、paths等。
1.可数名词复数的规则变化
02. 知识点讲解
1.可数名词复数的规则变化
以-o结尾的名词,一般在词尾直接加-s:如 radios、videos、zoos、pianos、photos、kilos 等;少数在词尾加-es:如 heroes、potatoes、tomatoes 等。
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es:如 stories、countries、ladies等;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾直接加-s:如 boys、toys、keys 等。
合成词变复数时,一般将主体名词变为复数:如sons-in-law、passers-by等;
合成词中没有主体名词时,将最后一部分变为复数:如storytellers、grown-ups 等。
02. 知识点讲解
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
变内部元音字母:feet、teeth、mice、men、women 等。
单复数同形:deer、sheep、fish、Chinese、Japanese、aircraft、means、species、works、crossroads、headquarters 等。
由两部分构成的东西:glasses、trousers、scissors 等要表达具体数目时,需借助量词 pair(对,双)、suit(套)等,如a pair of glasses、two pairs of trousers 等。
02. 知识点讲解
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
一些名词的复数形式有时可以表示特别的意思:goods(货物)、waters(水域)、ashes(灰烬)、contents(目录)、irons(镣铐)、arms(武器)、belongings(所有物)、earnings(工资)、surroundings(环境)等。
集体名词以单数形式出现,但为复数:people、police、cattle、the English、the British、the French、the Chinese、the Japanese、the Swiss等表示国民总称时。
02. 知识点讲解
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
以-s结尾,但不可以看作复数的名词:
maths(数学)、physics(物理学)、politics(政治)、economics(经济学)等学科名词,一般是不可数名词。
news是不可数名词。
the United States 和 the United Nations 视为单数。
以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名等视为单数。
特殊名词变化
02. 知识点讲解
crisis—crises basis—bases
analysis—analyses datum—data
bacterium—bacteria alumnus—alumni
criterion—criteria
phenomenon—phenomena
02. 知识点讲解
有主体名词——将主体名词变为复数
housewife——housewives passer-by——passers-by
editor in chief——editors in chief
无主体名词——在最后+s:grown-up—grown-ups
含man/woman——在词尾:man/woman变复数;前置,各部分都变复数
firewoman—firewomen man doctor—men doctors
复合名词变化
Exercise
1. Could you pass the ______ (knife) to me We need them to cut apples.
2. These ________ (quality) have allowed her to overcome her physical limitations.
3. Some of his best _________ (memory) are travelling to other countries with his father.
4. The University of Cambridge, founded in 1209, is home to a great number of outstanding ________ (figure).
5. The heavy snow caused the _____ (roof) of many greenhouses for growing vegetables in Shenyang to be damaged.
knives
qualities
memories
figures
roofs
02. 知识点讲解
常见的不可数名词
advice 建议 equipment 设备 change 零钱
baggage/luggage 行李 information 信息 fun 乐趣
furniture 家具 health 健康 jewellery 珠宝
luck 运气 music 音乐 news 新闻
progress 进步 weather 天气 work 工作
02. 知识点讲解
3.不可数名词数量的表示
“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构可以表示不可数名词的数量,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但 of 后的名词无复数形式:
a piece of chalk /jewelry /news /meat /bread /furniture /equipment /luggage /clothing /information /thread /advice /music /paper
02. 知识点讲解
4.不可数名词转化为可数名词
当抽象名词表示具体的事时,其前可以用冠词:
pleasure(快乐;乐事)、surprise(惊奇;意想不到的事)、success(成功;成功的事物/人)、invention(发明;发明物)、achievement(完成;成就;成绩)、danger(危险;危险因素;危险的人)、failure(失败;失败的事物/人)、comfort (安慰;令人感到安慰的事/人)
当表示“一场/件/种……”,要用a/an,此时多用形容词或者of短语进行修饰:
a long time;a heavy rain
02. 知识点讲解
5.作定语的名词的数
一般用名词的单数形式作定语:a steel bridge(一座钢桥)、a street light(一盏街灯)、a coffee cup(一个咖啡杯)、an evening paper(一份晚报)。
名词的复数形式也可以作定语: sports meeting(运动会)、students reading
当有些以-s结尾的名词作定语时,-s要保留:goods train(货车)、customs papers(海关文件)、clothes brush(衣刷)等。
当“数词+名词”作定语时,如果有连字符,名词用单数;如果没有连字符,名词用复数加“’”: a ten-mile walk/ten miles’ walk(十英里路)
Exercise
1. Evidence of a link between ________ (expose) to the sun and skin cancer has been found.
2. He tends to explore more with the __________ (expand) of interest in science.
3. In today's Information Age, the ______ (lose) of data can cause serious problems.
4. The only true ________ (fail) is not to try, because your effort in itself is a success.
5. Gone are the days when seafood ___________ (consume) was a luxury for Chinese people.
exposure
expansion
loss
failure
consumption
02. 知识点讲解
6.名词的数量修饰语
只能修饰可数名词复数 both两者都、few 很少、a few 有些、these 这些、those那些、a good many很多、dozens of 许多、a (large) number of大量、many 许多、scores of大量
只能修饰不可数名词 little 几乎没有、a little一点儿、much许多、abit of一点儿、a (great) deal of大量、a large amount of 大量
既可修饰可数名词复数,又可修饰不可数名词 any任何、all 全部、half 半数、most大多数、some一些、masses of大量、a collection of 一批、a lot of/lots of/plenty of许多、a (large) quantity of/ quantities of 大量
02. 知识点讲解
7.名词所有格—— -'s所有格
单数名词 加-’s my father’s wish 我父亲的心愿、Dick’s new idea 迪克的新想法
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词 加-’或-’s Dickens’(s) novels狄更斯的小说
my boss’(s) hat 我老板的帽子
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词 加-’ Teachers’ Day教师节、two hours’ reading 两个小时的阅读
不以-s或-es 结尾的复数名词 加-’s Children’s Day儿童节、women’s clothes 女装
复合名词或名词短语 在最后一个 词词尾加-’s an hour and a half’s talk一个半小时的谈话
02. 知识点讲解
7.名词所有格—— of所有格
用法 举例
表示所属关系 the door of the room 房间的门、the opinion of the majority 大多数人的意见
表示主谓关系 the arrival of Tom 汤姆的到来、the departure of the train火车的驶出
表示动宾关系 waste of time 浪费时间、the destruction of the rain forest 对雨林的毁坏
表示同位关系 the city of Shanghai 上海市、in the year of 2016 在2016年
02. 知识点讲解
7.名词所有格—— 双重所有格
of 短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的词:
a(n)、one、some、several、a few、many、any、no 等。
不能与定冠词the连用。双重所有格表示整体中的一部分。
She is a friend of Stephen’s.
她是斯蒂芬的一个朋友。(强调众多朋友中的一个)
Exercise
1. Wang Ming is a native _____ Wuhan.
2. It’s never just one ________ (person) fault.
3. We need to promote an open exchange _____ ideas and information.
4. It’s about 5 __________ (minute) walk from my home to the school.
5. The famous _________ (artist) works are on display in our city’s museum.
of
person’s
of
minutes’
artist’s
03
典例剖析
1.【2025年全国一卷】In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘___________ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
03. 典例剖析
答案:guidance。解析:名词。空处在物主代词your之后,需要一个名词作follow的宾语,表示“引导”,故填guidance。
2.【2025年浙江1月卷】Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ___________ (solve) to one-time event dressing.
03. 典例剖析
答案:solution。解析:名词。空处作 providing的宾语,其前有冠词和形容词修饰,故填名词solution。
3. 【2025年全国二卷】The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ___________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
03. 典例剖析
答案:absence。解析:此处为“the +名词+of...”结构,空处应用所给词的名词形式,故填absence。句意:在我住的地方,晒干的衣物散发着特别的香味,这要归功于没有雾霾和大量蓝色天空的下午,还有大量的新鲜空气。
4. 【2025年全国二卷】The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ___________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
03. 典例剖析
答案:afternoons。解析:名词复数。根据前文的“plenty of”可知,这里afternoon要用复数形式,应填afternoons。
5. 【2025年浙江1月卷】As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ___________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
答案:times。解析:名词复数。time在此意为“次,回”,是可数名词,其前有fewer修饰,故填复数形式times。
6. 【2025年浙江1月卷】“I really want to make this work for ___________ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
03. 典例剖析
答案:people’s。解析:空处修饰名词lives,应用名词所有格形式,故填people’s,表示“人们的”。
7. 【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】These plants included modern Western ___________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
03. 典例剖析
答案:favourites 解析:考查名词。modern Western是形容词,此处应用名词;favourite是可数名词,应用名词复数。故填favourites。
8.【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】...brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __________ (rich) of gardening in England.
答案:richness 解析:考查名词。根据 the 和 of 可知,此处应用名词;rich的名词形式为richness,是不可数名词。故填richness。
Exercise
1.【2024年全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ___________ (complete) of their journey.
2.【2023年新课标II卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
completion
arrival
Exercise
3. 【2022年全国乙卷】As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a _____________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
4.【2024年新课标I卷】These plants included modern Western ___________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
responsibility
favourites
Exercise
5.【2024年新课标II卷】Although they could never have met, there are common ________ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
6.【2024年全国甲卷】They are ___________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
7.【2022年新课标II卷】“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
themes
treasures
son’s
See you next class!

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