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外研版八年级下册 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. grow /ɡr / v. 成长；生长；种植（过去式：grew；过去分词：grown；短语：grow up 长大；grow into 长成）
2. pain /pe n/ n. 痛苦；苦恼；疼痛（短语：growing pains 成长的烦恼；in pain 处于痛苦中）
3. gain /ɡe n/ n. 收获；所得 v. 获得；得到（短语：growing gains 成长的收获；gain experience 获得经验）
4. teenage / ti ne d / adj. 青少年的（短语：teenage life 青少年生活；teenage problems 青少年问题）
5. teenager / ti ne d (r)/ n. 青少年
6. problem / pr bl m/ n. 问题；难题（短语：solve a problem 解决问题；have problems with sth. 在某方面有问题）
7. trouble / tr bl/ n. 麻烦；烦恼 v. 使烦恼（短语：in trouble 陷入麻烦；have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难）
8. stress /stres/ n. 压力；紧张 v. 强调（短语：study stress 学习压力；under stress 处于压力下）
9. pressure / pre (r)/ n. 压力（短语：peer pressure 同伴压力；put pressure on sb. 给某人施压）
10. worry / w ri/ v.&n. 担心；担忧（短语：worry about 担心；have no worry 无忧无虑）
11. upset / p set/ adj. 心烦的；沮丧的 v. 使心烦（过去式/过去分词：upset）
12. angry / ɡri/ adj. 生气的；愤怒的（短语：be angry with sb. 生某人的气；angry words 气话）
13. lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的
14. nervous / n v s/ adj. 紧张的；焦虑的（短语：be nervous about 对……感到紧张）
15. calm /kɑ m/ adj. 平静的；镇静的 v. 使平静（短语：stay calm 保持冷静；calm down 冷静下来）
municate /k mju n ke t/ v. 交流；沟通（短语：communicate with sb. 与某人沟通）
17. understand / nd st nd/ v. 理解；明白（过去式/过去分词：understood；短语：understand each other 互相理解）
18. respect /r spekt/ v.&n. 尊重；尊敬（短语：show respect to sb. 尊敬某人）
19. support /s p t/ v.&n. 支持；拥护（短语：support each other 互相支持；give support to sb. 给某人支持）
20. encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励（短语：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事）
21. share / e (r)/ v.&n. 分享；分担（短语：share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物；share happiness and sadness 分享喜怒哀乐）
22. express / k spres/ v. 表达；表示（短语：express one’s feelings 表达情感；express an idea 表达观点）
23. feeling / fi l / n. 感觉；情感（复数：feelings；短语：mixed feelings 复杂的情感）
24. experience / k sp ri ns/ n. 经历；经验 v. 经历；体验（短语：life experience 人生经历；work experience 工作经验）
25. lesson / lesn/ n. 课；教训（短语：learn a lesson 吸取教训；have a lesson 上课）
26. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的（副词：bravely；短语：be brave to do sth. 勇敢做某事）
27. strong /str / adj. 坚强的；强壮的；强烈的（短语：a strong mind 坚强的意志）
28. confident / k nf d nt/ adj. 自信的（短语：be confident in oneself 对自己有信心）
29. proud /pra d/ adj. 自豪的；骄傲的（短语：be proud of 为……感到骄傲）
30. progress / pr ɡres/ n. 进步 v. 进展（短语：make progress 取得进步；progress in study 学习上的进步）
二、重点短语
1. growing pains and gains 成长的苦与乐
2. grow up 长大；成长
3. teenage problems 青少年问题
4. study stress 学习压力
5. peer pressure 同伴压力
6. worry about 担心；担忧
7. be upset about 为……心烦
8. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
9. be nervous about 对……感到紧张
10. calm down 冷静下来
11. in trouble 陷入麻烦
12. in pain 处于痛苦中
13. under stress 处于压力下
14. have problems with sth. 在某方面有问题
15. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
municate with sb. 与某人交流/沟通
17. understand each other 互相理解
18. show respect to sb. 尊敬某人
19. support each other 互相支持
20. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
21. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物
22. express one’s feelings 表达某人的情感
23. learn a lesson 吸取教训
24. make progress 取得进步
25. be proud of 为……感到骄傲
26. face difficulties 面对困难
27. deal with 处理；应对
28. solve a problem 解决问题
29. look back at 回顾
30. grow from experience 从经历中成长
三、重点句型
1. I have a lot of growing pains these days, such as too much study stress and misunderstanding with my parents.
（这些天我有很多成长的烦恼，比如太多的学习压力和与父母的误解。）
2. —What’s wrong with you You look upset.
—I’m worried about my English test because I didn’t prepare well for it.
（—你怎么了？你看起来心烦意乱的。—我担心我的英语考试，因为我没好好准备。）
3. Many teenagers have trouble communicating with their parents and it makes both sides angry.
（很多青少年与父母沟通有困难，这让双方都很生气。）
4. My mother always puts too much pressure on me about my study and I feel stressed out.
（我妈妈总是在学习上给我太多压力，我感到筋疲力尽。）
5. When I feel lonely or nervous, I usually talk with my best friend and share my feelings with her.
（当我感到孤独或紧张时，我通常和我最好的朋友聊天，跟她分享我的感受。）
6. It’s normal for teenagers to have growing pains, and we can learn a lot from these experiences.
（青少年有成长的烦恼是很正常的，我们能从这些经历中学到很多。）
7. Calm down and talk to your parents patiently, and they will understand your feelings better.
（冷静下来，耐心和父母谈谈，他们会更好地理解你的感受。）
8. Although I failed the math exam, I gained a valuable lesson and I will study harder from now on.
（虽然我数学考试不及格，但我得到了宝贵的教训，从现在起我会更加努力学习。）
9. My teacher always encourages me to face difficulties bravely and never give up.
（我的老师总是鼓励我勇敢面对困难，永不放弃。）
10. We should communicate with our classmates more and support each other when we are in trouble.
（我们应该多和同学沟通，在遇到麻烦时互相支持。）
11. Looking back at my past three years, I find I have grown a lot from all the growing pains and gains.
（回顾我过去的三年，我发现我从所有的成长苦与乐中成长了很多。）
12. I made great progress in my spoken English after I practiced it every day, and my parents are proud of me.
（我每天练习英语口语后取得了很大进步，我的父母为我感到骄傲。）
13. How do you deal with the peer pressure in your school life
（你如何应对学校生活中的同伴压力？）
14. It’s important for us to express our true feelings instead of keeping them to ourselves.
（对我们来说，表达真实的情感而不是憋在心里是很重要的。）
15. Every growing pain is a chance to grow, and we will become stronger after solving these problems.
（每一个成长的烦恼都是成长的机会，解决这些问题后我们会变得更坚强。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. problem & trouble
词汇 词性 含义与用法 例句
problem 名词（可数） 侧重“具体的难题、问题”，常指需要解决的客观问题，搭配solve/settle We need to solve this math problem together. / She has problems with her Chinese study.
trouble 名词（不可数/可数）/ 动词 作名词：侧重“麻烦、烦恼、困扰”，常指主观上的困扰，搭配have/get into/deal with；作动词：“使烦恼” He is in great trouble now. / I have trouble learning physics. / The noise troubles me a lot.
2. stress & pressure
词汇 词性 含义与用法 搭配/例句
stress 名词/动词 侧重“精神上的紧张、压力”，可指外界也可指内心的压力；动词表“强调” 短语：study stress, under stress 例句：She can’t stand the stress of daily life.
pressure 名词 侧重“外界施加的压力、压迫”，常与介词on搭配，语气更正式 短语：peer pressure, put pressure on sb. 例句：Teachers shouldn’t put too much pressure on students.
3. lonely & alone
词汇 词性 含义与用法 例句
lonely 形容词 表“孤独的、寂寞的”（情感上）；“偏僻的”（地点），可作表语/定语 He feels lonely even though he has many friends. / This is a lonely village in the mountains.
alone 形容词/副词 作形容词：表“独自的、单独的”，只作表语；作副词：表“独自地、单独地” She is alone at home today. / He likes to walk alone in the park.
4. calm & quiet & still
词汇 词性 含义与用法 例句
calm 形容词/动词 表“平静的、镇静的”（情绪/心态）；动词表“使冷静” Keep calm when you face danger. / She tried to calm the crying baby.
quiet 形容词/副词 表“安静的、寂静的”（环境/声音）；“文静的”（人） The park is very quiet in the morning. / She is a quiet girl in class.
still 形容词/副词 表“静止的、不动的”（状态）；“仍然”（副词） Stand still and don’t move. / He is still working even though it’s late.
5. communicate & talk
词汇 词性 含义与用法 搭配/例句
communicate 动词 正式用词，侧重“思想、情感、信息的交流与沟通”，强调沟通的效果 搭配：communicate with sb., communicate information 例句：We should communicate with our parents more often.
talk 动词/名词 普通用词，侧重“说话、交谈”，强调动作本身，可指随意的聊天 搭配：talk with/to sb., talk about sth., have a talk 例句：They are talking about their favorite movies.
五、重点语法
1. 状语从句（核心：时间/原因/让步状语从句）
（1）时间状语从句
- 引导词：when（当……时）、while（当……时/然而）、as（当……时/随着）、after（在……之后）、before（在……之前）、until/till（直到……为止）
- 核心用法：while后常接**延续性动词**，用进行时；not...until...表“直到……才……”
- 例句：
When I feel upset, I always listen to music.（当我心烦时，我总是听音乐。）
While my mother is cooking, I am doing my homework.（妈妈做饭的时候，我在写作业。）
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework last night.（昨晚我直到写完作业才睡觉。）
（2）原因状语从句
- 引导词：because（因为，表直接原因）、since（既然，表已知原因）、as（由于，表轻微原因）
- 核心用法：because回答why的提问，不能与so连用在同一句中
- 例句：
I am late for school because I missed the early bus.（我上学迟到了，因为我错过了早班车。）
Since you don’t like it, we can choose another one.（既然你不喜欢，我们可以选另一个。）
（3）让步状语从句
- 引导词：although/though（虽然/尽管）、even though/even if（即使）
- 核心用法：although/though不能与but连用在同一句中；句首可加even表强调
- 例句：
Although I am tired, I still finish my homework.（虽然我很累，但我还是完成了作业。）
Even though it rains, we will go to the park.（即使下雨，我们也要去公园。）
2. 非谓语动词（to do 作目的/原因状语）
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
- 结构：to do sth. / in order to do sth. / so as to do sth.，表“为了……”，可放句首或句末
- 例句：
We should study hard to make progress.（我们应该努力学习，为了取得进步。）
In order to communicate better with parents, we need to listen to them patiently.（为了和父母更好地沟通，我们需要耐心倾听他们。）
（2）动词不定式作原因状语
- 结构：be + 形容词（happy/sad/upset/glad）+ to do sth.，表“因做某事而……”
- 例句：
I am glad to receive your letter.（我很高兴收到你的来信。）
She is upset to fail the exam.（她因为考试不及格而心烦。）
3. 情态动词（should/could/must 表建议/劝告）
（1）should / shouldn’t
- 表“应该/不应该”，提出**建议或劝告**，语气委婉，是本单元核心用法
- 例句：
You should calm down and talk to your parents.（你应该冷静下来，和父母谈谈。）
You shouldn’t keep your feelings to yourself.（你不应该把你的情感憋在心里。）
（2）could
- 表“可以、能够”，提出**委婉的建议**，比can更客气
- 例句：
You could ask your teacher for help when you have study problems.（当你有学习问题时，你可以向老师求助。）
（3）must
- 表“必须、应该”，提出**强烈的劝告**，语气坚定
- 例句：
We must face difficulties bravely in our growing life.（在成长的生活中，我们必须勇敢面对困难。）
六、写作指导（写成长烦恼与收获/给朋友的解忧信）
1. 题型一：成长的苦与乐（Growing pains and gains）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 开篇点题，说明成长既有烦恼也有收获，这是青少年的正常经历 Growing up is a journey with both pains and gains. It’s normal for every teenager to have some troubles in growing, and we can also gain a lot from them.
主体 分两段写：① 自己的成长烦恼（如学习压力、亲子沟通问题等，结合具体事例）；② 从烦恼中得到的收获（如学会沟通、变得坚强等） **成长的苦**：These days, I have too much study stress. I have to take many after-school classes and I have no free time to do what I like. I also have trouble communicating with my mom...
**成长的乐**：With the help of my teacher, I talk to my mom patiently. She understands me better now. I also learn to plan my time well... I become more confident and strong.
结尾 总结感悟，说明成长烦恼是成长的机会，未来会以更积极的心态面对成长 Every growing pain is a chance to grow. These pains and gains make me a better person. I will face the future growing journey with a brave and positive heart.
范文示例
Growing pains and gains
Growing up is a wonderful but challenging journey, which is full of both pains and gains. As a teenager, I have experienced many growing troubles, and I also have gained a lot from these experiences. They make me grow step by step and become a better person.
I have two main growing pains these days. First, I have too much study stress. My parents hope I can get good grades, so they ask me to take math and English after-school classes on weekends. I have no free time to play the piano, which is my favorite hobby. I feel upset and even angry with my parents sometimes. Second, I have trouble communicating with my classmates. I am a little shy, so I don’t dare to express my ideas in group discussions, and I feel lonely sometimes.
With the help of my head teacher, I get over these troubles and gain a lot. I talk to my parents patiently and tell them my true feelings. They understand me and allow me to learn the piano on Sunday afternoons. I also try to be brave and talk with my classmates actively. Now I have made many good friends and we support each other. From these experiences, I learn how to communicate with others well and how to face difficulties bravely. I also become more confident and know how to plan my time between study and hobbies.
Growing pains are an important part of our teenage life. They are not terrible at all, because we can learn valuable lessons and grow from them. These growing pains and gains will be my precious memories. I believe I will face the future growing journey with a positive and brave heart, and gain more in the days to come.
2. 题型二：给朋友的解忧信（A letter to a friend who has growing pains）
写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 问候朋友，得知对方有成长烦恼表示关心，点明写信的目的（安慰并给出建议） Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear that you are upset these days because of growing pains. I know you have some problems with your parents and feel stressed about your study. I want to share some ideas with you and hope they can help you.
主体 给出具体、实用的建议（分2-3点，结合沟通、放松、面对困难等角度） First, you should calm down and communicate with your parents patiently. Tell them your true feelings and your difficulties in study. They will understand you better... Second, you can do something to relax when you feel stressed, such as listening to music, playing basketball or talking with friends... Finally, don’t be afraid of the study problems. You can ask your teachers or classmates for help...
结尾 鼓励朋友，表达祝福，相信对方能克服烦恼，在成长中收获更多 I believe you can deal with these growing pains well. Every trouble is a chance to grow. Cheer up! If you need more help, you can always talk to me. Looking forward to hearing your good news. Yours, Li Ming
范文示例
A letter to my friend
Dear Jack,
I’m sorry to hear that you are feeling upset and stressed these days. You told me that your parents put too much pressure on you about your study and you have no time to do your favorite sports. You also said you don’t know how to talk with them and you feel lonely. I really understand your feelings, because I also had the same growing pains last term. I want to share some of my ideas with you, and I hope they can help you.
First, you should calm down and talk to your parents patiently. Don’t be angry or silent when they talk about your study. Tell them your true feelings—you want to study well, but you also need some free time to relax. Sports can make you more energetic and help you study better. I believe your parents love you very much and they will understand you after talking. Second, when you feel stressed about your study, you can take a short break and do something you like, such as playing football with your friends or listening to music. It can help you relax and study more efficiently. Finally, if you have study problems, you can ask your teachers or classmates for help. They are always ready to help you, and you will make great progress soon.
Jack, growing pains are normal for every teenager. They are not terrible, because they can make us grow and become stronger. Don’t worry too much about it. I believe you are brave enough to deal with these troubles. If you need more help, you can always call or write to me. I will be with you and support you all the time.
Cheer up! I am looking forward to hearing your good news and seeing the happy you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

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