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人教版英语8年级下册培优备课精做课件Unit 8 (第3课时) Section A 4a-4dUnit 8 Making a Difference授课教师：Home .班级：8年级（---）班.时间：.第一课时 1a-2d
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
4a
Have you been to our animal shelter before
Has she ever done volunteer work
How long have you been a volunteer
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum
No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
for后接一段时间；since后接时间点或从句。
Grammar
(一)含since或for的现在完成时
第一课时 1a-2d
某些动词的现在完成时可表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”和“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用。
He has worked here for over twenty years. 他已经在这里工作二十多年了。
He has learnt about 2,000 English words since he started learning English. 他自开始学英语以来已经学了大约2000个英语单词。
The factory has been here since the 1970s.这家工厂从 20 世纪 70 年代起就在这里了。
一、Tom和Jack正在班级群里谈论他们的志愿工作，以下是部分内容。请读一读并用横线画出现在完成时的时间状语(从句)的引导词。 (1分)
Tom: Hi, Jack! Have you ever been to the zoo
Jack: Yes, I have. I have volunteered there for a long time.
Tom: Really How long have you been a volunteer there
Jack: I have been a volunteer there since last summer.
Tom: You mean you have volunteered there since your last summer holidays started
Jack: That’s right.
第一课时 1a-2d
含for和含since的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。
我从 13 年前开始就住在这里。
I’ve lived here for 13 years.
It has been 13 years since I began to live here.
（二）现在完成时中的谓语动词规则变化
第一课时 1a-2d
在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示持续性时间的状语连用的动词一般为延续性动词，但在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。
常见的延续性动词有have、live、teach、learn、work、study、know等；常见的非延续性动词(词组)有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、join、buy、get married等。
He has joined the communist youth League for two years.
He has been a member of the communist youth League for two years.
（ ）
（ ）
第一课时 1a-2d
他加入共青团两年了。
I have bought this watch for two years.
I have had this watch for two years.
（ ）
（ ）
第一课时 1a-2d
这块手表我买了两年了。
二、观察上面画出的现在完成时的时间状语(从句)的引导词，分析并归纳这些引导词的用法，完成表格。(4分)
for 后面接的是时间1. ________(段/点)，常与2. ________(延续/非延续)性动词连用。
since 后面接的是时间3. ________(段/点)。
后面接的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般4. ________(过去/现在)时。
段
延续
点
过去
三、根据句意用for或since填空。(5分)
5. We have been friends ________ we joined the baseball club.
6. My friend Linda has kept the book ____________
two weeks.
7.［安徽中考改编］Qi Qi has always loved science ________ she was a little kid.
since
for
since
8. My grandfather has been ill ________ a long time and I hope he can get well soon.
9. My parents have lived in this small town ________
20 years.
for
for
部分非延续性动词(词组)和与之对应的延续性动词(词组）
非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
become be
borrow keep
buy have
leave be away from
fall asleep be asleep
make friends be friends
非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
finish be over
open be open
close be closed
lose be lost
die be dead
非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
join be a member of/
be in
begin/start be on
come/go/arrive be in/at
turn on/off be on/off
get to know know
marry/get married be married
第一课时 1a-2d
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是现在的情况；不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
（三）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
He has lived here since 2008. 自2008年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里)
现在完成时
第一课时 1a-2d
只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
（三）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
He lived here in 2012. 2012年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里)
—般过去时
1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She _________(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years.
2. I __________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I’ve made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization.
第一课时 1a-2d
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
4b
have been
since
have taught
for
3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer _____ two years now. _____ he started working there, he __________(help) many students.
4. The organization ___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers it began to offer classes three years ago.
第一课时 1a-2d
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
4b
for
has helped
has trained
Since
since
I love being a volunteer! I ____________(work) with a sports organization for almost three years now.
have worked
第一课时 1a-2d
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4c
Since I started, I ___________(help) out at over ten different sports events. I __________(make) many new friends and I ______ even ____(meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _____(meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match.
have helped
have made
have
met
met
第一课时 1a-2d
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4c
The stadium _____(be) so big that they ____(get) lost.
I gave them directions and they _______(smile) and ________(thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer.
smiled
thanked
第一课时 1a-2d
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4c
was
got
四、用所给词的适当形式填空。(7分)
10. Jeff ________ (have) this toy plane for more than ten years.
11. Jill ________ (borrow) the book last week and she ________ (keep) it for six days.
12. I ______________ (not see) him since I met him at the airport three years ago.
has had
borrowed
has kept
haven’t seen
13.［扬州中考改编］Recently, more and more people ______________ (choose) to visit Yangzhou during holidays.
14. We ______________ (not meet) each other for five years. Both of us ______________ (leave) our hometown five years ago.
have chosen
haven’t met
left
第一课时 1a-2d
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
4d
known your best friend/. . .
had your favourite toy/. . .
lived in your neighbourhood/. . .
How long have you
e.g.
1
2
3
—How long have you known your best friend
—I have known my best friend for five years.
—How long have you had your favourite toy
—I have had my favourite toy for six months.
—How long have you lived in your neighbourhood
—I have lived in this neighbourhood since 2023.
五、根据汉语意思完成句子。(19分)
15.［淮南龙湖月考改编］我的哥哥自从2022 年起就参军了。
My brother __________________________________ since 2022.
has been in the army
16. 琳达的父亲自2000年就在一所小学工作。
Linda’s father _______________________________since 2000.
17. 上周末我们学校组织了一场慈善比赛，为贫困儿童筹款。
Our school organized a __________ __________
last weekend to raise money for poor children.
has worked in a primary school
charity match
18. 那位老人热情地感谢我们帮他过马路。
The old man ________ ________ ________ for helping him cross the road.
19. 我已经在我爷爷的农场帮忙三天了。
I ________ ________ ________ on my grandfather’s farm for three days.
thanked us warmly
have helped out
六、［杭州余杭区一模］完形填空。
As the school year ended and the summer vacation began, Max, Ava, and Sam planned a wonderful day at their favourite community park. This tidy little park was their go-to spot for__ 20__and enjoying their free time.
20.( )A. relaxing B. shopping
C. studying D. working
A
Max rushed ahead with a__ 21__ under his arm, while Ava and Sam followed closely behind, full of energy. It would be a day filled with laughter and fun.
21.( )A. basketball B. football
C. baseball D. volleyball
B
__22__ when they entered the park, their hearts sank(下沉) because their favourite playground was filled with__ 23__: Candy wrappers, plastic bottles, and chip bags were everywhere.
22.( )A. And B. But
C. Or D. So
23.( )A. flowers B. grass
C. candies D. rubbish
B
D
What a__ 24__!
“Who would be so careless ” Max said in a low voice. Sam__ 25__ kicked a plastic bottle, sending it flying.
24.( )A. chance B. mess
C. risk D. surprise
25.( )A. angrily B. gently
C. quietly D. happily
B
A
“It’s not careless but__ 26__!” Suddenly, Ava’s face lit up. “We can’t just leave__ 27__ like this. Let’s start a ‘Cleanup Group’...” she said softly but strongly.
26.( )A. bad B. careful
C. special D. poor
27.( )A. her B. him
C. it D. them
A
C
Max and Sam looked each other excitedly. “__28__idea!” Max said, kicking his football aside. They divided tasks: Max took the playground, Ava__ 29__on the trails(小路), and Sam headed for the fields.
28.( )A. Strange B. Crazy
C. Silly D. Fantastic
29.( )A. moved B. focused
C. depended D. kept
D
B
With each piece of rubbish__ 30__, the park slowly showed its beauty. Their efforts soon caught the attention of other__ 31__.
30.( )A. added B. broken
C. collected D. made
31.( )A. students B. teachers
C. visitors D. workers
C
C
Surprisingly, more people joined: a young mom __32__ the sandbox with her child, an elderly man helped clear the trails, and even teenagers playing basketball__ 33__. Soon the park was cleaner than ever.
32.( )A. built B. cleaned
C. painted D. sold
33.( )A. joined in B. looked around
C. ran away D. gave up
B
A
“We should call ourselves the Cleanup Group!” Ava said,__ 34__. “And do this every weekend!” Their small act had made a big difference, not just to the park, but to their community as well.
34.( )A. crying B. sighing
C. shaking D. smiling
D
积累 联系上文，完成知识积累。(8分)
1. be filled with ________________
2. in a low voice ________________
3. head for ________________
4. catch the attention of ________________
5. make a big difference ________________
6. as well ________________
充满
用低沉的声音
前往
吸引……的注意力
有重大影响
也；又
拓展
7. 她手里拿着一本书走进了房间。
She entered the room __________________________.
8. 他们建了一栋房子，后面有个小花园。
They built a house ______________________________.
with a book in her hand
with a small garden behind it

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