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Unit 4 Exploring poetry Section 3 Grammar and usage
Overview of to infinitives, verb ing and verb ed forms
1. Identify and categorize the use of to infinitives, verb ing , and verb ed forms;
2. Summarize general rules of to infinitives, verb ing , and verb ed forms;
3. Use the right forms of to infinitives, verb ing , and verb ed in new situations.
定义(Definition)：非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：
形式 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词 ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词 ed形式 × × √ √ √ √
非谓语动词也有时态和语态的变化。见下表：
形式 动词不定式 动词 ing形式 动词 ed形式
一般式 to do doing done
进行式 to be doing 本身含进行意义 ×
完成式 to have done having done ×
被动式 to be done being done 本身含被动意义
完成被动式 to have been done having been done ×
Ⅰ 写出下列非谓语动词在句中所做的成分
1. What I would suggest is to_start work at once._________
2. It is enjoyable to_read a poem aloud and feel its rhythm._________
3. It is no good pretending to know what you do not know._________
4. A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen._________
5. The challenge to_find the right position is difficult for them._________
6. The problem being_discussed at the meeting is very important._________
7. This poem inspires readers to_appreciate the simple joys in daily life.
_________
8. You need to_go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination._________
9. A terrible storm hit the area, thus causing great damage to the crops. _________
10. We are working hard in order to_turn our dreams into a reality._________
Ⅱ 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I think you could be _________(interest) in the exhibition.
2. I enjoyed _________(study) different kinds of cars and planes.
3. _________(look) at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies.
4. It takes them about an hour and a half _________(go) to work every day.
5. _________(build) with an interesting method, the house looks attractive.
6. Instead of _________(discourage) by my slow progress, I was excited.
7. We can enjoy some masterpieces _________(show) the patterns of some animals and Chinese characters.
8. I want to visit a Chinese paper cutting exhibition _________(hold) in the school hall next Saturday.
9. When summer came, they would invite their students _________(pick) the fresh vegetables in the local farm.
10. _________(know) basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
Ⅲ 用非谓语动词改写下列句子
1. The room is crowded with a lot of equipment so it looks a mess.
→________________________________________________________________
2. My brother makes paper planes every day. He is interested in it.
→________________________________________________________________
3. If you want to succeed in business, you need to be patient and persistent.
→________________________________________________________________
4. The girl who rode a bike in front of the house was my little sister.
→________________________________________________________________
5. After he read the poem a second time, he had a better understanding of it.
→________________________________________________________________
6. When I wandered through the gallery, I was attracted by paintings by Xu Beihong.
→________________________________________________________________
7. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message. The secret message is hidden within the work.
→________________________________________________________________
8. As the society develops rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
→________________________________________________________________
1. 当动词不定式或动词 ing形式做主语时，常用_________代替，而真正的主语后置，如练习Ⅰ题2和3。
2. 动词不定式与动词 ing形式做宾语：
(1) 在afford、agree、arrange、choose、claim、desire、expect、fail、hope、intend、offer、pretend、promise、refuse、wish等动词后，常接________________
_______做宾语，如练习Ⅰ题8。　　　
(2) 在advise、admit、avoid、consider、deny、enjoy、finish、practise、suggest等动词以及burst out、give up、insist on、keep on、put off等短语后，常接__________________做宾语，如练习Ⅱ题2。
(3) 在like、love、begin、start等动词后，接动词不定式和动词 ing形式做宾语，区别不大，常可换用。
(4) 在remember、forget、regret、try、mean等动词后，接动词不定式和动词 ing形式做宾语，二者意义不同，不能换用。
(5) _________后一般只接动词 ing形式做宾语，如练习Ⅱ题6。
3. 动词不定式在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带_________主语；有的情况下to可以省略。动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或状态，动词 ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。
4. 动词不定式做定语常表示_________发生的事，如练习Ⅱ题8；动词 ing形式做定语常表示_________发生的事，如练习Ⅰ题6；动词 ed形式做定语常表示_________发生的事或表示意义，如练习Ⅱ题5和练习Ⅲ题1。动词不定式和动词 ing形式做定语时可以有被动形式。
5. 动词不定式做状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式做状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。动词 ing形式具有主动意义，动词 ed形式具有被动意义。动词 ing形式做状语可用完成式。
6. 在expect、forbid、force、order、permit、request、warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式做补语。在see、hear、notice、watch、feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式做补语，表示动作的整个过程；也可以接动词 ing形式做补语，表示动作正在进行。动词 ed形式做补语常表示被动意义。
Ⅰ 短文填空
Many years ago, a young foreigner 1._________(name) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China. From then on, a window to the east opened for westerners.
Marco Polo was born in 1254. He lived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle were merchants 2._________(trade) with the East. When Marco was young, he enjoyed 3._________(listen) to the stories about the places 4._________(visit) by his father. Then his father decided 5._________(take) him on a trip.
At just 17, Marco Polo left Italy for China. They were among the first Europeans 6._________(travel) along the Silk Road. Despite 7._________(face) many challenges, Marco remained brave. After four years, he met Kublai Khan, who offered him a job. Marco spent 17 years working for him, 8._________(explore) most parts of China.
When he returned home, he introduced new concepts like coal and paper money, 9._________(surprise) many Europeans. His experiences were later recorded in a book 10._________(title) The Travels of Marco Polo.
Ⅱ 完成句子(用非谓语动词)
1. 妈妈对我说的话有点惊讶，她紧紧地抱住了我。
_______________________________ at what I said, my mother hugged me tight.　 　　
2. 我俯身向前，却发现他的眼睛里满是泪水，嘴唇紧闭。
I leaned forward ____________________________________________________ and his lips pressed tightly.
3. 说出真相后，他心里轻松了很多，心情放松地回家了。
________________________________, he felt more at ease and returned home with a lighter heart.
4. 他屏住呼吸，尽力不发出任何声音，免得让人知道他来了。
He held his breath, ________________________________ that might betray his presence.
5. 她在街上漫无目的地逛上好几个小时，感到有点饿，想吃点东西。
___________________________ aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat.
6. 他痛苦地喘着气，强迫自己站了起来，迈着缓慢的步子，摇摇晃晃地开始走。
________________________， he forced himself to his feet and with slow, shaky steps, began to walk.
Ⅲ 七选五
Li Bai is one of China's most loved poets, famous for his lively words and free spirit in poems. __1__ His life started in Central Asia, and his family later moved to Sichuan. __2__ His experiences in his youth helped him develop a deep love for nature and adventure.
Li Bai's poems are full of strong imagination and deep feelings, often showing his love for freedom. __3__ For example, his works describe mountains, rivers, the moon, friendship, and wine. “Quiet Night Thoughts” is one of his most famous poems. __4__
Today, Li Bai's influence remains strong. __5__
A. Trying to meet other poets of his time, he often went to literary meetings.
B. Recognized as a great romantic poet, he is admired by people for his great talent.
C. Though written in only a few lines, it expresses the common feeling of missing home.
D. Travelling widely when he was young, he visited many beautiful places across China.
E. Being told from person to person, his poems became popular with ordinary people.
F. Exploring themes of nature and human feelings, his poems touch many readers' hearts.
G. Going beyond time and different cultures, his works are loved by readers around the world.
1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________
Finish part B on page 49 of the textbook.
Section 3　Grammar and usage
Activity 1
Ⅰ 1. 表语　2. 主语　3. 主语　4. 补语　5. 定语　6. 定语　7. 补语　8. 宾语　
9. 状语　10. 状语
Ⅱ 1. interested　2. studying　3. Looking 4. to go　5. Built　6. being discouraged
7. showing　8. to be held　9. to pick　10. Knowing
Ⅲ 1. Crowded with a lot of equipment, the room looks a mess.
2. My brother is interested in making paper planes and he does it every day.
3. To succeed in business, you need to be patient and persistent.
4. The girl riding a bike in front of the house was my little sister.
5. Having read the poem a second time, he had a better understanding of it.
6. Wandering through the gallery, I was attracted by paintings by Xu Beihong.
7. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.
8. With the society developing rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
Activity 2
1. 形式主语it
2. (1) 动词不定式　(2) 动词 ing形式 (5) 介词
3. 逻辑
4. 将要；正在；已经；被动
Activity 3
Ⅰ 1. named　2. trading　3. listening 4. visited　5. to take　6. to travel　7. facing
8. exploring　9. surprising　10. titled
Ⅱ 1. A little surprised　2. only to find his eyes brimming with tears　3. Having told the truth　
4. trying not to make any sound 5. Having wandered　6. Gasping with pain
Ⅲ 1—5 BDFCG

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