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十大词类和八种句子成分
PART 1
一、十大词类
一句话记住十大词类
Wow! The beautiful girl gave two kisses to him and run away quickly!
口诀助记十大词:________________________________________
感叹词
冠词
形容词
名词
动词
数词
名词
介词
代词
连词
动词
副词
副词
动名形副，介冠代连，感叹和数
一、十大词类
分类 名称 词性 意义 重要考点
实词 （有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分） 名词 n. 命名万事万物：分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词可分为__________和__________ 可数名词变复数、常见不可数名词、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化
代词 pron. 代名词： __________、 __________、 __________、 _______ ________等 各种代词的用法；it的用法
动词 v. 表动作或状态：包括 __________、 __________、__________和 __________ 谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；非谓语动词
形容词 adj. 修饰__________或__________ 形容词变副词；形容词、
副词的比较级和最高级；
动词、名词变形容词；
易混形容词，副词辨析
副词 adv. 修饰__________、__________、__________或__________ 数词 num. 表数量/顺序：分为 __________和 __________ 基数词和序数词的用法
可数名词
不可数名词
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
指示代词
行为动词/实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
名词
代词
动词
形容词
另外一个副词
整个句子
基数词
序数词
不定代词
一、十大词类
分类 名称 缩写 意义 重要考点
虚词（无实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分） 介词 prep. 介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面 介词的用法及固定搭配
连词 conj. 分为 __________和 __________ 并列连词和从属连词的用法
冠词 art. 用于 _________前 或“形容词修饰的名词”， 帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词 冠词的用法及搭配
感叹词 int. 表语气 了解
实词可以____________________，虚词不可以____________________ 名词
动名词doing
代词
宾语从句
并列连词
从属连词
名词
单独做句子成分
单独做句子成分
1. Young __________(child) sat under a tree with green __________(leaf) and talked about their dreams. Some __________(student) dream was that they hoped they would became great __________(music).
2. Mr. Zhang is __________(we) English teacher and he always helps__________(I) learn English patiently. He taught __________(he) when he was young. I consider him a friend of __________(I).
3. The boy’s father __________(pass) away two years ago, __________(leave) him a great sum of money.
4. In the past few years, great changes __________(take) place in our hometown.
一、十大词类
children
leaves
students’
musicians
our
himself
me
mine
passed
leaving
have taken
5.__________(unlucky), the old man was __________(serious) hurt in the accident. But doctors were__________ (amaze) that the man recovered much _______ (quickly) than expected..
6.__________(hundred) of guests gathered to celebrate the old man’s_______ (ninety-nine) birthday. Although the old man was in his __________(ninety), he was in good health.
7.________a cold morning, a group ____ policemen searched the forest ________the murderer（杀人犯）.
8.They searched everywhere __________still couldn’t find the murder __________ killed the woman.
9.As______ university student, I was moved by________movie My people, My country《我和我的祖国》.
一、十大词类
Hundreds
of
nineties
On
for
but
a
ninety-ninth
who/that
the
Unluckily
seriouly
amazed
more quickly
PART 2
二、八大句子成分
一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分
I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.
口诀助记八大句子成分:
_____________________________________________
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
宾补
状语
主
谓语（系动词）
表语
句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表，定状补，还要加上同位语。
二、八大句子成分的符号和缩写
主语S
谓语V
宾语O
表语P
定语Att.
状语A.
补语C
同位语App.
一、主语
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
We often speak English in class.
One-third of the students in this class are girls.
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
Smoking does harm to the health.
The rich should help the poor.
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
结论：概念：主语是“动作的发出者” 或”表述的对象
位置：通常句首
词性：名词、代词、数词、to do,doing, 从句等。
二、谓语
He practices running every morning.
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
We were beaten by their team.
The plane took off at 10’clock.
We are students.
结论：概念：谓语是句子的灵魂，用来”陈述主语的状态“
或 “表明主语发出的动作“
位置：一般在主语之后
词性：动词
构成：简单谓语（实义动词或动词短语）
复合谓语（情态动词+动词原形 或 助动词+实义动词）
三、表语
Please keep quiet.（系动词）
He seems to be right.（系动词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
Three times seven is twenty one（数词）
His hobby is playing football.（doing）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（从句）
结论：只存在主系表结构中
概念：说明主语的性质、状态等。
位置：位于系动词之后
词性：名词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、从句，to do，doing等
四、宾语
Could you please bring me a book
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
4. He pretended not to see me.
6. I enjoy listening to popular music.
结论：
概念：动作的承受者
位置：常位于及物动词或者介词之后
词性：名词类、代词类、数词、形容词、to do,doing从句等。
double objects（双宾语）
1.He gives me a smile.
2.I passed him a book.
间接宾语+直接宾语= 双宾语
（1）v. + （指人）间接宾语+ （指物)直接宾语
（2）结构：v.+sb.+sth.= v.+sth.to/for sb.
间接宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
常见的接 双宾语 的授予动词：
buy, sell, send, give, lend, borrow, show, teach, bring, tell, pay, offer等
五、补语
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
结论：
概念：补充说明 主语或宾语
分类：宾语补足语和主语补足语
词性：名词类、形容词、数词、介词短语、to do、doing、done等。
complex object（复合宾语）
1.His words made me a lot more relaxed.
2.I heard him singing.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语
宾语+宾语补足语 = 复合宾语
（1）宾补位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的成分
（2）结构：v +sb+（to)do/doing/done/adj/adv/名词短语/介词短语
常见的接 复合宾语 的感官动词：
see/watch/notice/observe/look at,
let/make/have, hear/listen to, feel
doing
+sb. do
done
Double objects or complex object (1双宾语还是2宾补？）
1. Mary lent me her car.
2. They elected him monitor.
3. David showed me the way.
4. I sent him an email.
5. My father had the car repaired yesterday.
6.I will invite you to pay a visit to the Chinese paper-cutting.
7.Please allow me to bring you the Chinese painting.
8. I find it useful to read English every morning.
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
Tips:
1 看是否为授予动词
2 看是否补充说明了宾语
二、八大句子成分
定语：修饰名词或代词, 如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
The boy under the tree is Tom
The boy crying over there is my sister.
The man who visited our class yesterday is an expert.
形容词
介词短语
动名词
从句
结论：
作用：修饰名词 或 代词
词性：名词类、形容词、介词短语、to do、doing、done. 从句等。
二、八大句子成分
状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子, 说明动作的1时间、
2地点、3目的、4原因、5结果、6条件、7方式、8程度、9让步、10伴随等
He does his homework carefully in his study every morning.
Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
She studies hard to get good grades.
The boy is very strong and runs extremely fast.
Even though it was raining, they went out.
Walking down the street, she saw an old friend.
方式状语
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
目的状语
程度状语
结论：
作用：修饰动词，形容词 ，副词 或整个句子
词性：名词，副词、介词短语、to do、doing、done. 从句等。
让步状语
伴随状语
二、八大句子成分
同位语：当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Miss. Yang, my English teacher, is very strict.
We Chinese people are hardworking.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
The idea that I can be a millionaire is impossible.
解释说明人名
解释说明news内容
结论：
作用：解释说明 另一个句子成分
词性：名词，副词、介词短语、to do、doing、done. 从句等。
解释说明人
解释说明idea内容
二、八大句子成分
主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
I am an exchange student from the UK.
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
To start my won company is my dream.
That he isn’t at home is not true.
It is useful to learn English.
The rich are not always happy.
How to learn English well troubles me.
代词
动名词doing
不定式to do
主语从句
it 作形式主语
the+形容词表一类人
疑问词+不定式
二、八大句子成分
谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后
He practises speaking English everyday.
He is an excellent teacher.
My sister is crying over there.
I would stay at home all day.
行为动词
系动词
系动词+ doing
情态动词+行为动词原形/系动词原形
二、八大句子成分
宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后
He wrote a letter to me.
I want to visit the museum.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think that he is fit for the job.
I find it hard to learn English.
We should help the poor.
I don’t know where to go.
名词
不定式to do
动名词doing 短语
宾语从句
it作形式宾语
the+形容词表一类人
疑问词+不定式todo
表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态
I’m a freshman at senior high school.
The food tastes good.
The machine is under repair.
My dream is to be an English teacher.
My hobby is playing football.
The news is exciting. I feel excited.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The war was over.
二、八大句子成分
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
动名词doing
现在分词doing/过去分词done
表语从句
副词
二、八大句子成分
补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明
His father named him Goudan.
The news makes him sad.
We found everything in good order.
It allows people to get close to nature ./ It makes us cry.
We saw her entering the room.
I found my money stolen.
名词
形容词
介词短语
不定式
形容词
动名词/现在分词
过去分词
二、八大句子成分
定语：修饰名词或代词, 如果定语是一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；但
如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语
Guilin is a beautiful city.
The boy under the tree is Tom
The boy crying over there is my sister.
The man who visited our class yesterday is an expert.
形容词
介词短语
动名词
定语从句
二、八大句子成分
状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子, 说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征
He does his homework carefully in his study every morning.
Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
Anna had a terrible accident when she was six.
The boy is very strong and runs extremely fast.
方式状语
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
时间状语
程度状语
二、八大句子成分
英语句子成分歌（RAP）
英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在；
补语跟着宾语跑， 定语同位把名词踹。
状语的位置自由自在， 忽左忽右随心摇摆。
它的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜还会加塞。
练习
1.读句子并说出单词的词性和句子的成分。
I am Li Hua, a boy of 16. I like music very much because I have been fond of singing since I was a child. I find it interesting to teach myself music in my spare time.
练习
2.分析划线部分的句子成分并把句子翻译成汉语。
1. Recently I have carried out a survey among the students in our class.
2. One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future.
3. Music can make our mind peaceful after a whole day of tiring work.
4. The meeting held yesterday was important.
5. Every day he was forced to work from morning till night.
6. Word came that the mayor(市长) would pay a visit to our school next week.
Analyse the sentence structure判断句子结构
Plants need water.
We should keep the plants in the shade.
He asked me to get back soon.
Last week I went to the supermarket.
He always leaves his girlfriend waiting for a long time.
I looked at the young woman angrily
He has already visited a great number of different places.
To learn English is not easy.
His wish was to become a scientist.
He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
Lucy asked me to turn down the radio.
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+O+C
S+V+O+O.C.
S+V+O+O.C.
S+V+O+O.C.+O
S+V+O+O.C
S+V+O+O.C.
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+P
PART 3
英语语法
词法：词类，词性及其功能、用法
句法
简单句：结构、用法
并列句：结构、用法
复合句：结构、用法
Types of Sentence Structure
句法
简单句
并列句Compound Sentences
复合句
Simple Sentences
Complex Sentences
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语构成的句子
又称主从复合句。由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
1.I know the girl who has long straight hair.
2.I saw a white-haired man.
3.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
4. Her child was ill so she didn’t go to work today.
5.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
6.I can hear the children singing in the classroom.
.
复合句
复合句
简单句
并列句
并列句
简单句

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