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外研版八年级下册 Unit 6 Living with nature 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. live /l v/ v. 生活；居住；生存（短语：live with nature 与自然共生；live in harmony 和谐共处）
2. nature / ne t (r)/ n. 大自然；自然界；本性（短语：protect nature 保护自然；the power of nature 大自然的力量）
3. harmony / hɑ m ni/ n. 和谐；融洽（短语：in harmony with 与……和谐相处）
4. natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的；天然的（短语：natural environment 自然环境；natural resources 自然资源）
5. environment / n va r nm nt/ n. 环境（短语：protect the environment 保护环境；ecological environment 生态环境）
6. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护；防护（短语：protect sb./sth. from 保护……免受……伤害）
7. protect 的名词形式：protection /pr tek n/ n. 保护；防护
8. save /se v/ v. 拯救；节约；保存（短语：save animals 拯救动物；save water 节约用水）
9. save 的名词形式：safety / se fti/ n. 安全；平安
10. pollute /p lu t/ v. 污染；弄脏
11. pollute 的名词形式：pollution /p lu n/ n. 污染（短语：air pollution 空气污染；water pollution 水污染）
12. waste /we st/ v. 浪费；滥用 n. 浪费；废弃物（短语：waste water 浪费水；rubbish waste 垃圾废弃物）
13. recycle / ri sa kl/ v. 回收利用；再利用（短语：recycle waste 回收废弃物；recycle paper 回收纸张）
14. reuse / ri ju z/ v. 重新使用；再次利用
15. reduce /r dju s/ v. 减少；降低（短语：reduce pollution 减少污染；reduce waste 减少浪费）
16. plant /plɑ nt/ v. 种植；栽培 n. 植物（短语：plant trees 种树；green plants 绿色植物）
17. tree /tri / n. 树；树木（短语：a big tree 大树；forest trees 林木）
18. forest / f r st/ n. 森林；林区（短语：forest protection 森林保护；a thick forest 茂密的森林）
19. ocean / n/ n. 海洋；大海（短语：ocean pollution 海洋污染；the sea and ocean 海洋）
20. river / r v (r)/ n. 河；江（短语：river water 河水；clean the river 清理河流）
21. earth / θ/ n. 地球；大地（短语：the Earth 地球；protect the earth 保护地球）
22. world /w ld/ n. 世界；全球（短语：the whole world 全世界；save the world 拯救世界）
23. human / hju m n/ adj. 人的；人类的 n. 人类（短语：human beings 人类；human activity 人类活动）
24. activity / k t v ti/ n. 活动；行动（复数：activities；短语：outdoor activities 户外活动；human activities 人类活动）
25. destroy /d str / v. 破坏；毁坏（短语：destroy the forest 破坏森林；destroy the environment 破坏环境）
26. damage / d m d / v.&n. 损害；损坏（短语：do damage to 对……造成损害）
27. rare /re (r)/ adj. 稀有的；珍贵的（短语：rare animals 珍稀动物；rare plants 珍稀植物）
28. endangered / n de nd d/ adj. 濒临灭绝的（短语：endangered species 濒危物种）
29. die /da / v. 死；死亡（短语：die out 灭绝；die from 死于……）
30. die 的名词形式：death /deθ/ n. 死亡；消亡
31. care /ke (r)/ v.&n. 关心；照顾（短语：care for 关心；爱护；take care of 照顾）
32. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 有责任的；负责的（短语：be responsible for 对……负责）
33. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 责任；职责（短语：take responsibility 承担责任）
34. low /l / adj. 低的；矮的（短语：low carbon 低碳的；low price 低价）
35. carbon / kɑ b n/ n. 碳（短语：low carbon 低碳；carbon dioxide 二氧化碳）
36. energy / en d i/ n. 能量；能源（短语：save energy 节约能源；green energy 绿色能源）
37. clean /kli n/ adj. 干净的；清洁的 v. 打扫；清理（短语：clean energy 清洁能源；clean the street 打扫街道）
38. change /t e nd / v.&n. 改变；变化（短语：change the world 改变世界；environmental change 环境变化）
39. act / kt/ v. 行动；做事 n. 行为（短语：act now 立即行动；take action 采取行动）
40. important / m p tnt/ adj. 重要的（短语：be important for 对……重要；an important thing 一件重要的事）
二、重点短语
1. live with nature 与自然共生
2. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
3. protect nature 保护自然
4. protect the environment 保护环境
5. protect sb./sth. from sth. 保护……免受……伤害
6. save endangered animals 拯救濒危动物
7. save water/energy 节约用水/能源
8. reduce pollution 减少污染
9. reduce waste 减少浪费
10. recycle paper and plastic 回收纸和塑料
11. reuse the old things 重复利用旧物
12. plant trees and flowers 种树栽花
13. stop polluting the river 停止污染河流
14. air/water/soil pollution 空气/水/土壤污染
15. low carbon life 低碳生活
16. live a low carbon life 过低碳生活
17. save the earth 拯救地球
18. human beings 人类
19. human activities 人类活动
20. endangered species 濒危物种
21. die out 灭绝；消失
22. do damage to the environment 对环境造成损害
23. destroy the forest 破坏森林
24. natural resources 自然资源
25. ecological environment 生态环境
26. be responsible for the environment 对环境负责
27. take responsibility for 对……承担责任
28. care for living creatures 关爱生物
29. act now 立即行动
30. make a difference 产生影响；带来改变
31. keep the environment clean 保持环境清洁
32. cut down trees 砍伐树木
33. save the world 拯救世界
34. green energy 清洁能源
35. work together 共同努力
三、重点句型
1. It’s our duty to live in harmony with nature and protect the environment.
（与自然和谐共处、保护环境是我们的责任。）
2. Human beings can’t live without nature, so we must care for it.
（人类离开自然无法生存，所以我们必须爱护它。）
3. We should protect the endangered animals from being killed and help them live in peace.
（我们应该保护濒危动物免受杀害，帮助它们平静生活。）
4. Air pollution and water pollution are harmful to all living creatures on the earth.
（空气污染和水污染对地球上所有的生物都有害。）
5. If we cut down too many trees, we will destroy the homes of many wild animals.
（如果我们砍伐太多树木，我们会破坏许多野生动物的家园。）
6. We need to reduce waste, recycle rubbish and reuse old things to live a low carbon life.
（我们需要减少浪费、回收垃圾、重复利用旧物，过低碳生活。）
7. Many rare animals are in danger of dying out because of human activities.
（由于人类的活动，许多珍稀动物面临灭绝的危险。）
8. Planting more trees can not only make the air clean, but also protect the soil from being washed away.
（种更多的树不仅能净化空气，还能保护土壤不被冲走。）
9. Everyone should be responsible for the environment and do something to protect it.
（每个人都应该对环境负责，做些事情来保护它。）
10. —What can we do to live with nature in harmony
—We can save water, plant trees and stop polluting the environment.
（—我们能做些什么来与自然和谐共处？—我们可以节约用水、种树，停止污染环境。）
11. If we act now and work together, we can make a big difference to the environment.
（如果我们立即行动、共同努力，我们就能对环境产生巨大的影响。）
12. Don’t waste water or electricity, because they are important natural resources.
（不要浪费水和电，因为它们是重要的自然资源。）
13. The government is taking action to reduce pollution and protect the ecological environment.
（政府正在采取行动减少污染，保护生态环境。）
14. We should tell more people about the importance of living with nature in harmony.
（我们应该告诉更多人与自然和谐共处的重要性。）
15. Living a low carbon life is a good way to protect nature and save the earth.
（过低碳生活是保护自然、拯救地球的好方法。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. protect & save
词汇 词性 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
protect 动词 保护、防护，指采取措施使某人/某物免受伤害、破坏 侧重“防护，免受伤害”，后常接from We should protect the forest from being destroyed.
save 动词 拯救、挽救、节约，指使某人/某物脱离危险，或节约资源 侧重“拯救脱离危险；节约”，后接具体对象 We need to save the endangered pandas from dying out. / Save water in daily life.
2. pollute (v) & pollution (n) & polluted (adj)
词汇 词性 含义与用法 搭配/例句
pollute 动词 污染、弄脏，指人的行为对环境造成污染 搭配：pollute the air/water；例句：Factories shouldn’t pollute the river.
pollution 名词 污染，指污染的状态或现象，不可数 搭配：air/water pollution；reduce pollution；例句：We must fight against environmental pollution.
polluted 形容词 被污染的，指被弄脏、受污染的事物 搭配：polluted water/air；例句：We can’t drink the polluted river water.
3. destroy & damage
词汇 词性 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
destroy 动词 破坏、毁坏、摧毁，指彻底破坏，无法修复 程度重，“彻底毁坏” The big fire destroyed the whole forest last year.
damage 动词/名词 损害、损坏，指局部损坏，可修复；也可指损害的程度 程度轻，“局部损坏”，可与do搭配 The storm damaged many houses in the village. / The accident did little damage to the car.
4. die & die out & die from
词汇/短语 词性/用法 含义 适用场景 例句
die 动词 死、死亡，指生命的终结 个体生命的死亡 The old tree died after the heavy rain.
die out 动词短语 灭绝、消失，指物种、习俗等彻底消失 物种、家族、习俗等的消亡 Many ancient animals died out millions of years ago.
die from 动词短语 死于……，指因外部原因（事故、污染、疾病）死亡 后接外部死亡原因 Some birds die from air pollution every year.
5. change & alter
词汇 词性 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
change 动词/名词 改变、变化，通用词，指事物在形态、性质、状态上的改变，可大可小 适用范围广，可指任何形式的改变 We need to change our living habits to protect the environment.
alter 动词 改变、更改，指局部的、轻微的改变，不改变事物本质 局部、轻微改变，正式用词 The factory altered its production way to reduce pollution.
6. live & live with & live in
词汇/短语 用法 含义 搭配 例句
live 动词 生活、居住、生存 live a ... life；live on the earth We live a happy life in the small town.
live with 动词短语 与……共处；忍受 live with sb./sth. We should learn to live with nature in harmony.
live in 动词短语 居住在……（某地） live in + 地点 Many wild animals live in the deep forest.
五、重点语法
1. 状语从句（核心：条件/目的状语从句）
（1）条件状语从句
- 引导词：if（如果）、unless（除非，如果不）、as long as（只要）
- 核心用法：遵循“主将从现” 原则——主句用一般将来时/情态动词（will/should/must/can），从句用一般现在时；unless = if not，可相互转换。
- 本单元场景：描述人类行为对自然的影响，提出环保的条件要求。
- 例句：
If we plant more trees, the air will become cleaner.（如果我们种更多树，空气会变得更干净。）
Unless we stop polluting the water, many fish will die.（如果我们不停止污染水源，很多鱼会死去。）
As long as we work together, we can protect the earth well.（只要我们共同努力，我们就能保护好地球。）
（2）目的状语从句
- 引导词：so that（为了，以便）、in order that（为了，正式）
- 核心用法：从句中常搭配情态动词（can/could/may/might/should），表动作的目的。
- 本单元场景：描述环保行为的目的，如保护生物、改善环境等。
- 例句：
We plant more trees so that we can make the environment better.（我们种更多的树，为了让环境变得更好。）
We save water so that all living creatures can live better.（我们节约用水，为了让所有生物都能更好地生存。）
2. 情态动词的用法拓展（should/must/ought to/had better）
本单元核心用于提出环保的建议、责任和要求，语气由轻到重依次为：had better < should < ought to < must
1. should / ought to：应该，表“建议、责任”，ought to 语气比should稍正式，后均接动词原形。
例句：We should save energy in our daily life. / We ought to be responsible for the environment.
2. must：必须，表“强制的责任、义务”，语气最强烈。
例句：We must stop cutting down too many trees.
3. had better：最好，表“委婉的建议”，后接动词原形，否定式为had better not。
例句：You had better not waste water when you wash your hands.
3. 非谓语动词（V-ing作伴随状语/过去分词作定语）
（1）动名词（V-ing）作伴随状语
- 结构：主句 + V-ing 短语，表主句动作发生时，伴随发生另一个动作。
- 本单元场景：描述环保行为的伴随状态，如“种树时唱歌”“清理河流时聊天”。
- 例句：
We walk to school saving energy every day.（我们每天步行上学，节约能源。）
They are cleaning the river talking and laughing.（他们正清理河流，有说有笑。）
（2）过去分词（done）作定语
- 结构：done + 名词，修饰名词，表“被……的”，与所修饰名词是被动关系。
- 本单元高频搭配：polluted water/air（被污染的水/空气）；destroyed forest（被破坏的森林）；endangered animals（濒临灭绝的动物）
- 例句：
We should not drink the polluted water.（我们不应该喝被污染的水。）
The destroyed forest needs to be planted with new trees.（被破坏的森林需要重新种树。）
4. 祈使句（环保倡议核心句式）
（1）肯定祈使句：动词原形 + 其他
例句：Plant more trees!（多种树！）Save water and electricity!（节约用水和电！）
（2）否定祈使句：Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 / No + V-ing
例句：Don’t pollute the environment!（不要污染环境！）No littering!（禁止乱扔垃圾！）No cutting down trees!（禁止砍伐树木！）
（3）祈使句+and/or+简单句：表“做某事，就会……/不做某事，就会……”
例句：Act now, and we can make the world better!（立即行动，我们就能让世界变得更好！）
Don’t waste water, or we will have no clean water to drink.（不要浪费水，否则我们会没有干净的水喝。）
六、写作指导（议论文/倡议书：践行低碳生活，与自然和谐共处）
1. 题型一：议论文（How to live with nature in harmony 如何与自然和谐共处）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 开篇点题，提出核心观点：与自然和谐共处是人类的必修课，保护自然就是保护人类自己 Nature is our home, and living in harmony with it is necessary for human beings. Protecting nature is just protecting ourselves, so we must take action to do it well.
主体 分2-3点阐述具体做法：① 减少污染，践行低碳生活（节水、节电、回收）；② 保护生物，不破坏自然栖息地（种树、保护濒危动物）；③ 承担责任，呼吁身边人参与环保 ①First, we should reduce pollution and live a low carbon life. We can save water and electricity, recycle rubbish and walk to school instead of taking cars... ②Second, we need to protect all living creatures. We can plant more trees and stop cutting down forests. We should also care for endangered animals and not hurt them... ③Finally, everyone should take responsibility for the environment. We can tell our family and friends the importance of protecting nature and ask them to join us...
结尾 总结全文，升华主题：强调人人参与的重要性，展望人与自然和谐的美好未来 In a word, living with nature in harmony needs everyone’s effort. If we act now and work together, we can make the earth more beautiful, and human beings can live a happy life with nature forever.
2. 题型二：倡议书（呼吁全校同学践行低碳生活，保护自然）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明倡议背景和目的：当前环境问题严峻，为与自然和谐共处，倡议全校同学践行低碳生活，参与环保 Dear schoolmates, With the development of society, more and more environmental problems appear. Nature is our only home, so it’s everyone’s duty to protect it. To live in harmony with nature and build a green world, we are calling on all of you to live a low carbon life and take part in environmental protection.
主体 提出具体的低碳环保做法（分点说明，简单易行）：① 日常低碳（节水、节电、绿色出行）；② 垃圾分类，回收利用；③ 爱护花草树木，保护小动物；④ 宣传环保知识 We can do many simple things in our daily life: ① Save water and electricity—turn off the tap and lights when we don’t use them. Go to school on foot or by bike instead of taking cars. ② Sort the rubbish and recycle paper, plastic and glass. ③ Don’t pick flowers or hurt small animals. Plant more trees with our teachers and classmates. ④Tell our family and friends about environmental protection and ask them to join us.
结尾 发出号召，表达美好期望：强调点滴行动的力量，呼吁大家立即行动，共建美好家园 Every small action can make a big difference. Protecting nature is not a slogan, but a real action. Let’s start from ourselves, start from small things, live a low carbon life and live in harmony with nature. Let’s work together to make our earth a greener and more beautiful home! The Student Union
3. 范文示例（议论文）
How to live with nature in harmony
Nature is the greatest gift for human beings. We live on the earth and depend on natural resources to live. Without nature, human beings can’t survive at all. So living in harmony with nature is one of the most important things for us. But now, many human activities have damaged the environment and hurt nature. It’s time for us to take action to protect nature and live with it in harmony.
There are many things we can do to live with nature in harmony. First, we should reduce pollution and live a low carbon life. In our daily life, we can save water and electricity—we can turn off the tap when we wash our hands and turn off the lights when we leave the room. We can go to school or go out on foot or by bike instead of taking cars, which can reduce air pollution. We should also sort the rubbish and recycle paper, plastic and glass to reduce waste.
Second, we need to protect all living creatures and their homes. We can plant more trees and flowers in our school or community, because trees can clean the air and protect the soil. We must stop cutting down too many forests, because forests are the homes of many wild animals. We should also care for endangered animals and not hurt them, and never buy things made from rare animals. Every living creature is part of nature, and we should live with them peacefully.
Finally, everyone should take responsibility for the environment and be an environmental protector. We can tell our family, friends and classmates the importance of protecting nature and living with it in harmony. We can also join environmental protection activities, such as cleaning the park or the river. When more and more people take part in environmental protection, we can make a big difference to the world.
Nature is our home, and protecting it is protecting ourselves. Living with nature in harmony doesn’t need big things, but small actions in our daily life. If everyone can do something for the environment, we will have a greener earth, and human beings can live a happy life with nature forever. Let’s act now and work together to build a beautiful world with nature!

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