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外研版八年级下册 Unit 4 Helping out 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. help /help/ v.&n. 帮助；帮忙（短语：help out 帮忙解决困难；help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事）
2. out /a t/ adv. 出去；在外（短语：help out 排忧解难；work out 解决；go out 外出）
3. volunteer / v l n t (r)/ v. 自愿做；义务做 n. 志愿者（短语：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事）
4. voluntary / v l ntri/ adj. 自愿的；义务的（短语：voluntary work 志愿工作）
5. community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区（短语：community service 社区服务；community center 社区中心）
6. service / s v s/ n. 服务；公共服务（短语：do service for 为……服务；service center 服务中心）
7. care /ke (r)/ v.&n. 照顾；关心（短语：care for 照顾；关心；take care of 照顾）
8. lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的（短语：lonely old people 孤寡老人）
9. elderly / eld li/ adj. 年老的；上了年纪的（短语：the elderly 老人；长者）
10. sick /s k/ adj. 生病的；有病的（短语：sick people 病人；be sick in bed 卧病在床）
11. disabled /d s e bld/ adj. 残疾的；丧失能力的（短语：disabled people 残疾人）
12. homeless / h ml s/ adj. 无家可归的（短语：homeless people 无家可归的人）
13. feed /fi d/ v. 喂养；饲养（过去式/过去分词：fed；短语：feed animals 喂动物；feed on 以……为食）
14. clean /kli n/ v. 打扫；清理 adj. 干净的（短语：clean up 清理；打扫干净；clean the street 打扫街道）
15. collect /k lekt/ v. 收集；搜集（短语：collect rubbish 收集垃圾；collect books 收集书籍）
16. raise /re z/ v. 筹集；提升；养育（短语：raise money 筹钱；raise one’s hand 举手）
17. donate /d ne t/ v. 捐赠；捐献（短语：donate money 捐款；donate books 捐书）
18. donation /d ne n/ n. 捐赠；捐赠物（短语：make a donation 进行捐赠）
19. support /s p t/ v.&n. 支持；资助（短语：support the poor 资助穷人；give support 提供支持）
20. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护（短语：protect the environment 保护环境；protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受……）
21. environment / n va r nm nt/ n. 环境（短语：natural environment 自然环境；protect the environment 保护环境）
22. rubbish / r b / n. 垃圾；废弃物（短语：throw away rubbish 扔垃圾；collect rubbish 收垃圾）
23. recycle / ri sa kl/ v. 回收利用；再利用（短语：recycle paper 回收纸张；recycle plastic 回收塑料）
24. kind /ka nd/ adj. 善良的；友好的 n. 种类（短语：be kind to sb. 对某人友善；a kind of 一种）
25. kindness / ka ndn s/ n. 善良；好意（短语：show kindness to sb. 对某人表示友善）
26. helpful / helpfl/ adj. 有帮助的；乐于助人的（短语：be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助）
27. useful / ju sfl/ adj. 有用的；有益的（短语：be useful for 对……有用）
28. meaningful / mi n fl/ adj. 有意义的（短语：a meaningful experience 一次有意义的经历）
29. experience / k sp ri ns/ n. 经历；经验 v. 体验（短语：volunteer experience 志愿经历）
30. pleasure / ple (r)/ n. 快乐；愉快（短语：with pleasure 乐意地；It’s a pleasure. 不客气。）
二、重点短语
1. help out 帮忙解决困难；排忧解难
2. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
3. voluntary work 志愿工作
4. community service 社区服务
5. care for 照顾；关心
6. take care of 照顾；照料
7. the elderly 老人；上了年纪的人
8. look after the sick 照顾病人
9. help the disabled 帮助残疾人
10. feed homeless animals 喂养流浪动物
11. clean up 打扫干净；清理
12. clean the street 打扫街道
13. collect rubbish 收集垃圾
14. raise money 筹集资金；募捐
15. donate money/books 捐款/捐书
16. make a donation 进行捐赠
17. protect the environment 保护环境
18. recycle paper and plastic 回收纸和塑料
19. throw away rubbish 乱扔垃圾
20. be kind to sb. 对某人友善
21. show kindness to sb. 向某人表达善意
22. a meaningful experience 一次有意义的经历
23. be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助
24. do something useful 做一些有用的事
25. work for a charity 为慈善机构工作
26. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
27. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
28. give a hand 伸出援手；帮忙
29. take part in volunteer activities 参加志愿活动
30. make the world a better place 让世界变得更美好
三、重点句型
1. —Can you help out with the volunteer work in the community
—Sure, I’d love to. I want to care for the elderly.
（—你能帮忙做社区的志愿工作吗？—当然，我很乐意。我想照顾老人。）
2. Many students volunteer to clean up the park on weekends.
（很多学生周末自愿去清理公园。）
3. We should care for the homeless people and give them some food and clothes.
（我们应该关心无家可归的人，给他们一些食物和衣服。）
4. My classmates and I plan to raise money for the sick children in the hospital.
（我和同学们计划为医院里的生病儿童筹钱。）
5. She often donates her old books to the children in the poor village.
（她经常把旧书捐赠给贫困村的孩子们。）
6. It’s meaningful to take part in community service and help people in need.
（参加社区服务，帮助有需要的人是很有意义的。）
7. The students are cleaning up the street and collecting rubbish to protect the environment.
（学生们正在打扫街道、收集垃圾来保护环境。）
8. He spends an hour every week looking after the disabled kids in the community center.
（他每周花一小时在社区中心照顾残疾儿童。）
9. If everyone is kind to others and gives a hand, the world will be more warm.
（如果每个人都善待他人、伸出援手，世界会更温暖。）
10. —How can we help out the lonely elderly people
—We can visit them and talk with them every weekend.
（—我们该如何帮助孤寡老人？—我们可以每周去看望他们，和他们聊天。）
11. Volunteering in the animal hospital is a great experience for me.
（在动物医院做志愿工作对我来说是一次很棒的经历。）
12. We should recycle paper and plastic instead of throwing them away.
（我们应该回收纸和塑料，而不是把它们扔掉。）
13. She is always ready to help others, so everyone says she is a helpful girl.
（她总是乐于助人，所以大家都说她是个热心的女孩。）
14. With pleasure, I will help you clean up the community garden this Sunday.
（我很乐意这周日帮你清理社区花园。）
15. It’s our duty to protect the environment and help people around us.
（保护环境、帮助身边的人是我们的责任。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. help out & help sb. (to) do sth. & help sb. with sth.
短语 含义与用法 侧重点 例句
help out 帮忙解决困难、排忧解难，后可接with sth.，侧重“解决难题、摆脱困境” 解决具体困难 My brother helped out with my math homework when I was in trouble.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，to可省略，侧重“协助完成具体动作” 协助做动作 She helps her mom (to) cook dinner every evening.
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事，后接名词/代词，侧重“在某方面提供帮助” 某方面的帮助 The teacher helps me with my English pronunciation.
2. care for & take care of & look after
短语 含义与用法 正式程度 例句
care for 照顾、关心，可指对人或物的照料/关爱，语气较温柔，也可表“喜欢” 偏正式，书面语常用 She cares for her sick grandmother every day.
take care of 照顾、照料，侧重“承担照料的责任”，可替换look after 通用，口语/书面语均可 Please take care of my cat when I am on holiday.
look after 照顾、照看，侧重“日常的看护、照料”，最口语化 口语化，使用最广泛 My aunt looks after the homeless children in the village.
3. raise & rise
词汇 词性 含义与用法 语态/例句
raise 及物动词（vt.） 筹集、提升、养育、举起，后必须接宾语 主动语态；We raise money for the poor kids every year.
rise 不及物动词（vi.） 上升、升起、上涨，后不接宾语，过去式/过去分词：rose/risen 无被动；The sun rises in the east every morning.
4. donate & give
词汇 词性 含义与用法 侧重点/例句
donate 动词 捐赠、捐献，指自愿将财物等送给公益机构、困难人群等，偏正式 公益性质的赠送；He donates blood every six months.
give 动词 给、赠送，通用词，指将某物交给某人，无特定感彩和使用场景 普通的给予；She gives a book to her friend as a gift.
5. lonely & alone
词汇 词性 含义与用法 侧重点/例句
lonely 形容词 孤独的、寂寞的（情感上）；偏僻的，可作表语/定语，常用来描述人内心的感受 情感上的孤单；We should care for the lonely elderly people.
alone 形容词/副词 独自的、单独的（状态上），作形容词只作表语；作副词表“独自地” 客观上的独自一人；He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.
五、重点语法
1. 被动语态（核心：一般现在时/一般过去时被动）
（1）含义
表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者，本单元多用于描述志愿活动、公益行为中“事物被处理、被捐赠、被收集”等场景。
（2）基本构成
be动词 + 动词的过去分词（done）
be动词的时态随句子时态变化，过去分词为动词的固定变形（如clean→cleaned；donate→donated；raise→raised）。
（3）一般现在时被动
- 构成：主语 + am/is/are + done + 其他
- 用法：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作，本单元用于公益、环保的日常行为。
- 例句：
Rubbish is collected every morning in our community.（我们社区每天早上都收垃圾。）
Old books are donated to the poor villages every year.（旧书每年都被捐赠到贫困村。）
（4）一般过去时被动
- 构成：主语 + was/were + done + 其他
- 用法：描述过去发生的被动动作，本单元用于描述过去的志愿活动、捐赠行为。
- 例句：
A lot of money was raised for the sick children last month.（上个月为生病儿童筹集了很多钱。）
The park was cleaned up by the students last weekend.（上周末公园被学生们清理干净了。）
（5）被动语态的一般疑问句
将be动词提前即可，回答用“Yes, 主语+am/is/are/was/were.”或“No, 主语+am/is/are/was/were not.”
- 例句：—Is rubbish recycled in your school （你们学校回收垃圾吗？）
—Yes, it is.（是的，回收。）
2. 情态动词的被动形式
（1）构成
情态动词（should/can/must/need） + be + 动词的过去分词
（2）用法
本单元核心用于提出公益、环保、助人的建议/要求，表“应该被做、可以被做、必须被做”。
（3）核心例句
- Rubbish should be thrown away in the dustbin.（垃圾应该被扔进垃圾桶。）
- Old clothes can be donated to the homeless people.（旧衣服可以捐赠给无家可归的人。）
- The environment must be protected by everyone.（环境必须被每个人保护。）
- More money needs to be raised for the disabled kids.（需要为残疾儿童筹集更多资金。）
3. 动词不定式（to do）作主语/宾语/目的状语
（1）作主语
- 结构：To do sth. + 谓语（单数） / It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.（it作形式主语，真正主语为to do）
- 本单元核心：描述助人、志愿行为的意义，常用形容词：meaningful, important, necessary, good
- 例句：
To help people in need is a happy thing.（帮助有需要的人是一件快乐的事。）
It’s meaningful to take part in volunteer activities.（参加志愿活动是有意义的。）
（2）作宾语
- 常接不定式作宾语的动词（本单元重点）：want, plan, hope, decide, volunteer, learn
- 例句：
We plan to raise money for the sick children.（我们计划为生病儿童筹钱。）
She volunteers to care for the elderly in the community.（她自愿照顾社区里的老人。）
（3）作目的状语
- 结构：to do sth. / in order to do sth.，表“为了……”，本单元用于描述做志愿活动的目的。
- 例句：
They clean up the street to protect the environment.（他们打扫街道是为了保护环境。）
We go to the hospital to look after the sick kids.（我们去医院是为了照顾生病的孩子。）
4. 动名词作宾语（巩固）
（1）常接动名词作宾语的动词（本单元重点）：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, like, love
（2）例句：
I enjoy volunteering in the animal hospital.（我喜欢在动物医院做志愿工作。）
They finished cleaning up the park at 5 p.m.（他们下午5点完成了公园的清理工作。）
Do you mind helping me collect the rubbish （你介意帮我收集垃圾吗？）
六、写作指导（议论文/倡议书：伸出援手，参与志愿活动）
1. 题型一：议论文（Why should we help others 为什么我们要乐于助人）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 开篇点题，提出观点：乐于助人是中华民族的传统美德，帮助他人不仅温暖别人，也能成就自己 Helping others is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation. It’s not only a way to warm the people around us, but also a chance to make our life more meaningful.
主体 分2-3点阐述原因：① 帮助他人是我们的责任，弱势群体需要关爱；② 帮助他人能收获快乐和成长；③ 人人互助能让社会更温暖 ① There are many people in need around us, such as the elderly, the sick and the homeless. They need our care and help, and it’s our duty to give them a hand. ② When we help others, we can get a lot of happiness. Every volunteer experience will make us grow up and become a better person. ③ If everyone helps each other, our society will become a warm big family.
结尾 总结全文，发出呼吁：从身边小事做起，主动帮助他人，参与志愿活动 In a word, helping others is a happy and meaningful thing. Let’s start with small things around us, volunteer to help people in need, and make the world a better place with our kindness.
2. 题型二：倡议书（呼吁同学参与社区志愿活动）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明倡议背景和目的：为了建设美好社区，帮助有需要的人，倡议大家参与社区志愿活动 Dear classmates, Our community is our big home, and it’s everyone’s duty to build it into a warm and beautiful place. There are many people in need in our community, such as the lonely elderly and the disabled kids. So we are calling on all of you to take part in our community volunteer activities.
主体 说明志愿活动的时间、内容和意义：① 活动时间（周末）；② 活动内容（照顾老人、清理社区、帮助儿童）；③ 参与意义（锻炼自己、收获快乐、温暖社区） The volunteer activities will be held on weekends. We can do many things: we can visit the lonely elderly and talk with them; we can clean up the community garden and collect rubbish; we can also help the disabled kids with their study. Taking part in these activities can not only help the people in need, but also exercise our ability and make our weekend more meaningful.
结尾 发出号召，留下报名方式，表达美好期望 Helping others is a pleasure. Let’s join hands and take part in the volunteer activities. If you want to join us, please sign up at the class monitor’s desk before this Friday. Let’s use our kindness and action to make our community more warm! The Student Union June 10th
3. 范文示例（倡议书）
A Proposal to Take Part in Community Volunteer Activities
Dear classmates,
Our community is a warm big family where we live and grow together. It’s everyone’s responsibility to care for our community and help the people in need around us. At present, there are many lonely elderly people, disabled kids and homeless animals in our community who need our care and help. To build a more beautiful and warm community, we are calling on all classmates to take part in our community volunteer activities.
The volunteer activities will be organized every weekend. We have planned a lot of meaningful work for everyone. First, we can visit the lonely elderly in the community. We can chat with them, help them clean their rooms and cook simple meals for them. Second, we can clean up our community: pick up rubbish in the garden, clean the street and recycle paper and plastic to protect the environment. Third, we can help the disabled kids in the community center with their study and play games with them to make them happy.
Volunteering is a meaningful experience. When we help others, we can not only bring warmth to them, but also exercise our communication and practice ability. We will also understand the meaning of kindness and responsibility from the activities. Every small action of us can make the community better.
Dear classmates, helping others is a pleasure and a duty. Let’s take action and join the volunteer team. If you are willing to take part in the activities, please sign up at the class monitor’s desk before this Friday. Let’s use our love and action to help the people in need, and make our community a warmer and more beautiful home!
The Student Union
June 12th

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