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外研版八年级下册 Unit 5 Looking into nature 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. look /l k/ v. 看；注视；探究 n. 表情（短语：look into 探究；观察；look at 看）
2. into / ntu / prep. 进入；深入到（短语：look into 深入研究；探究；go into 进入）
3. nature / ne t (r)/ n. 大自然；自然界；本性（短语：look into nature 探索自然；in nature 在自然界）
4. natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的；天然的（短语：natural scenery 自然风光；natural resources 自然资源）
5. wonder / w nd (r)/ n. 奇观；奇迹 v. 想知道；惊叹（短语：natural wonder 自然奇观；wonder at 对……感到惊叹）
6. sight /sa t/ n. 景象；视力；名胜（短语：natural sights 自然景观；the sights of nature 自然美景）
7. view /vju / n. 风景；观点 v. 看待（短语：a beautiful view 美丽的风景；view nature 审视自然）
8. scene /si n/ n. 场景；景色；现场（短语：natural scene 自然景色；scenes of nature 自然风光）
9. mountain / ma nt n/ n. 山；山脉（短语：mountain range 山脉；climb a mountain 爬山）
10. river / r v (r)/ n. 河；江（短语：a wide river 宽阔的河流；river bank 河岸）
11. forest / f r st/ n. 森林；林区（短语：a thick forest 茂密的森林；forest park 森林公园）
12. ocean / n/ n. 海洋；大海（短语：the Pacific Ocean 太平洋；ocean waves 海浪）
13. lake /le k/ n. 湖；湖泊（短语：a quiet lake 平静的湖水；by the lake 在湖边）
14. stream /stri m/ n. 小溪；溪流（短语：a clear stream 清澈的小溪；mountain stream 山泉）
15. plant /plɑ nt/ n. 植物 v. 种植（短语：plant life 植物生命；plant trees 种树）
16. animal / n ml/ n. 动物；兽（短语：wild animal 野生动物；animal world 动物世界）
17. creature / kri t (r)/ n. 生物；动物（短语：living creature 生物；sea creature 海洋生物）
18. wild /wa ld/ adj. 野生的；荒凉的 n. 野外（短语：wild nature 野生自然；in the wild 在野外）
19. alive / la v/ adj. 活着的；有活力的（短语：be alive with 充满……的生机；stay alive 存活）
20. live /l v/ v. 居住；生活 /la v/ adj. 活的；现场的（短语：live in nature 生活在自然中；live animals 活的动物）
21. grow /ɡr / v. 生长；成长；种植（过去式：grew；过去分词：grown；短语：grow up 生长；grow in nature 在自然中生长）
22. breathe /bri / v. 呼吸（短语：breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气；breathe in 吸气）
23. discover /d sk v (r)/ v. 发现；发觉（短语：discover the secret of nature 发现自然的奥秘）
24. explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索；探究（短语：explore nature 探索自然；explore the forest 探索森林）
25. observe / b z v/ v. 观察；观测；遵守（短语：observe nature 观察自然；observe the stars 观测星星）
26. notice / n t s/ v. 注意到；察觉 n. 通知（短语：notice the change 注意到变化；notice small things 留意小事）
27. find /fa nd/ v. 发现；找到（过去式：found；过去分词：found；短语：find out 查明；发现）
28. beauty / bju ti/ n. 美丽；美景；美人（短语：the beauty of nature 自然之美；natural beauty 自然美）
29. beautiful / bju t fl/ adj. 美丽的；漂亮的（短语：a beautiful forest 美丽的森林）
30. peace /pi s/ n. 和平；平静；安宁（短语：peace of nature 自然的宁静；in peace 平静地）
二、重点短语
1. look into nature 探索自然；探究自然
2. in nature 在自然界；本质上
3. natural wonder 自然奇观
4. natural scenery 自然风光
5. natural resources 自然资源
6. wild animal 野生动物
7. living creature 生物；生命体
8. sea creature 海洋生物
9. in the wild 在野外；在自然环境中
10. the beauty of nature 自然之美
11. explore nature 探索自然
12. observe nature 观察自然
13. discover the secret of nature 发现自然的奥秘
14. breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气
15. climb a mountain 爬山
16. walk through the forest 穿过森林
17. by the lake/river 在湖边/河边
18. look at the stars 看星星
19. study plant life 研究植物生命
20. watch the animals 观察动物
21. find out the truth 查明真相
22. notice the small details 留意小细节
23. be alive with life 充满生机
24. live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
25. enjoy the natural view 欣赏自然风光
26. take photos of nature 拍摄自然美景
27. learn about nature 了解自然
28. a trip to nature 自然之旅
29. the power of nature 大自然的力量
30. protect nature 保护自然
三、重点句型
1. We are going to look into nature and discover its amazing secrets this weekend.
（这个周末我们将要去探索自然，发现它令人惊叹的奥秘。）
2. —What do you think is the most beautiful natural wonder in the world
—I think the Great Barrier Reef is the most amazing one.
（—你认为世界上最美的自然奇观是什么？—我认为大堡礁是最令人惊叹的。）
3. When you walk through the forest, you can breathe fresh air and hear the sound of birds singing.
（当你穿过森林时，你能呼吸新鲜空气，听到鸟儿歌唱的声音。）
4. It’s important to observe nature carefully and notice its small but beautiful details.
（仔细观察自然，留意它那些微小却美丽的细节是很重要的。）
5. Scientists spend years exploring nature to find out how living creatures grow and live.
（科学家们花费数年探索自然，以查明生物是如何生长和生存的。）
6. The lake is so quiet and the mountains around it are so beautiful—this is the real beauty of nature.
（湖水如此平静，周围的群山如此秀丽，这就是真正的自然之美。）
7. In the wild, every animal and plant has its own way to live and grow.
（在野外，每一种动植物都有自己的生存和生长方式。）
8. We can learn a lot from nature if we take the time to look into it carefully.
（如果我们花时间仔细探究自然，就能从中学到很多东西。）
9. The forest is alive with life in spring—you can see new plants and hear many kinds of birds.
（春天的森林充满生机，你能看到新生的植物，听到各种各样的鸟鸣。）
10. —What are you doing in the park
—I’m observing the small creatures and taking photos of them.
（—你在公园里做什么？—我正在观察小生物，还在给它们拍照。）
11. The power of nature is great—we should always respect and care for it.
（大自然的力量是伟大的，我们应该永远尊重和爱护它。）
12. She went to the mountain village to study plant life and learn about local natural scenery.
（她去了山村研究植物生命，了解当地的自然风光。）
13. When you look up at the stars at night, you will wonder at the magic of nature.
（当你夜晚仰望星空时，你会对自然的神奇感到惊叹。）
14. We found a clear stream in the mountain and saw many small fish swimming in it.
（我们在山里发现了一条清澈的小溪，看到许多小鱼在里面游来游去。）
15. Looking into nature can make us feel peaceful and forget all our worries.
（探索自然能让我们感到平静，忘记所有的烦恼。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. look into, explore & observe
词汇/短语 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
look into 探究、深入观察，指为弄清真相/奥秘而仔细研究，后接抽象/具体事物均可 带有“研究、调查”的目的，侧重“深入了解” We need to look into the relationship between animals and plants in nature.
explore 探索、探寻，指去未知/陌生的自然环境中考察，侧重“实地探索” 实地考察、发现新事物，动作性强 They plan to explore the deep forest to find rare plants.
observe 观察、观测，指长时间仔细留意事物的变化、特征，侧重“细致看” 专注、持续地看，记录细节，多用于科学/细致观察 The scientist observes the birds for hours to study their living habits.
2. nature, scenery & view
词汇 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
nature 大自然、自然界，泛指一切自然事物的总称，不可数 整体概念，涵盖所有自然万物 We should love and protect nature.
scenery 自然风光、景色，指某一地区的整体自然景观，不可数 整体的自然风景，侧重“一片区域的美景” The scenery in the mountain area is very beautiful in autumn.
view 风景、景色，指从某一角度看到的具体景色，可数 局部的、特定视角的风景，侧重“一眼看到的画面” We have a great view of the lake from the top of the hill.
3. alive, live & living
词汇 词性 含义与用法 搭配/例句
alive 形容词 活着的、有活力的，表状态，可作表语/后置定语，不可作前置定语 搭配：be alive with, stay aliv 例句：The forest is alive with all kinds of animals.
live adj./v. 作形容词（/la v/）：活的、现场的，多作前置定语；作动词（/l v/）：居住、生活 搭配：live animals, live show 例句：We can see live pandas in the nature reserve.
living 形容词/名词 作形容词：活着的，可作前置/后置定语，表“有生命的”；作名词：生计、生活 搭配：living creature, living things 例句：All living things depend on nature for survival.
4. find, find out & discover
词汇/短语 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
find 找到、发现，指偶然/经过努力找到某物，或发现某种情况 侧重“找到”的结果，对象多为具体事物/简单情况 I found a beautiful flower in the grass.
find out 查明、弄清楚，指通过调查/研究找出事情的真相/答案 侧重“经过探究弄明白”，对象多为真相、原因、事实 We need to find out why the plants here grow so well.
discover 发现、发觉，指发现原本存在但不为人知的事物/规律 侧重“发现新事物/奥秘”，多用于科学、自然探索 Columbus discovered America in 1492. / Scientists discovered a new kind of plant in the forest.
5. wonder & miracle
词汇 词性 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
wonder n./v. 作名词：奇观、奇迹，指令人惊叹的自然/人为景观，可数；作动词：想知道、惊叹 侧重“令人惊叹的美景/事物”，多用于自然奇观 The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest natural wonders in the world.
miracle 名词 奇迹，指违背自然规律、令人难以置信的事情，可数 侧重“不可思议、超乎想象的事”，少用于自然景观 It’s a miracle that the little bird is still alive after the storm.
五、重点语法
1. 现在完成时（核心语法：表经历/结果/持续）
（1）含义
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果，或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作/状态，也可表示过去到现在的经历，是本单元探索自然、描述自然研究的核心语法。
（2）基本构成
主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词（done）
- have：用于主语 I/we/you/they/复数名词
- has：用于主语 he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词
- 不规则动词过去分词需重点记忆（如see→seen；find→found；do→done；go→gone）
（3）三大核心用法（本单元场景）
① 表过去的经历，常与 ever/never/already/yet/once 等词连用
- 例句：I have ever explored the forest with my father.（我曾经和爸爸一起探索过森林。）
She has never seen the ocean before.（她以前从未见过大海。）
② 表过去动作对现在的影响/结果，常与 already/yet/just 连用
- 例句：Scientists have found out the secret of this plant.（科学家们已经查明了这种植物的奥秘。）
We have just seen a beautiful natural wonder by the lake.（我们刚刚在湖边看到了一处美丽的自然奇观。）
③ 表从过去持续到现在的动作/状态，常与 for + 时间段/since + 时间点 连用
- 例句：He has studied plant life in the mountain for five years.（他在山里研究植物生命已经五年了。）
They have lived near the forest since 2018.（他们从2018年起就住在森林附近。）
（4）句式结构
① 肯定句：主语 + have/has + done + 其他
例：She has taken many photos of natural scenery.
② 否定句：主语 + have/has + not (haven’t/hasn’t) + done + 其他
例：We haven’t found any rare animals in the wild yet.
③ 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + done + 其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.
例：—Has he observed the stars at night
—Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
④ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + done + 其他？
例：—What have you learned from nature
—I have learned to respect all living creatures.
2. 形容词/副词的比较级与最高级（拓展深化）
（1）不规则变化（本单元高频）
good/well → better → best；bad/badly → worse → worst；much/many → more → most；little → less → least
（2）本单元高频特殊用法
① one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词：“最……之一”，描述自然奇观/事物
例：The Amazon rainforest is one of the largest forests in the world.
② 比较级 + and + 比较级：“越来越……”，描述自然事物的变化
例：The stream becomes clearer and clearer in spring.
③ the + 比较级, the + 比较级：“越……，越……”，描述探索自然的感受/规律
例：The more we look into nature, the more we love it.
3. 宾语从句（连接词that/wh-的拓展运用）
本单元用于表达对自然的疑问、探索的结果，连接词可根据句意选择that/what/why/how/when/where。
（1）that引导：陈述自然探索的事实，that可省略
例：We found (that) nature is full of amazing secrets.
（2）wh-引导：表达对自然的疑问/发现的规律，从句用陈述语序
例：I wonder why the leaves change color in autumn.
We know how animals live in the wild.
4. 动词不定式（to do）作目的状语/宾语
（1）作目的状语：表探索自然的目的，可放句首/句末
例：To observe nature better, we need to be very careful.（为了更好地观察自然，我们需要非常细心。）
They go to the mountain to study wild plants.（他们去山里研究野生植物。）
（2）作宾语：接在want/hope/plan/decide等动词后，表探索自然的打算
例：We plan to explore the ocean next summer.
She hopes to discover a new kind of flower in the forest.
六、写作指导（说明文/记叙文：探索自然的经历/介绍一处自然奇观）
1. 题型一：记叙文（A trip to look into nature 一次探索自然的旅行
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明旅行的时间、地点、同行人及目的，总述对这次自然之旅的期待 Last weekend, I went to Green Mountain with my family to look into nature and enjoy its beauty. I was very excited because I had never been to this mountain before.
主体 分2-3段描述旅行过程：① 沿途的自然景色（山、水、植物）；② 观察/探索的具体事物（动物、植物、小溪）；③ 探索中的发现/感受 When we walked through the forest, we breathed fresh air and heard birds singing. I observed many small plants and took photos of them... We found a clear stream, and saw some small fish swimming in it... My father told me about the relationship between plants and animals, and I learned a lot.
结尾 总结这次自然之旅的收获与感受，升华主题（对自然的热爱/对探索的感悟） This trip to look into nature was very meaningful. I not only enjoyed the beautiful natural scenery, but also learned a lot about nature. I realize that nature is full of secrets, and we should respect and protect it forever.
2. 题型二：说明文（Introduce a natural wonder 介绍一处自然奇观）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明要介绍的自然奇观名称、地理位置，总述其特点/地位 The West Lake is a famous natural wonder in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It is known for its beautiful scenery and quiet atmosphere, and it is one of the most popular natural sights in China.
主体 分2-3段详细介绍：① 奇观的自然景观（湖水、周围的山、植物）；② 四季的不同景色；③ 它的价值/意义（自然价值、观赏价值） The West Lake is a big and quiet lake. There are many green trees and colorful flowers around it... In spring, the lake is full of peach blossoms; in autumn, the leaves turn golden... It not only provides a beautiful view for people, but also is a good home for many water plants and animals.
结尾 表达对这处自然奇观的评价，呼吁人们爱护它 The West Lake is a great gift from nature. It is a beautiful natural wonder that we should cherish and protect. If you have a chance, you must go there to enjoy its beauty.
3. 范文示例（记叙文）
A trip to look into nature
Last Sunday, I went to the Forest Park near my city with my science teacher and classmates to look into nature and study wild plants. It was a sunny day, and we all took notebooks and cameras to record what we saw and heard. This trip was a great chance for me to get close to nature and learn more about it.
When we arrived at the Forest Park, we walked into the thick forest with our teacher. The air was very fresh, and we could hear the sound of birds singing and a small stream running. Our teacher told us to observe the plants carefully and notice their different features. I saw many kinds of plants I had never seen before: some had big green leaves, some had small white flowers, and some climbed up the big trees. I wrote down their names and features in my notebook, and took photos of the most beautiful ones. Then we found a clear mountain stream. We saw some small fish and crabs swimming in the water, and our teacher told us that the clean water was the reason why these small creatures could live here. We also observed some birds flying in the trees, and learned about their living habits from our teacher.
During the trip, I asked many questions about nature, and my teacher answered them patiently. I found that nature is full of amazing secrets, and every plant and animal has its own way to live and grow. I also realized that all living things are connected—plants provide food for animals, and animals help plants spread their seeds.
This trip to look into nature was one of the most meaningful trips I have ever had. I not only enjoyed the beautiful natural scenery, but also learned a lot of knowledge about wild plants and animals. I put all my photos and notes in a book, and I will keep it forever. This trip makes me love nature more, and I decide to learn more about nature and protect it in my daily life.

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