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高考语法专题复习一
非谓语动词（二）
考点4　非谓语动词作补足语
1.不定式作宾语补足语
(1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语
常见的有ask,invite,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise, order,force,cause,allow,permit,forbid,warn,remind,teach,call on,wait for,would like/love/prefer等表示劝请、要求的动词(短语)。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语
常用动词(主动语态中)有使役动词(make,let,have)和感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear,notice)。
【点津】
(1)有些动词,如:think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand等后常用to be作宾语补足语或主语补足语。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done结构中,用不定式作主语补足语。
The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道,那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.现在分词作宾语补足语
表示主动、进行。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的有feel,find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,get,have,keep,leave,set,listen to,look at等。
I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.
今天早上醒来时,我听见钟敲了八下。
After I arrived in America,I found myself living in a completely foreign culture.
当我到达美国后,我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语
表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的有have,make,get,find,see, notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等。
I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
我发现自己被一阵强风刮到海上去了。
4.用于with复合结构
with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表示将来)。
He sat there,with his eyes looking at the sky.
他坐在那里,眼睛看着天空。
With his mind concentrated on his work,he didn’t notice my appearance.
他专心于工作,没有注意到我的外表。
With much work to do this afternoon,Jack left hurriedly.
由于今天下午还有很多工作要做,杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。
5.常用不定式作主语补足语的句型
Sb/Sth be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought +to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他.
He is said to have gone abroad.
=It is said that he has gone abroad.
据说他出国了。
Heat is considered to be a form of energy.
热能被认为是一种能量形式。
You’re supposed to pay the bill by Friday.
你应该在星期五前付账。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①FRBs mostly only appear once,which makes them very hard_______ 　　　　　　　(track).
②This unforgettable site consists of 135 hectares of vineyards,with a charming European-style castle___________(locate) in the seemingly endless greenery.
③Saihanba’s success has allowed this “miracle on earth”___________ 　　　　　　　　(copy) across the country.
to track
located
to be copied
考点5　非谓语动词作宾语
1.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语有suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice, allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss, insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to 等。
We don’t allow diving in the pool.泳池内不准跳水。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语有wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise, pretend,manage,plan,fail,choose,would like 等。
Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.
你父亲终于决定戒烟了。
【点津】
如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
I find it impossible to change her idea.
我发现不可能改变她的想法。
3.下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.
我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
增加工资意味着增加购买力。
4.“疑问词+不定式”结构
动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
I didn’t know how to get back to the village.
我不知道怎样回到村子。
Experience tells you what to do;confidence allows you to do it.
经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①This could prevent the fries 　　　　　　(get) wet and rotting away during the 5-8 weeks’ journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
②List all of the tasks that you need 　　　　　　　　　(accomplish).
③A 10-year-old boy,Vidyun R Hebbar,has won a prestigious (有声望的) international wildlife photography competition for his shot of a spider’s__________ (make) its web in the light of a passing tuk-tuk.
getting
to accomplish
making
考点6　非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。
(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。
(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:
It+be+adj.(+of/for sb)+to do sth;
It+be+名词词组+to do sth;
It+be+n./adj.+doing sth
It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
辩论这事是浪费时间。
It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.
经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。
注意:现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①It is believed that 　　　　　　(receive) Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is effective for coughs,asthma,and arthritis.
②Secondly,　　　　　　(be) in China during the Spring Festival is an absolutely amazing event.
③China’s first large home-made cruise ship(游轮), roughly the height of a 25-story building,is 　　　　　　(schedule) to be delivered to its user around the end of this year.
receiving
being
scheduled
thank you ！

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