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Unit 1 Food matters Section 3 Grammar and usage
To infinitives as subjects and predicatives
1. Identify the use of to infinitives as subjects and predicatives；
2. Work out the rules of to infinitives used as subjects and predicatives；
3. Use the right forms of to infinitives to finish tasks of rewriting sentences and writing a thank you note；
4. Apply to infinitives in new situations.
定义(Definition)：动词不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“to＋动词原形”构成。动词不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性，可以跟宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。句法功能上，动词不定式(短语)与名词、形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
Ⅰ 用横线画出下列句子的动词不定式部分
1. To talk to a friend sincerely when something unpleasant happens is very important.
2. It was a great honour to be invited here today.
3. It is necessary for us to make some good friends.
4. She pretended not to see me when I went past.
5. We think it important to master a foreign language.
Ⅱ 观察以下句子，分析动词不定式在句子中所充当的成分
1. Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
2. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
3. There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from.
4. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
5. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend and show them my new found skills.
动词不定式的时态和语态
语态 时态 主动 被动
一般式 to do 1. __________
进行式 2. __________
完成式 to have done 3. __________
动词不定式做主语
1. 动词不定式做主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。做主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(表示具体的情况)
【注意】
在很多情况下，做主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。例如：
To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。
2. 若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式做形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种：
(1) It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb) to do sth: It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
(2) It＋be＋名词＋to do sth: It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖我是我莫大的荣幸。
(3) It takes (sb) some time to do sth: It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. 十年树木，百年树人。
(4) It made sb＋形容词＋to do sth: It made me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam. 了解到我通过了考试，我感到很轻松。
动词不定式做表语
1. 动词不定式做表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task、aim、purpose、wish、dream、duty、plan、hope、job、problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式做表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。例如：
I've had many dreams since I was a kid. Now my dream is to open a cafe. 我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我建议马上开始工作。
2. 动词不定式做表语省略to的情况：动词不定式做表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，做表语的不定式符号to可以省略。
All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.
别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
Ⅰ 用动词不定式改写下列句子
1. Jake's intention was that he would impress the guests with desserts.
→Jake's intention ___________________________________________.(做表语)
2. The search for a frying pan suitable for my kitchen is tiring.
→_________________________________________________ is tiring.(做主语)
3. The chef added some herbs to the soup so that the flavour would be enhanced.
→The chef added some herbs to the soup _______________________．(做状语)
4. I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu.
→I consider the Soup of the Day ________________________________ on the menu.(做宾语补足语)
5. The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken.
→The next dish _________________________________________________ is Kung Pao Chicken.(做定语)
Ⅱ 用动词不定式短语完成下列句子
1. 我们半途而废是不对的。
It isn't right for us ____________________________．
2. 做早操对我们的健康有用。
It is useful for our health ______________________________．
3. 对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
It's important for us ________________________________．
4. 我的想法是从北面爬山。
My idea is ____________________________________________．
5. 他匆匆赶往车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
He hurried to the station, only __________________________________．
Ⅲ 短文填空
For the first 18 years of my life, my mum 1.__________(cook) Chinese food every day—dumplings, Kung Pao Chicken, and fried spring rolls, all served family style. But when it came time to teach myself how 2.__________(cook), I didn't ask my mum for help. Instead, I turned to the Internet 3.__________(look) for online recipes. And after I started my own family, I threw myself into 4.__________(cook) as much as possible. To be honest, it is easy for me 5.__________(prepare) Western cuisine for my family. What I didn't know how to cook at all, however, was Chinese food. Part of the reason was that the number of English language recipes for Chinese dishes was extremely 6.__________(limit).
That was the same experience, for sisters Sarah and Kaitlin Leung. So, in 2013, the Leungs started a food blog named The Woks of Life, whose aim was 7.__________(introduce) recipes for Chinese dishes. It has not only taught me 8.__________(make) delicious Chinese dishes but also helped me closely connect with Chinese culture.
Ⅰ 词条讲解
impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
【原句】As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.(page 7) 只要你不恐高，你就会对市中心的最新餐厅Sky Buffet印象深刻。
【拓展】
impress vt. & vi.→impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；令人赞叹的
→impression n. 印象，感想；影响
impress sb with sth 某物给某人留下深刻的印象
be impressed by/with…
被……打动，对……印象深刻
have/get a(n) … impression of…
对……有……印象
【即学即练】语法填空
Everyone has unforgettable moments in his life, which leave a deep impression __________ him.
Ⅱ 短语讲解
throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
【原句】I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.(page 6) 我全身心投入家庭烹饪中，从在深锅里煮面到在平底锅里煎牛排。
【拓展】
throw away 扔掉；浪费(金钱等)；错过(机会等)
throw light on sth (提供新资料)使某事更易理解
【即学即练】完成句子
我打算在余下的学年里全身心投入学业当中。
I decide to _____________________________________ for the rest of the school year.
完成课本第7页B3的写作，注意使用包含动词不定式的句子表达。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 3　Grammar and usage
Activity 1
Ⅰ 1. To_talk to a friend sincerely when something unpleasant happens is very important.
2. It was a great honour to_be_invited here today.
3. It is necessary for us to_make some good friends.
4. She pretended not to_see me when I went past.
5. We think it important to_master a foreign language.
Ⅱ 1. 表语　2. 主语　3. 后置定语　4. 主语　5. 表语
Activity 2
1. to be done　2. to be doing　3. to have been done
Activity 3
Ⅰ 1. was to impress the guests with desserts　2. To search for a frying pan suitable for my kitchen　3. to enhance the flavour　4. to be the best option　5. to be prepared by the cook
Ⅱ 1. to stop half way　2. to do morning exercises　3. to learn English well　4. to climb the mountain from the north　5. to find the train had left
Ⅲ 1. cooked　2. to cook　3. to look 4. cooking　5. to prepare　6. limited　7. to introduce　8. to make
Activity 4
Ⅰ on
Ⅱ throw myself into my study completely
Assignment
One possible version：
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won't be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
Yours,
Mary

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